Evaluating the career of individual scientists according to their scientific output is a common bibliometric problem. Two aspects are classically taken into account: overall productivity and overall diffusion/impact, which can be measured by a plethora of indicators that consider publications and/or citations separately or synthesise these two quantities into a single number (e.g. h-index). A secondary aspect, which is sometimes mentioned in the rules of competitive examinations for research position/promotion, is time regularity of one researcher's scientific output. Despite the fact that it is sometimes invoked, a clear definition of regularity is still lacking. We define it as the ability of generating an active and stable research output over time, in terms of both publications/quantity and citations/diffusion. The goal of this paper is introducing three analysis tools to perform qualitative/quantitative evaluations on the regularity of one scientist's output in a simple and organic way. These tools are respectively (1) the PY/CY diagram, (2) the publication/citation Ferrers diagram and (3) a simplified procedure for comparing the research output of several scientists according to their publication and citation temporal distributions (Borda's ranking). Description of these tools is supported by several examples.
Alonso, S, Cabrerizo, F, Herrera-Viedma, E, Herrera, F 2009 h-Index: A review focused in its variants, computation and standardization for different scientific fields. Journal of Informetrics 3 4 273–289 .
Amin M. , Mabe M. (2000). Impact Factors: Use and Abuse. Elsevier Science. Perspectives in Publishing, n. 1, October 2000. http://www.elsevier.com.
Anderson, TR, Hankin, RKS, Killworth, PD 2008 Beyond the Durfee square: enhancing the h-index to score total publication output. Scientometrics 76 3 577–588 .
Andrews, GE 1998 The theory of partitions Cambridge University Press Cambridge, UK ISBN: 052163766X.
Antonakis, J, Lalive, R 2008 Quantifying scholarly impact: IQp versus the Hirsch h. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 59 6 956–969 .
ASPHER—The Association of Schools of Public Health in the European Region (2010). Doctoral education and research capacities in public health—background and guidelines. http://www.aspher.org/pliki/pdf/ASPHER_Report_DoctoralStudiesPH.pdf.
Borda, JC 1781 Mémoire sur les élections au scrutin, Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, translated by Alfred de Grazia as Mathematical derivation of an election system. Isis 44:42–51.
Bornmann, L 2011 Mimicry in science?. Scientometrics 86 1 173–177 .
Bornmann, L, Mutz, R, Daniel, HD 2008 Are there better indices for evaluation purposes than the h index? A comparison of nine different variants of the h index using data from biomedicine. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 59 5 830–837 .
Braun, T, Glänzel, W, Schubert, A 2006 A Hirsch-type index for journals. The Scientist 69 1 169–173.
Burrell, QL 2007 Hirsch index or Hirsch rate? Some thoughts arising from Liang's data. Scientometrics 73 1 19–28 .
Castillo, C., Donato, D., Gionis, A. (2007). Estimating number of citations using author reputation. In N. Ziviani & R. Baeza-Yates (eds.), SPIRE 2007, LNCS 4726 (pp. 107–117). Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer. doi: .
Collegio dei presidenti di corso di studi in Matematica (2008). Considerazioni e proposte relative agli indicatori di qualità di attività scientifica e di ricerca, e ai parametri per le valutazioni comparative. http://users.unimi.it/barbieri/indicatoriMAT_29nov08.pdf.
Cronin, B 1984 The citation process: the role and significance of citations in scientific communication Taylor Graham London ISBN: 9780947568016.
Egghe, L 2006 Theory and practise of the g-index. Scientometrics 69 1 131–152 .
Egghe, L 2010 Conjugate partitions in informetrics: Lorenz curves, h-type indices, Ferrers graphs and Durfee squares in a discrete and continuous setting. Journal of Informetrics 4 3 320–330 .
Egghe, L 2010 The Hirsch-index and related impact measures. Annual Review of Information Science and Technology 44:65–114.
Franceschini, F, Galetto, M, Maisano, D 2007 Management by measurement: designing key indicators and performance measurements Springer Berlin ISBN: 9783540732112.
Franceschini, F, Maisano, D 2009 The Hirsch index in manufacturing and quality engineering. Quality and Reliability Engineering International 25 8 987–995 .
Franceschini, F, Maisano, D 2010 The Hirsch spectrum: a novel tool for analysing scientific journals. Journal of Informetrics 4 1 64–73 .
Franceschini, F, Maisano, D 2010 The citation triad: an overview of a scientist's publication output based on Ferrers diagrams. Journal of Informetrics 4 4 503–511 .
Franceschini, F, Maisano, D 2010 Analysis of the Hirsch index's operational properties. European Journal of Operational Research 203 2 494–504 .
Franceschini, F, Maisano, D 2011 Bibliometric positioning of scientific manufacturing journals: a comparative analysis. Scientometrics 86 2 463–485 .
Gingras, Y. (1996). Bibliometric Analysis of Funded Research. A Feasibility Study, Report to the Program Evaluation Committee of NSERC. http://www.ost.uqam.ca/Portals/0/docs/rapports/1996/Report-NSERC.pdf.
Glänzel, W, Zhang, L 2010 A demographic look at scientometric characteristics of a scientist's career. ISSI NEWSLETTER 6 3 66–84.
Hirsch, J. E. 2005 An index to quantify an individual's scientific research output. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 102:16569–16572 .
IPEA—Institute of Applied Economic Research (2009). Simplified public call for proposals IPEA/PVE Nr 001/2009—Selection of candidates for research funding. http://www.ipea.gov.br/sites/000/2/pdf/PublicCall_001_09PVE.pdf.
Kelly, CD, Jennions, MD 2006 The h index and career assessment by numbers. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 21 4 167–170 .
Mathews, J, Walker, RL 1970 Mathematical methods of physics 2 W. A. Benjamin/Addison-Wesley Reading, MA 477.
Persson, O, Glänzel, W, Danell, R 2004 Inflationary bibliometric values: the role of scientific collaboration and the need for relative indicators in evaluative studies. Scientometrics 60 3 421–432 .
Peteri, R., Chetverikov, D. (2005). Dynamic Texture Recognition Using Normal Flow and Texture Regularity. In: Proceedings of Second Iberian Conference on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis (IbPRIA 2005). Estoril, Portugal, June 2005.
Rousseau, R 2008 Reflections on recent developments of the h-index and h-type indices. COLLNET Journal of Scientometrics and Information Management 2 1 1–8.
Saari, DG 1995 Basic geometry of Voting Springer Berlin ISBN: 3-540-60064-7.
Stephan, PE 2008 Science and the University: challenges for future research. CESifo Economic Studies 54 2 313–324 .
N Van Oort R Van Nes 2009 Regularity analysis for optimizing urban transit network design. Public Transport 1 2 155–168 .
AFJ Van Raan 2000 The Pandora's box of citation analysis: measuring scientific excellence, the last evil? B Cronin HB Atkins eds. The Web of knowledge: a Festschrift in honor of Eugene Garfield ASIS Monograph Series, Information Today Inc. Medford, NJ 301–319.