Authors:
Maria Elizabeth Grabe Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA

Search for other papers by Maria Elizabeth Grabe in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Ozen Bas Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA

Search for other papers by Ozen Bas in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Louis A. Pagano Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, USA

Search for other papers by Louis A. Pagano in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
, and
Lelia Samson Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA

Search for other papers by Lelia Samson in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
Restricted access

Abstract

This paper succeeds recent experimental findings of gender variation in how news consumers process information delivered by a female news anchor. Specifically, men remembered news presented by the unsexualized version of the anchor better while women had higher memory scores for news presented by her sexualized rendition. Explanations for why men may have been distracted from processing news information delivered by a sexualized female news anchor were sufficiently explored and supported by data in this published research. Yet, more work is necessary to understand the hike in women's memory scores associated with sexualization of female anchors. Theoretical advances in the evolutionary psychology tradition offers a framework for testing female intrasexual competition as a potential explanation for women's heightened cognitive investment in what the sexualized anchor reported. In fact, derogation has been identified as a master tactic of female competitive behavior. Yet, encountering a potential rival in a professional context and in mediated form, might not ignite intrasexual competition but called for investigation, nonetheless. To this end, an instrument built on the intrasexual competition literature was employed to systematically examine open-ended participant responses collected during an experiment. Results did emerge in support of the intra-sexual competition explanation. Women participants were significantly more likely to (1) derogate a sexualized than unsexualized female anchor, and (2) did so more than men. Further examination of the gist of these swipes brought further confirmation of the female competitive edge and added nuance to understanding derogation.

  • M. C. Ashton K. Lee S. V. Paunonen 2002 What is the central feature of Extraversion? Social attention versus reward sensitivity Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 83 1 245 252.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • K. Björkqvist K. Lagerspetz A. Kaukiainen 1992 Do girls manipulate and boys fight? Developmental trends in regard to direct and indirect aggression Aggressive Behavior 18 2 117 127.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • M. Botwin D. Buss T. Shackelford 1997 Personality and mate preferences: five factors in mate selection and marital satisfaction Journal of Personality 65 1 107.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • K. Browne 1999 Divided labours: An evolutionary view of women at work Yale University Press New Haven, CT.

  • D. Buss 1988 The evolution of human intrasexual competition: Tactics of mate attraction Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 54 4 616 628.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • D. Buss T. Shackelford 1997 Human aggression in evolutionary psychological perspective Clinical Psychology Review 17 6 605 620.

  • D. M. Buss 1989 Conflict between the sexes: Strategic interference and the evocation of anger and upset Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 56 5 735.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • D. M. Buss 1991 Evolutionary personality psychology Annual Review of Psychology 42 1 459.

  • D. M. Buss 1996 Social adaptation and five major factors of personality J. S. Wiggins The five-factor model of personality: Theoretical perspectives Guilford New York, NY 180 207.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • D. M. Buss 2009 How can evolutionary psychology successfully explain personality and individual differences? Perspectives on Psychological Science 4 4 359.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • D. M. Buss M. Barnes 1986 Preferences in human mate selection Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 50 3 559.

  • D. M. Buss L. A. Dedden 1990 Derogation of competitors Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 7 3 395.

  • D. M. Buss 1994 The evolution of desire: Strategies of human mating Basic Books New York.

  • A. Campbell 1999 Staying alive: Evolution, culture, and women's intrasexual aggression Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22 02 203 214.

  • A. Campbell 2004 Female competition: Causes, constraints, content, and contexts Journal of Sex Research 41 1 16 26.

  • E. Cashdan 1996 Women's mating strategies Evolutionary Anthropology 5 134 142.

  • D. F. Cellar M. L. Miller D. D. Doverspike J. D. Klawsky 1996 Comparison of factor structures and criterion-related validity coefficients for two measures of personality based on the five factor model Journal of Applied Psychology 81 6 694 704.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • W. H. Chafe 1972 The American woman; Her changing social, economic, and political roles, 1920–1970 Oxford University Press New York, NY.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • N. Crick J. Grotpeter 1995 Relational aggression, gender, and social-psychological adjustment Child Development 66 3 710 722.

