Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis
Volume/Issue:
Volume 106: Issue 1
Fabrication, optimization and application of an immobilized layer-by-layer TiO2/Chitosan system for the removal of phenol and its intermediates under 45-W fluorescent lamp
Authors:
Ali H. Jawad School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Pulau, Penang, Malaysia, ahjm72@yahoo.com

Search for other papers by Ali H. Jawad in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
and
M. A. Nawi School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Pulau, Penang, Malaysia, ahjm72@yahoo.com

Search for other papers by M. A. Nawi in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
Pages:
49–65
Online Publication Date:
11 Nov 2011
Publication Date:
01 Jun 2012
Article Category:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11144-011-0396-y
Keywords:
Photocatalysis; Immobilization; TiO2; Chitosan; Phenol; Low-energy
Restricted access

Abstract

An immobilized layer-by-layer TiO2/Chitosan (CS) biopolymer onto glass plate has been fabricated, optimized and applied for the removal of 10 mg L−1 phenol and its intermediates under a 45-W fluorescent lamp with a UV leakage irradiance of 4.4 Wm−2. A simple dip-coating technique using the dip-coating solution containing TiO2, epoxidized natural rubber (ENR50) and phenol–formaldehyde resin (PF) was used to immobilize TiO2 onto the CS sub-layer. However, the CS sub-layer did not improve the adsorption of phenol while photodegradation of ENR50 and PF binders acted as macro-pores forming agent within the surface of the TiO2 layer. The degradation kinetics of phenol fitted the pseudo-first order rate model and the main intermediates were qualitatively and quantitatively identified by HPLC analysis to be maleic acid, fumaric acid, hydroquinone and catechol. These intermediates and end-products of the degraded phenol by both TiO2 single layer and layer-by-layer TiO2/CS systems were identical. The total removal of phenol and its intermediates can be achieved within 120 min of irradiation by using layer-by-layer TiO2/CS system, while the same results can be obtained within 360 min of irradiation by using TiO2 single layer.

  • 1. Mills, A, Hunte, SL 1997 J Photochem Photobiol A 108:1 .

  • 2. Pillai, UR, Endalkachew, SD 2002 J Catal 211:434.

  • 3. Sichel, C, Cara, MD, Tello, J, Blanco, J, Fernandez-Ibanez, P 2007 Appl Catal B 74:152 .

  • 4. Fujishima, A, Rao, TN, Tryk, DA 2000 J Photochem Photobiol C 1:1 .

  • 5. Fujishima, A, Zhang, X 2006 Comptes Rendus Chim 9:750 .

  • 6. Sun, RD, Nakajima, A, Watanabe, T, Hashimoto, K 2003 J Photochem Photobiol A 154:203 .

  • 7. Dominguez, JR, Beltran, J, Rodriguez, O 2005 Catal Today 101:389 .

  • 8. Kim, BR, Podsiadlik, DH, Kalis, EM, Hartlund, JL, Gaines, WA 1998 J Environ Eng 124:1108 .

  • 9. Hamerski, M, Grechulska, J, Morawski, AW 1999 Sol Energy 66:395 .

  • 10. Eliet, V, Bidoglio, G 1998 Environ Sci Technol 32:3155 .

  • 11. Chong, MN, Bo, J, Christopher, WKC, Chris, S 2010 Water Res 44:2997 .

  • 12. Chatterjee, D, Dasgupta, S 2005 J Photochem Photobiol C 6:186 .

  • 13. Mascolo, GR, Comparelli, R, Curri, ML, Lovecchio, G, Lopez, A, Agostiano, A 2007 J Hazard Mater 142:130 .

  • 14. Fabiyi, ME, Skelton, RL 2000 J Photochem Photobiol A 132:121 .

  • 15. Dionysiou, DD, Khodadoust, AP, Kern, AM, Suidan, MT, Baudin, I, Laine, JM 2000 Appl Catal B 24:139 .

  • 16. Kim, TY, Lee, YH, Park, KH, Kim, SJ, Cho, SY 2005 Res Chem Intermed 31:1108 .

  • 17. Tao, Y, Pan, J, Yan, S, Tang, B, Zhu, L 2007 Mater Sci Eng B 138:84 .

