This essay seeks to identify the main aspects of the cultural identity of Malta as a microscopic manifestation of the various traits which may build up the Mediterranean culture. It outlines the historical development of the ancient language spoken by the Maltese and explains how Maltese literature eventually became a document of the historical and cultural identity of the whole population. Malta is an island, and this fact determines diverse components of Maltese identity. The concept of an islander is thus interpreted as one of the main sources from which the Maltese view of life derives.