Acta Historiae Artium Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae
Volume/Issue:
Volume 62: Issue 1
Jean de Berry’s Croix Couverte at Beaucaire (Gard) in its Pan-European Architectural-Cultural Contexts
Author:
Achim Timmermann University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA

Search for other papers by Achim Timmermann in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
Pages:
17–38
Online Publication Date:
07 Apr 2022
Publication Date:
07 Apr 2022
Article Category:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1556/170.2021.00003
Keywords:
Late medieval Languedoc; Avignon; Flamboyant Gothic; Jean de Valois; Duke of Berry (reg. 1360–1416); roadside monuments; wayside crosses; ciboria and honorific baldachins; International Gothic; Très Riches Heures
Restricted access

This contribution explores a remarkable but very much understudied late medieval roadside monument, the so-called Croix Couverte near Beaucaire in the eastern Languedoc. not only is it one of the earliest extant structures erected in the novel Flamboyant Gothic style, it can also be conclusively linked to the patronage of Jean de Valois, Duke of Berry from 1360, and resident as Lieutenant du Roi at Beaucaire from 1382 to 1384. This study investigates the Croix within several rings of inquiry, which gradually widen as the discussion proceeds, beginning with its local context, and proceeding with a detailed examination of the monument’s place within several architectural traditions (roadside furniture, covered crosses especially; ciboria and honorific baldachins). In order to better comprehend its cutting-edge design, the Croix is then positioned within broader (micro-)architectural trends around 1400, a period often referred to as the age of International Gothic. The final part is devoted to some of the architecturally themed miniatures in Jean de Berry’s famous book of hours, the Très Riches Heures, which reflect and refract many of the broader themes of this study, including the “signing” of landscapes through roadside monuments; the simultaneous control and sanctification of certain locales; and the late medieval fascination with turriform and ciboriform structures in the framing of both the sacred and the political.

  • Bastardes, Albert: Les creus al vent, Barcelona, 1983.

  • Baudoin, Jacques: Croix du Massif Central, nonette, 2000.

  • Bø, Ragnhild Marthine: Det gotiske ciboriet i Roma 1285–1370: Romersk tradisjon og fransk innflytelse, Konsthistorisk tidskrift 74. 2005. 25–48.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Bogdanovic´, Jelena: The Framing of Sacred Space: The Canopy and the Byzantine Church, Oxford, 2017.

  • Böker, Johann Josef: Architektur der Gotik: Bestandskatalog der weltgrößten Sammlung an gotischen Baurissen (Legat Franz Jäger) im Kupferstichkabinett der Akademie der bildenden Künste in Wien, Vienna, 2006.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Bork, Robert: Great Spires: Skyscrapers of the New Jerusalem, Cologne, 2003.

  • Bork, Robert: The Geometry of Creation: Architectural Drawing and the Dynamics of Gothic Design, Farnham, 2011.

  • Bork, Robert: Late Gothic Architecture: Its Evolution, Extinction, and Reception, Turnhout, 2018.

  • Bottineau, Yves: L’architecture des premiers Valois, Gazette des beaux-arts 82. 1973. 237–262.

  • Breck, Joseph: The Cloisters: A Brief Guide, new York, 1927.

  • Buis, Micheline: Un exemple de mobilier d’Église carolingien: le fragment de ciborium de Die, Revue drőmoise 83. 1980. 231–234.

  • Castán, Adolfo: Lugares mágicos del Altoaragón, huesca, 2000.

  • Cohen, Meredith: The Sainte-Chapelle and the Construction of Sacral Monarchy: Royal Architecture in Thirteenth-Century Paris, new York, 2015.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Contestin, Maurice: Le château de Beau-caire, Bulletin monumental 131. 1973. 129–136.