  • C. Darwin 1871 The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. (Vol. 1) J. Murray London, UK.

  • C. A. Dellasega 2009 Bullying among nurses American Journal of Nursing 109 1 52.

  • J. M. Digman J. Inouye 1986 Further specification of the five robust factors of personality Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 50 1 116 123.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • J. M. Digman 1990 Personality structure: Emergence of the five-factor model Annual Review of Psychology 41 1 417 440.

  • S. Dural A. Karaşar H. Çetinkaya 2010 The effect of derogation strategies used by females in intrasexual competition on males’ mate preferences Türk Psikoloji Dergisi 25 66 101 117.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • D. Eder J. Enke 1991 The structure of gossip: Opportunities and constraints on collective expression among adolescents American Sociological Review 56 4 494 508.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • N. Etcoff 2000 Survival of the prettiest: The science of beauty Anchor Books New York..

  • M. Fisher A. Cox 2011 Four strategies used during intrasexual competition for mates Personal Relationships 18 1 20 38.

  • M. Fisher A. Cox F. Gordon 2009 Self-promotion versus competitor derogation: the influence of sex and romantic relationship status on intrasexual competition strategy selection Journal of Evolutionary Psychology 7 4 287 308.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Funk, C. (2002): Cutting down the tall poppies: Horizontal violence. Sam Houston State University, United States Department of Education. Retrieved March 10, 2010 from ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED469273.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Funk, C. (2004): Female leaders in educational administration: Sabotage within our own ranks. Advancing Women in Leadership Journal. Retrieved on March 10, 2010 from http://www.advancingwomen.com/awl/winter2004/Funk.html.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Gibbons, S. (2003): Newspaper execs clueless about what women want, retrieved on December 6, 2010 from: http://womensenews.org/article.cfm/dyn/aid/1524/context/archive.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • U. Gneezy M. Niederle A. Rustichini 2003 Performance in competitive environments: Gender differences Quarterly Journal of Economics 118 3 1049 1074.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • L. Goldberg 1990 An alternative “description of personality”: The big-five factor structure Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 59 6 1216.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • M. E. Grabe 2012 News as reality-inducing, survival-relevant, and gender-specific stimuli S. Craig Roberts Applied Evolutionary Psychology Oxford University Press Oxford.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • M. E. Grabe L. Samson 2011 Sexual cues emanating from the anchorette chair: Implications for perceived professionalism, fitness for beat, and memory for news Communication Research 38 4 471 496.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • N. Hess E. Hagen 2006 Sex differences in indirect aggression: Psychological evidence from young adults Evolution and Human Behavior 27 3 231 245.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Hodges-Simeon, C. R., Gaulin, S. J. C., and Puts, D. A. (2010): Voice correlates of mating success in men: examining “contests” versus “mate choice” modes of sexual selection. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 17.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Hogan, R. (1982): A socioanalytic theory of personality. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 5589.

  • Hymowitz, C., and Schellhardt, T. (1986, March 24): The glass ceiling: Why women can't seem to break the invisible barrier that blocks them from the top jobs, The Wall Street Journal, pp. 1D32D.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • M. Inzlicht T. Ben-zeev 2000 A threatening intellectual environment: Why females are susceptible to experiencing problem-solving deficits in the presence of males Psychological Science 11 5 365.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • O. P. John S. Srivastava 1999 The Big Five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and theoretical perspectives L. A. Pervin O. P. John Handbook of personality: Theory and research Guilford Press New York 102 138.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • F. F. Jordan-jackson Y. Lin A. S. Rancer D. A. Infante 2008 Perceptions of males and females’ use of aggressive affirming and nonaffirming messages in an interpersonal dispute: You've come a long way baby? Western Journal of Communication 72 3 239 258.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • R. M. Kanter 1977 Men and women of the corporation Basic Books New York.

  • A. Kessler-harris 1982 Out to work: A history of wage-earning women in the United States Oxford University Press New York, NY.

  • A. Kessler-harris 2007 Gendering labor history University of Illinois Press Urbana, IL.

