Enhancement of Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitutions by the Synergistic Effects of Microcavitation and Continuous-Flow Chemistry

Chi-Lik Ken Lee; Zhi-Yu Sem; Hendra Hendra; Xiaoqian Liu; Wei Lek Kwan

doi:10.1556/jfc-d-13-00015

Journal of Flow Chemistry

Volume/Issue:: Volume 3: Issue 4

Enhancement of Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitutions by the Synergistic Effects of Microcavitation and Continuous-Flow Chemistry

Authors: Chi-Lik Ken Lee¹, Zhi-Yu Sem², Hendra Hendra³, Xiaoqian Liu¹, and Wei Lek Kwan⁴

View More View Less

¹ Center for Biomedical and Life Sciences, Singapore Polytechnic, 500, Dover Road, 139651, Singapore
² School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Singapore Polytechnic, 500, Dover Road, 139651, Singapore
³ School of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, Singapore Polytechnic, 500, Dover Road, 139651, Singapore
⁴ Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 20, Dover Drive, 138682, Singapore

DOI:: https://doi.org/10.1556/jfc-d-13-00015

Page Count:: 114–117

Publication Date:: 13 Dec 2013

Online Publication Date:: 13 Dec 2013

Article Category:: Research Article

Restricted access

Abstract

An ultrasound irradiated continuous-flow system was developed to accelerate chemical reaction by cavitation effect. Nucleophilic aromatic substitutions were performed, and the results showed that ultrasound irradiated is superior over generic heating in a continuous-flow system. The combination of micro-cavitation and flow chemistry synergistically enhanced the reaction yield and rate while maintaining the reaction at a much lower temperature.