  • Creissen, Thomas: Le ciborium de Saint-Julien de Brioude et l’activité édilitaire dans la basilique à l’époque carolingienne, in Brioude aux temps carolingiens: Actes du colloque international organisé par la ville de Brioude, 13–15 septembre 2007. Ed. Dubreucq, Alain. Le Puy-en-Velay, 2010. 393–405.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Crozet, René: À propos du château de Poitiers, Bulletin de la Société des Antiquaires de l’Ouest et des musées de Poitiers 11. 1971–1972. 235–236.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Currie, Christina: Genesis of a pre-Eyckian Masterpiece: Melchior Broederlam’s Painted Wings for the ‘Crucifixion Altarpiece,’ in Contributions to Fifteenth-Century Painting in the Southern Netherlands and the Principality of Liège, II: Essays. Ed. Stroo – Cyriel. Brussels, 2009. 23–86.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Danz Stirnemann, Patricia: Les Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry et l’enluminure en France au début du XV siècle, Paris, 2004.

  • De Blaauw, Sible: Arnolfo’s high Altar Ciboria and Roman Liturgical Traditions, in Arnolfo’s Moment: Acts of an International Conference, Florence, Villa I Tatti, May 26–27. Ed. Friedman, David. Florence, 2009. 123–140.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Dilba, Carsten: Memoria reginae: Das Memorialprogramm für Eleonore von Kastilien, hildesheim, 2009.

  • Dückers, Rob: The Limbourg Brothers: Nijmegen Masters at the French Court, Gent, 2006.

  • Dückers, Rob – Roelofs, Pieter: The Limbourg Brothers: Reflections on the Origins and Legacy of Three Illuminators from Nijmegen, Leiden, 2009.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Durand, Jannic: La Grande Châsse aux reliques, in Le trésor de la Sainte-Chapelle, exhibition catalogue, Musée du Louvre, Paris, 2001. 107–112.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Durand, Jannic: Les reliquaries de la Grande Châsse, in Le trésor de la Sainte-Chapelle, exhibition catalogue, Musée du Louvre, Paris, 2001. 113–122.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Favreau, Robert: Jean de Berry et la ville de Poitiers, in Fürstliche Residenzen im spätmittelalterlichen Europa. Eds. Patze, Hans – Paravacini, Werner. Sigmaringen, 1991. 103–135.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Finiello Zervas, Diane: Andrea Orcagna: il tabernacolo di Orsanmichele, Modena, 2006.

  • Fraga Sampedro, Maria Dolores: El Padrão do Salado en el contexto del gótico galaicoportugués, in Estudios sobre patrimonio artístico: homenaje del departamento de Historia del Arte y de la Facultad de Geografía e Historia de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela a la Prof. Dra. Ma. del Socorro Ortega Romero. Eds. Barral Rivadulla, Maria Dolores – López Vázquez, José Manuel. Santiago de Compostela, 2002. 231–258.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Fricke, Beate: Reliquien und Reproduktion: Zur Präsentation der Passionsreliquien aus der SainteChapelle (Paris) im Reliquiario del Libretto (Florenz) von 1501, in Reproduktion: Techniken und Ideen von der Antike bis heute: Eine Einführung. Ed. Probst, Jörg. Berlin, 2011. 34–57.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Fuchs, Friedrich: Das Hauptportal des Regensburger Domes: Portal, Vorhalle, Skulptur, Munich– Zürich, 1990.

  • Gajewski, Alexandra: Art and Architecture in Avignon during the Great Schism: Remarks on Clement VII’s Foundations of St-Martial and St-Pierre-Célestin, in Vom Weichen über den Schönen Stil zur Ars Nova: Neue Beiträge zur europäischen Kunst zwischen 1350 und 1470. Eds Fajt, Jiří – Hörsch, Markus. Vienna–Cologne–Weimar, 2018. 97–115.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Guido, Sante: Il restauro del ciborio di Arnolfo di Cambio, Annali della Pontifica insigne Accademia di Belle Arti e Lettere dei Virtuosi al Pantheon 9. 2009. 375–382.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Hassmann, Elisabeth: Meister Michael: Baumeister der Herzöge von Österreich, Vienna, 2002.

  • Heiduck, Hermann: Die Architektur der mittelalterlichen Kirchen im ostfriesischen Küstenraum, Au-rich, 2009.

  • Höfler, Janez: Gotik in Slowenien, Ljubljana, 1995.

