Mammographic breast screening is one of the most popular cancer death preventive programmes worldwide and in Hungary as well. Breast cancer mortality and incidence started to decrease some years after introduction of the screening programme. The role played by mammography in the advantageous turn is not known. Potential points in evaluating the benefits of a screening programme are reviewed. The average lifetime gain is put into focus. For mammography, it does not exceed 1–3 weeks, according to age groups.
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