  • S. Knobloch-westerwick S. Alter 2007 The gender news use divide: Americans’ sextyped selective exposure to online news topics Journal of Communication 57 4 739 758.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • K. Lagerspetz K. Björkqvist T. Peltonen 1988 Is indirect aggression typical of females? Gender differences in aggressiveness in 11-to 12-year-old children Aggressive Behavior 14 6 403 414.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • O. C. H. Lund C. K. Tamnes C. Moestue D. M. Buss M. Vollrath 2007 Tactics of hierarchy negotiation Journal of Research in Personality 41 1 25 44.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • R. R. Mccrae 1990 Traits and trait names: How well is Openness represented in natural languages? European Journal of Personality 4 2 119 129.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • G. Miller 2000 The mating mind: How sexual choice shaped the evolution of human nature Doubleday New York.

  • G. Miller 2009 Spent: Sex, evolution, and consumer behavior Viking Penguin London.

  • R. Mizrahi 2003 Hostility to the presence of women: Why women undermine each other in the workplace and the consequences for title VII Yale Law Journal 113 1579.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • L. Owens R. Shute P. Slee 2000 Guess what I just heard! Indirect aggression among teenage girls in Australia Aggressive Behavior 26 1 67 83.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • B. Peeters 2004 Thou shalt not be a tall poppy: Describing an Australian communicative (and behavioral) norm Intercultural Pragmatics 1 1 71 92.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Pew Research Center (2010): Ideological news sources: Who watches and why, retrieved on December 6, 2010 from: http://people-press.org/report/?pageid=1792.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • S. Pinker 1997 Words and rules in the brain Nature 387 547 548.

  • D. A. Puts 2010 Beauty and the beast: Mechanisms of sexual selection in humans Evolution and Human Behavior 31 157 175.

  • B. Reeves C. Nass 1996 The media equation: How people treat computers, televisions, and new media like real people and places University Press Stanford, CA.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Rowell, P. A. (2007): Lateral violence: Nurse against nurse. American Nurses Association Continuing Education. Retrieved on March 10, 2011 from http://www.nursingworld.org/mods/mod440/lateralfull.htm.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • D. Schmitt 2002 A meta-analysis of sex differences in romantic attraction: Do rating contexts moderate tactic effectiveness judgments? British Journal of Social Psychology 41 3 387 402.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • D. Schmitt D. Buss 1996 Strategic self-promotion and competitor derogation: Sex and context effects on the perceived effectiveness of mate attraction tactics Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 70 1185 1204.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • D. P. Schmitt D. M. Buss 2000 Sexual dimensions of person description: Beyond or subsumed by the Big Five? Journal of Research in Personality 34 2 141 177.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • D. P. Schmitt D. M. Buss 2001 Human mate poaching: Tactics and temptations for infiltrating existing mateships Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 80 6 894.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • S. C. Stearns 1976 Life history tactics: a review of the ideas Quarterly Review of Biology 51 1 3 47.

  • P. D. Trapnell J. S. Wiggins 1990 Extension of the Interpersonal Adjective Scales to include the Big Five dimensions of personality Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 59 4 781 790.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • R. L. Trivers 1871 Parental investment and sexual selection B. Campbell Sexual selection and the descent of man Aldine Chicago 136 179.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • E. C. Tupes R. E. Christal 1992 Recurrent personality factors based on trait ratings Journal of Personality 60 2 225 251.

  • S. Walters C. B. Crawford 1994 The importance of mate attraction for intrasexual competition in men and women Ethology and Sociobiology 15 1 5 30.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Collapse
  • Expand

Journal of Evolutionary Psychology 
Language English
Size  
Year of
Foundation
2007 (2003)
Publication
Programme
changed title
Volumes
per Year
 
Issues
per Year
 
Founder Akadémiai Kiadó
Founder's
Address
H-1117 Budapest, Hungary 1516 Budapest, PO Box 245.
Publisher Akadémiai Kiadó
Publisher's
Address
H-1117 Budapest, Hungary 1516 Budapest, PO Box 245.
Responsible
Publisher
Chief Executive Officer, Akadémiai Kiadó
ISSN 1789-2082 (Print)
ISSN 2060-5587 (Online)