Gd2O3-promoted Ni/SiO2 catalysts exhibited higher activity and selectivity than Ni/SiO2 in methane autothermal reforming. The results of the temperature-programmed surface reaction of CH4 indicated that Gd2O3 might enhance anti-carbon deposition properties. The reactivity of surface carbons showed that the presence of Gd2O3 reduced the formation of inactive carbons on Ni/SiO2. Raman results suggested that the order of graphitization of deposited carbon decreases with the addition of Gd2O3.
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