Non-compliance and non-persistence with medication represent a significant problem of realizing the optimal disease management in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Underuse and overuse are both important factors of inadequate therapy. Poor compliance increases the frequency of exacerbations, the number of hospitalizations, results in higher mortality and reduced quality of life. When prescribing medication, besides patient characteristics, the expected compliance and persistence should also be considered. Patient education and a better clinician- patient relationship should increase the effectiveness of treatments.
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