  • Hubel, Achim: Die gotischen Baldachinaltäre in den nebenchören des Regensburger Domes, Jahrbuch des Vereins für Christliche Kunst in München 16. 1987. 39–55.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Huber, Markus Tobias: Die Westfassade des Regensburger Domes: Konvention und Innovation in einem spätmittelalterlichen Hüttenbetrieb, Regensburg, 2014.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • I Moragon, Francesc Perez: Arquitectura gótica valenciana, Valencia, 1991.

  • Joudou, Jean Baptiste Marie: Avignon, son histoire, ses papes, ses monuments et ses environs, Avignon, 1842.

  • Kováč, Peter: Die Dornenkrone Christi und die Sainte-Chapelle in Paris, Umění 59. 2011. 462–479.

  • Kovács, Éva: The Calvary of King Matthias Corvinus in the Treasury of Esztergom Cathedral, Budapest, 1983.

  • Kovács, Éva: L’âge d’or de l’orfèvrerie parisienne au temps des princes de Valois, Dijon, 2004.

  • Kreytenberg, Gert: Orcagna’s Tabernacle in Orsanmichele, Florence, new York, 1994.

  • Kurmann-Schwarz, Brigitte: La Sainte-Chapelle de Riom et ses vitreaux, in Congrès Archéologique de France: Basse-Auvergne; 158e session 2000. Paris, 2003. 339–349.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Lefèvre-Pontalis, Eugène: La Croix Couverte de Villeneuve-lès-Avignon, Bulletin monumental 81. 1922. 428–429.

  • Lehmann, Edgar – Schubert, Ernst: Dom und Severikirche in Erfurt, Leipzig, 1988.

  • Lombard, Olivier: La Croix Couverte, in Beaucaire: Notes historiques et archéologiques. Eds. Lom-Bard, Olivier – Roche, Jean. Beaucaire, 1974. 31–32.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Marcattili, Francesco: Tetrastyla: Ipotesi sull’origine del ciborio d’altare, Rivista di Archeologia Cristiana 87–88. 2011/2012. 147–173.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Mercier, Pierre-Marie: La mémoire de la famille de heu à Ennery, Les Cahier lorrains 1–2. 2014. 8–15.

  • Monferini, Augusta: Il ciborio lateran-ense e Giovanni di Stefano, Commentari: Rivista di critica e storia dell’arte 34. 1962. 182–212.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Moskowitz, Anita F.: Arnolfo, nonArnolfo: new (And Some Old) Observations on the Ciborium in San Paolo fuori le mura, Gesta 37. 1998. 88–102.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Nannelli, Francesca, ed.: Il tabernacolo dell’Orcagna in Orsanmichele, Firenze, Livorno, 2006.

  • Peskar, Robert: Prague – Vienna – Ptujska Gora: The Origins of Forms in the Architecture around 1400 in Slovenia and the Problems of Authorship, in Art and Architecture around 1400: Global and Regional Perspectives. Eds. Ciglenečcki, Marjeta – Vidmar, Polona. Maribor, 2012. 227–237.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Pieper, Jan: Das Ziborium der Abteikirche Maria Laach: Form und Konstruktion, Funktion und Bedeutung, Aachen–Berlin, 2016.

  • Rautenberg, Anneliese: Mittelalterliche Brunnen in Deutschland, Freiburg i. Br., 1965.

  • Raynaud, Clémence: Guy de Dampmartin et la genèse du gothique flamboyant en France, Cahiers archéologiques 20. 2002. 185–200.

  • Reboul, Michel: La Croix couverte de Beau-caire, Bulletin de la Sociétéd’histoire et d’archéologie de Beaucaire 125. 1995. 27–31.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Requin, Pierre Henri: Ferrier Bernard à Avignon, Paris, 1891.

  • Ribault, Jean-Yves: Les maîtres d’œuvre de la Sainte-Chapelle de Bourges, in Le palais et son décor au temps de Jean de Berry. Ed. Salamagne, Alain. Tours, 2010. 25–32.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Roche, Jean: La Croix couverte de Beaucaire, Beaucaire, 2006.

  • Roche, Daniel: Beaucaire: Carrefour de l’histoire, Toulouse, 2010.