  • 18. Rodrigues, AC, Boroski, M, Shimada, NS, Garcia, JC, Nozakim, J, Hioka, N 2008 J Photochem Photobiol A 194:1 .

  • 19. Zubieta, CE, Messina, PV, Luengo, C, Dennehy, M, Pieroni, O, Schulz, PC 2008 J Hazard Mater 152:765 .

  • 20. Zainal, Z, Hui, LK, Hussein, MZ, Abdullah, AH, Hamadneh, IR 2009 J Hazard Mater 164:138 .

  • 21. Li, Q, Su, H, Tan, T 2008 Biochem Eng J 38:212 .

  • 22. Nawi, MA, Kean, LC, Tanaka, K, Jab, MS 2003 Appl Catal B 46:165 .

  • 23. Amar AH (2006) MSc Thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia.

  • 24. Damodar, RA, Swaminathan, T 2008 Chem Eng J 144:59 .

  • 25. Sionkowska, A, Kaczmarek, H, Wisniewski, M, Skopinska, J, Tokarev, V 2006 Surf Sci 600:3775 .

  • 26. Shang, J, Yao, W, Zhu, Y, Wu, N 2004 Appl Catal A 257:25 .

  • 27. McMurray, TA, Byrne, JA, Dunlop, PSM, Winkelman, JGM, Eggins, BR, McAdams, E 2004 Appl Catal A 262:105 .

  • 28. Khan, R, Dhayal, M 2008 Electrochem Commun 10:492 .

  • 29. Song, L, Zhang, X, Zeng, X 2011 Reac Kinet Mech Cat 102:295 .

  • 30. Nawi, MA, Jawad, HJ, Sabar, S, Ngah, WSW 2011 Carbohydr Polym 83:1146 .

  • 31. Haque, MM, Muneer, M 2007 J Hazard Mater 145:51 .

  • 32. Bekkouche, S, Bouhelassa, M, Salah, NH, Meghlaoui, FZ 2004 Desalination 166:355 .

  • 33. Nawi, MA, Jawad, HJ, Sabar, S, Ngah, WSW 2011 Desalination 280:288 .

  • 34. Iketani, K, Sun, RD, Toki, M, Hirota, K, Yamaguchi, O 2003 J Phys Chem Solids 64:507 .

  • 35. Mrowetz, M, Pirola, C, Selli, E 2003 Ultrason Sonochem 10:247 .

  • 36. Amour, RJAL, Azevedo, EB, Leite, SGF, Dezotti, M 2008 Sep Purif Technol 60:142 .

  • 37. Sobczynski, A, Duczmal, L, Zmudzinski, W 2004 J Mol Catal 213:225 .

  • 38. Pimentel, M, Oturan, N, Dezotti, M, Oturan, MA 2008 Appl Catal B 83:140 .

  • Collapse
  • Expand
Cover Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis
Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis
Print ISSN:
1878-5190
Online ISSN:
1878-5204

To see the editorial board, please visit the website of Springer Nature.

Manuscript submission: www.editorialmanager.com/reac

For subscription options, please visit the website of Springer Nature.

Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis
Language English
Size B5
Year of
Foundation		 1974
Volumes
per Year		 1
Issues
per Year		 6
Founder Akadémiai Kiadó
Founder's
Address		 H-1117 Budapest, Hungary 1516 Budapest, PO Box 245.
Publisher Akadémiai Kiadó
Springer Nature Switzerland AG
Publisher's
Address		 H-1117 Budapest, Hungary 1516 Budapest, PO Box 245.
CH-6330 Cham, Switzerland Gewerbestrasse 11.
Responsible
Publisher		 Chief Executive Officer, Akadémiai Kiadó
ISSN 1878-5190 (Print)
ISSN 1878-5204 (Online)

Monthly Content Usage

Abstract Views Full Text Views PDF Downloads
Nov 2024 82 0 0
Dec 2024 42 0 0
Jan 2025 57 0 0
Feb 2025 70 0 0
Mar 2025 69 0 0
Apr 2025 9 0 0
May 2025 1 0 0