Community Ecology
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 1
Tourism disassembles patterns of co-occurrence and weakens responses to environmental conditions of spider communities on small lake islands
Authors:
W. Ulrich Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń Department of Animal Ecology Gagarina 9 87-100 Toruń Poland

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M. Zalewski Polish Academy of Sciences Centre for Ecological Research M. Konopnickiej 1 Dziekanów Leśny Poland

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I. Hajdamowicz University of Podlasie Department of Zoology Prusa 12 08-110 Siedlce Poland

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M. Stańska University of Podlasie Department of Zoology Prusa 12 08-110 Siedlce Poland

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W. Ciurzycki Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Botany Nowoursynowska 159 02-776 Warsaw Poland

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P. Tykarski University of Warsaw Department of Ecology, Faculty of Biology Banacha 2 02-097 Warsaw Poland

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Pages:
5–12
Online Publication Date:
17 Jun 2010
Publication Date:
01 Jun 2010
Article Category:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1556/comec.11.2010.1.2
Keywords:
Araneae; Community structure; Co-occurrence; C-score; Disturbance; Mazurian Lakes; Species richness
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The impact of disturbance on animal and plant assemblages has been described mainly in terms of aggregate community properties like species richness, abundance, or productivity. However, the question how disturbance acts on species interactions, particularly on patterns of co-occurrence, has received much less attention. Here we use a large pitfall trap sample of spiders from two complexes of lake islands in Northern Poland to show how disturbance by tourist visits affects species richness, composition and co-occurrence. On the pristine and protected islands of Lake Wigry, species co-occurrence was significantly segregated. Further, island species richness and abundances could be predicted from environmental correlates, particularly from island area, soil fertility and humidity. In turn, on the lake islands that are frequently visited by tourists, species co-occurrences were random and environmental correlates other than island area failed to predict species richness and abundances. However, species composition, α-, β-, and γ-diversities, as well as average local spider abundances did not significantly differ between both island complexes. Our results show that disturbance disassembles the structure of spider communities prior to visible richness and abundance effects. This result has implications for biological conservation. The detection of community disassembly might be an early sign for factors that act negatively on ecosystem functioning.

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Cover Community Ecology
Community Ecology An Interdisciplinary Journal Reporting Progress in Community and Population Studies
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Community Ecology
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