  • Sanfaçon, Roland: L’architecture flamboyante en France, Québec, 1971.

  • Sapač, Eva: Cerkev in spomeniško varstvo, in Marija Zacetnica na Ptujski Gori: Zgodovina in umetnostna zapuščina romarske cerkve. Eds. Ciglenečki, Marjeta – Höfler, Janez. Maribor, 2011. 203–230.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Sauerländer, Willibald: Architecture gothique et mise en scène des reliques: l’exemple de la Sainte-Chapelle, in La Sainte-Chapelle de Paris: Royaume de France ou Jérusalem Céleste; Actes du Colloque (Paris, Collège de France, 2001). Ed. Hediger, Christine. Turn-hout, 2007. 113–136.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Scungio, Elisabetta: Il ciborio di San Paolo fuori le mura: osservazioni sulla decorazione interna, Arte medievale 6. 2007. 85–104.

  • Schellewald, Barbara: Konstantinopel – Paris: Ein Schatz im neuen Gewand, in … das Heilige sichtbar machen: Domschätze in Vergangenheit, Gegen-wart und Zukunft. Ed. Wendlend, Ulrike. Regensburg, 2010. 161–180.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Schmelzer, Monika: Der mittelalterliche Lettner im deutschsprachigen Raum: Typologie und Funktion, Petersberg, 2004.

  • Schrader, J. L.: George Grey Barnard: The Cloisters and the Abbaye, Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 37. 1979. 2–52.

  • Smith, E. Baldwin: The Dome: A Study in the History of Ideas, Princeton, 1950.

  • Smith, E. Baldwin: Architectural Symbolism of Imperial Rome in the Middle Ages, Princeton, 1956.

  • Smith, Molly Teasdale: The Development of the Altar Canopy in Rome, Rivista di Archaeologia Cristiana 49–50. 1973/1974. 379–414.

  • Starr-Lebeau, Gretchen D.: In the Shadow of the Virgin: Inquisitors, Friars, and Conversos in Guadelupe Spain, Princeton, 2003.

  • Timmermann, Achim: Das Taufziborium im Ulmer Münster: Studien zur Kleinarchitektur der Gotik, Ulm und Oberschwaben 52. 2001. 9–18.

  • Timmermann, Achim: Microarchitecture and Mystical Death: The Font Ciborium of St. Mary’s in Luton, in The Year 1300 and the Creation of a New European Architecture. Eds. Gajewski, Alexandra – Opačić, Zoë. Turnhout, 2007. 133–142.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Timmermann, Achim: nostalgia for Paradise: Microarchitecture, Baptism, and the Font Ciborium of St. Severus in Erfurt, Biuletyn Historii Sztuki 69. 2007. 177–188.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Timmermann, Achim: Real Presence: Sacrament Houses and the Body of Christ, c. 1270–1600, Turnhout, 2009.

  • Timmermann, Achim: Freedom I Do Reveal to You: Scale, Microarchitecture and the Rise of the Turriform Civic Monument in Fourteenth-Century northern Europe, Art History 38. 2015. 324–345.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Timmermann, Achim: Memory and Redemption: Public Monuments and the Making of Late Medieval Landscape, Turnhout, 2017.

  • Timmermann, Achim: Of Trees and Shrines in Sixteenth-Century Transalpine Europe, Umĕní 67. 2019. 150–167.

  • Timmermann, Achim: The Microarchitectural Stage-Management of Baptism from Lateran IV to the Counter-Reformation, The Journal of Ecclesiastical History 71. 2020. 527–561.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Timmermann, Achim: Sacred Mountaineering and the Imagery of Ascent from Catalonia to Provence, c. 1370–c. 1520, Inquiries into Art, History, and the Visual 1. 2020. 11–62.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Trnek, Helmut: “ein köstlich creuz, so von dem haus Burgundi herkomt”: Fragen zum Vorbesitz der Esztergomer Kalvarie, nebst einigen Bemerkungen zu den Anfängen des Maleremails im Dienste der heraldik, in Studien zur europäischen Goldschmiedekunst des 14. bis 20. Jahrhunderts: Festschrift für Helmut Seling zum 80. Geburtstag am 12. Februar 2001. Eds. Eikelmann, Renate – Schommers, Annette. Munich, 2001. 201–220.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Vernard, Marc: Itinéraires de processions de la ville d’Avignon, Ethnologie française 7. 1977. 55–62.

