Besides orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) there is no long-term and effective replacement therapy for severe liver failure. Artificial extracorporeal liver supply devices are able to reduce blood toxin levels, but do not replace any synthetic function of the liver. Molecular adsorbent recirculating system (MARS) is one of the methods that can be used to treat fulminant acute liver failure (ALF) or acute on chronic liver failure (AoCLF). The primary non-function (PNF) of the newly transplanted liver manifests in the clinical settings exactly like acute liver failure. MARS treatment can reduce the severity of complications by eliminating blood toxins, so that it can help hepatic encephalopathy (HE), hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), and the high rate mortality of cerebral herniation. This might serve as a bridging therapy before orthotopic liver retransplantation (reOLT). Three patients after a first liver transplantation became candidate for urgent MARS treatment as a bridging solution prior to reOLT in our center. Authors report these three cases, focusing on indications, MARS sessions, clinical courses, and final outcomes.
1. H.K. Tan 2004 Molecular Absorbent Recirculating System (MARS) Ann Acad Med Singapore 33 329 335.
2. S. Rademacher M. Oppert A. Jörres 2011 Artificial extracorporeal liver support therapy in patients with severe liver failure Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 5 5 591 599.
3. J. Schuller 2010 Szupportív májpótló eljárások a fulmináns májelégtelen ség kezelésében LAM 20 2 137 142.
4. C.J. Karvellas N. Gibney D. Kutsogiannis J. Wendon V.G. Bain 2007 Bench-to-bedside review: Current evidence for extracorporeal albumin dialysis systems in liver failure Crit Care 11 3 215.
5. E.R. Schiff W.C. Maddrey M.F. Sorrell 2012 Schiff's Diseases of the Liver Eleventh Edition Wiley-Blackwell, John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Cvicester, West Sussex, UK.
6. B. Nemes P. Sótonyi G. Lotz A. Heratizadeh F. Gelley C. Doege M. Hubay Z. Schaff B. Nashan 2010 Localization of apoptosis proteins and lymphocyte subsets in chronic rejection of human liver allograft IMAS 2 2 77 84.
7. B. Nemes G. Zádori D. Görög I. Fehérvári L. Kóbori R.M. Langer 2011 Liver transplantation for acute liver failure: The Hungarian experience Transplant Proc 43 4 1278 1280.
8. A. Doros B. Nemes Z. Máthé A. Németh E. Hartmann P. Deák Z. Lénárd D. Görög I. Fehérvári Z. Gerlei J. Fazakas S. Tóth L. Kóbori 2010 Treatment of early hepatic artery complications after adult liver transplantation: A single center experience IMAS 2 4 159 164.
9. K. Rifai M.P. Manns 2006 Review article: Clinical experience with Prometheus Ther Apheresis Dial 10 2 132 137.
10. P. Evenepoel W. Laleman A. Wilmer K. Claes B. Maes D. Kuypers B. Bammens F. Nevens Y. Vanrenterghem 2005 Detoxifying capacity and kinetics of prometheus — A new extracorporeal system for the treatment of liver failure Blood Purif 23 5 349 358.
11. A. Bacher M. Zimpfer 2008 Hot topics in liver intensive care Transplant Proc 40 1179 1182.
12. M.M. Wang S.J. Chen Q.F. Ye Y.J. Yang S.B. Chen X.M. Zhou L.M. Guo Y.X. Zhang X.Q. Ding X.B. Hu H.T. Luo Y.H. Liu W.Y. Wang 2008 Liver support therapy with molecular adsorbents recirculating system in liver failure: A summary of 252 cases from 14 centers in China Chin Med J 121 21 2197 2201.
13. T. Kantola A.M. Koivusalo S. Parmanen K. Höckerstedt H. Isoniemi 2009 Survival predictors in patients treated with a molecular adsorbent recirculating system World J Gastroenterol 15 24 3015 3024.
14. F. Wong N. Raina R. Richardson 2010 Molecular adsorbent recirculating system is ineffective in the management of type 1 hepatorenal syndrome in patients with cirrhosis with ascites who have failed vasoconstrictor treatment Gut 59 3 381 386.
15. G. Novelli M.C. Annesini V. Morabito P. Cinti F. Pugliese S. Novelli V. Piemonte L. Turchetti M. Rossi P.B. Berloco 2009 Cytokine level modifications: Molecular adsorbent recirculating system versus standard medical therapy Transplant Proc 41 1243 1248.
16. F.P. Hessel P. Bramlage J. Wasem S.R. Mitzner 2010 Cost-effectiveness of the artificial liver support system MARS in patients with acute-onchronic liver failure Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 22 2 213 220.
17. T. Kantola M. Ilmakunnas A.M. Koivusalo H. Isoniemi 2011 Bridging therapies and liver transplantation in acute liver failure 10 years of MARS experience from Finland Scand J Surg 100 1 8 13.
18. R. Gaspari F. Cavaliere L. Sollazzi V. Perilli I. Melchionda S. Agnes A. Gasbarrini A.W. Avolio 2009 Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System (MARS) in patients with primary nonfunction and other causes of graft dysfunction after liver transplantation in the era of extended donor criteria Transplant Proc 41 253 258.
19. Y.H. Liu Y. Wang L.X. Yu L.Y. Sun B.L. Feng Z.Y. Shen M.M. Wang 2004 Artificial liver support molecular adsorbents recirculating system therapy as a bridge to re-transplantation in two cases of long anhepatic duration Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 3 2 316 317.
20. Y.T. Ding Q.X. Xu Y.D. Qiu Y.J. Yang 2004 Molecular adsorbent recycling system in treating patients with acute liver failure: a bridge to liver transplantation Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 3 4 508 510.
21. G. Novelli M. Rossi L. Poli V. Morabito A. Bussotti F. Pugliese F. Ruberto S. Novelli G. Mennini P.B. Berloco 2006 Primary nonfunction: timing retransplantation versus hemodynamic parameters and kidney function Transplant Proc 40 1854 1857.