This paper describes the different forms of and tries to give reasons for international scientific collaboration in general. It focuses on eleven countries in the Asia–Pacific region by evaluating their national research output with the help of bibliometric indicators in particular. Over two million journal articles published by these countries between 1998 and 2007 in ISI-listed periodicals are analyzed. Discipline-specific publication and citation profiles reveal national strengths and weaknesses in the different research domains. The exponential increase in publication output by China over the last few years is astonishing, but in terms of visibility, i.e. citation rates, China cannot keep up with leading science nations, remaining below the world average. A discipline-specific analysis shows that Chinese authors took an active part in more than a quarter of all articles and reviews published in the field of materials science in 2007, while their contribution to medical research is very low. Co-publication networks among the eleven countries are generated to observe the development of cooperation bonds in the region. Applying Salton's measure of international collaboration strength, an above-average strengthening of scientific collaboration in the Asia–Pacific region can be observed.
Birnholtz, JP 2007 When do researchers collaborate? Toward a model of collaboration propensity. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 58 14 2226–2239 .
Evers, H.-D., Gerke, S., & Schweißhelm, R., (2004). Malaysia, Singapur, Indonesien: Wege zur Wissensgesellschaft. South East Asian Studies Working Paper No. 20. Bonn: Department of Southeast Asian Studies, University of Bonn. Retrieved March 8, 2010 from http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/evifa/documents/books/reV5yMIeTTSYI/PDF/239Wf25iK8dcI.pdf.
Frame, JD, Narin, F, Carpenter, MP 1977 Distribution of world science. Social Studies of Science 7 4 501–516 .
Georghiou, L. (1997) Global cooperation in research (Vol. 27, pp. 611–626). In Paper presented at the conference on the past and future of EU research funding-framework programmes under consideration, June 16-17, Helsinki, Finland.
Glänzel, W, Debackere, K, Meyer, M 2008 ‘Triad’ or ‘tetrad’? On global changes in a dynamic world. Scientometrics 74 1 71–88 .
Glänzel, W, Schubert, A 2007 Analysing scientific networks through co-authorship HF Moed W Glänzel U Schmoch eds. Handbook of quantitative science and technology research. The Use of publication and patent statistics in studies of S&T systems Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht 257–276.
Gómez, I, Méndez, A 1992 Are peripheral countries profiting from scientific cooperation networks? P Weingart R Sehringer M Winterhager eds. Representations of science and technology: Proceedings of the international conference on science and technology indicators DSWO Press Leiden 112–123.
Guan, JC, Ma, N 2007 A bibliometric study of China's semiconductor literature compared with other major Asian countries. Scientometrics 70 1 107–124 .
Gupta, BM, Munshi, M, Mishra, PK 2004 Regional collaboration in S&T among South Asian countries. Annals of Library and Information Studies 51 4 121–132.
Haustein, S., Mittermaier, B., & Tunger, D. (2008). Bibliometric analysis Asia-Pacific Research area commissioned by the International Bureau of the BMBF at DLR. Jülich: Forschungszentrum Jülich. Retrieved March 8, 2010 from http://www.kooperation-international.de/index.php?eID=tx_nawsecuredl&u=0&file=fileadmin/redaktion/doc/Bibliometrie_Asien_englisch_neu.pdf&t=1268142711&hash=311621d7ca9cd94af219c315eb9ba97e.
Inonu, E 2003 The influence of cultural factors on scientific production. Scientometrics 56 1 137–146 .
Katz, JS, Hicks, D, Narin, F, Hamilton, K 1996 International collaboration. Nature 381 6577 16 .
Kim, MJ 2005 Korean science and international collaboration, 1995–2000. Scientometrics 63 2 321–339 .
King, DA 2004 The scientific impact of nations. Nature 430 6997 311–316 .
Luukkonen, T, Persson, O, Sivertsen, G 1992 Networks of international scientific collaboration P Weingart R Sehringer M Winterhager eds. Representations of science and technology: Proceedings of the international conference on science and technology indicators DSWO Press Leiden 95–111.
Luukkonen, T, Tijssen, RJW, Persson, O, Sivertsen, G 1993 The measurement of international scientific collaboration. Scientometrics 28 1 15–36 .
Martinez, C., & Moore, T. (2008, October). China goes from strength to strength. Inspec Matters.
Moed, HF 2002 Measuring China's research performance using the Science Citation Index. Scientometrics 53 3 281–296 .
Okubo, Y, Dore, JC, Ojasoo, T, Miquel, JF 1998 A multivariate analysis of publication trends in the 1980s with special reference to south-east Asia. Scientometrics 41 3 273–289 .
Price, DJDS 1963 Little science, big science Columbia University Press New York.
Salton, G, McGill, MJ 1986 Introduction to modern information retrieval McGraw-Hill Inc New York.
Schubert, A, Braun, T 1990 International collaboration in the sciences, 1981–1985. Scientometrics 19 1–2 3–10 .
Tunger, D. (2009). Bibliometrische Verfahren und Methoden als Beitrag zur Trendbeobachtung und -erkennung in den Naturwissenschaften. Jülich: Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Zentralbibliothek, Verlag. Retrieved March 8, 2010 from http://epub.uni-regensburg.de/12294/1/Bibliothek_19_uni.pdf.
Tunger, D., & Haustein, S. (2009). Bibliometric analysis of the Asia-Pacific research area: Issues and results. In Proceedings of ISSI 2009—12th international conference of the international society for scientometrics and informetrics (Vol. 2, pp. 996–997).
Wagner, C. S., Brahmakulam, I., Jackson, B., Wong, A., & Yoda, T. (2001). Science and technology collaboration: Building capacity in developing countries? Santa Monica: RAND. Retrieved March 8, 2010 from http://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/2005/MR1357.0.pdf.
Wagner, C. S., Yezril, A., & Hassell, S. (2001). International cooperation in research and development. An update to an inventory to U.S. government spending. Santa Monica: RAND. Retrieved March 8, 2010 from http://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/2007/MR1248.pdf.