  • Verspohl, Franz-Joachim: “Munus spirituale–signum vivice crucis”: Synkretistische Elemente des Matthias-Kreuzes in Esztergom. Acta Historiae Artium 33. 1987/88. 105–130.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Vieillard-Troïekouroff, May: Les chancels et le ciborium de la cathédrale de Metz de l’évêque Chrodegang (742–766), Monuments et mémoires de la Fondation Eugène Piot 70. 1989. 55–69.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Wagner, Pierre-Edouard: Les croix de Sire nicole Louve, Mémoires de l’Académie nationale de Metz. 2000. 133–155.

  • Weber, Marga: Baldachine und Statuenschreine, Rome, 1990.

  • Weinberger, Martin: The George Grey Barnard Collection, new York, 1938.

  • Weiss, Daniel H.: Art and Crusade in the Age of Saint Louis, Cambridge, 1998.

  • Collapse
  • Expand
Cover Acta Historiae Artium Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae
Acta Historiae Artium Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae
Print ISSN:
0001-5830
Online ISSN:
1588-2608

Senior editors

Editor-in-Chief: Lővei, Pál

Editorial Board

  • Lővei, Pál (Bölcsészettudományi Kutatóközpont, Művészettörténeti Intézet)
  • Bodnár, Szilvia (Szépművészeti Múzeum)
  • Boreczky, Anna (Országos Széchényi Könyvtár)
  • Sisa, József (Bölcsészettudományi Kutatóközpont, Művészettörténeti Intézet)
  • Takács, Imre (ELTE BTK Művészettörténeti Intézet)
  • Wetter, Evelin (Abegg-Stiftung)

Acta Historiae Artium
P.O. Box 27
HU–1250 Budapest,Hungary
Phone: (06 1) 375 0493
Fax: (06 1) 356 1849
E-mail: Lovei.Pal@btk.mta.hu

Indexing and Abstracting Services:

  • Historical Abstracts
  • International Bibliographies IBZ and IBR

 

 

Acta Historiae Artium
Publication Model Hybrid
Submission Fee none
Article Processing Charge 1100 EUR
Printed Color Illustrations 40 EUR (or 10 000 HUF) + VAT / piece
Subscription fee 2025 Online subsscription: 530 EUR / 583 USD
Print + online subscription: 599 EUR / 659 USD
Subscription Information Online subscribers are entitled access to all back issues published by Akadémiai Kiadó for each title for the duration of the subscription, as well as Online First content for the subscribed content.
Purchase per Title Individual articles are sold on the displayed price.

Acta Historiae Artium
Language English
French
German
Italian
Size A4
Year of
Foundation		 1953
Volumes
per Year		 1
Issues
per Year		 1
Founder Magyar Tudományos Akadémia   
Founder's
Address		 H-1051 Budapest, Hungary, Széchenyi István tér 9.
Publisher Akadémiai Kiadó
Publisher's
Address		 H-1117 Budapest, Hungary 1516 Budapest, PO Box 245.
Responsible
Publisher		 Chief Executive Officer, Akadémiai Kiadó
ISSN 0001-5830 (Print)
ISSN 1588-2608 (Online)

Monthly Content Usage

Abstract Views Full Text Views PDF Downloads
Jun 2024 30 0 1
Jul 2024 34 1 1
Aug 2024 28 3 4
Sep 2024 47 0 0
Oct 2024 76 1 1
Nov 2024 46 2 2
Dec 2024 11 0 0

REVIEW

HELMUT PHILIPP RIEDL: ANTIVEDUTO DELLA GRAMMATICA (1570/71–1626). LEBEN UND WERK München–Berlin: Deutscher Kunstverlag, 1998, 241 S., 8 Farbtafeln, 135 Schwarz-weiß Abbildungen

Author:
ÉVA NYERGES