The paper focuses on the effects of EU’s Eastern Enlargement of 2004 on trade convergence within the EU and among the new member states from Central and Eastern Europe (CEE-8). Using sigma-convergence approach, it finds evidence of convergence of exports and imports per capita as well as of productivity levels associated with the member states’ export baskets. Convergence of territorial and commodity structures of trade has not occurred; conversely, divergence has been observed, leading to the possible conclusion that multinational companies have adjusted their production structure in facilities across the EU to achieve higher economies of scale. Correlation analysis shows that revealed comparative advantages of the old and new member states have come closer to each other. As an example, the paper also offers a brief comparison of trade development in two CEE-8 countries, Latvia and Slovakia, after their entry into the EU.
Alesina, A. – Wacziarg, R. (1998): Openness, Country Size and Government. Journal of Public Economics 69(3): 305–321.
Balassa, B. (1965): Trade Liberalisation and “Revealed” Comparative Advantage. The Manchester School 33(2): 99–123.
Bandasz, K. (2013): Poland and Slovakia during the Economic Crisis 2008–2010. Society and Economy 35(2): 141–165.
Barrell, R. – Pain, N. (1999): Domestic Institutions, Agglomerations and Foreign Direct Investment in Europe. European Economic Review 43(4–6): 925–934.
Barro, R. J. – Sala-i-Martin, X. (1992): Convergence. Journal of Political Economy 100(2): 223–251.
Ben-David, D. (1996): Trade and Convergence among Countries. Journal of International Economics 40(3–4): 279–298.
Benkovskis, K. – Wörz, J. (2012): Non-Price Competitiveness Gains of Central, Eastern and Southeastern European Countries in the EU Market. Focus on European Economic Integration 2012(3): 27–46.
Capello, R. – Perucca, G. (2014): Openness to Globalization and Regional Growth Patterns in CEE Countries: From the EU Accession to the Economic Crisis. Journal of Common Market Studies 53(2): 218–236.
Cavenaile, L. – Dubois, D. (2011): An Empirical Analysis of Income Convergence in the European Union. Applied Economics Letters 18(17): 1705–1708.
Curran, L. – Zignago, S. (2012): EU Enlargement and the Evolution of European Production Networks. Research in International Business and Finance 26(2): 240–257.
Deardorff, A. (2014): Revealed comparative advantage. In: Deardorff, A. (ed.): Deardorff′s Glossary of International Economics, http://www-personal.umich.edu/~alandear/glossary/r.html#rca2, accessed 23 June 2015.
Dudas, T. (2010): Najnovšie trendy v príleve priamych zahraničnych investícií na Slovensko. [The Newest Trends in FDI Flows to Slovakia]. Journal of International Relations 8(2): 81–90.
Egger, P. – Pfaffermayr, M. (2013): The Pure Effects of European Integration on Intra-EU Core and Periphery Trade. The World Economy 36(6): 701–712.
Friedman, M. (1992): Do Old Fallacies Ever Die? Journal of Economic Literature 30(4): 2129–2132.
Grancay, M. (2013): Eastern Enlargement of the European Union – Changes in Trade Structure and its Instability. Academic Review of Economics and Administration Sciences 6(2): 75–89.
Hausmann, R. – Hwang, J. – Rodrik, D. (2007): What You Export Matters. Journal of Economic Growth 12(1): 1–25.
Hornok, C. (2010): Trade-Enhancing EU Enlargement and the Resurgence of East-East Trade. Focus on European Economic Integration 10(3): 79–94.
Kasman, A. – Kasman, S. (2013): Efficiency Convergence in All EU Member and Candidate Countries’ Banking Markets. Eastern European Economics 51(3): 50–70.
Levchenko, A. – Zhang, J. (2012): Comparative Advantage and the Welfare Impact of European Integration. NBER Working Paper, no. 18061.
Lindenblatt, A. – Feuerstein, S. (2012): Price Convergence after the Eastern EU Enlargement: Evidence from European Retail Food Prices, Working Paper, February 14th 2012, http://www. uni-heidelberg.de/md/awi/professuren/aussenw/priceconvergence.pdf, accessed 23 June 2015.
Manea, J. – Pearce, R. (2006): MNE’s Strategies in Central and Eastern Europe: Key Elements of Subsidiary Behaviour. Management International Review 46(2): 235–255.
Minondo, A. (2010): Exports’ Quality-Adjusted Productivity and Economic Growth. Journal of Inter national Trade & Economic Development 19(2): 257–287.
Monfort, P. (2008): Convergence of EU Regions – Measures and Evolution. European Union Regional Policy Working Paper, no. 1/2008.
Pogatsa, Z. (2009): Tatra Tiger Growth Miracle or Belated Recovery? Acta Oeconomica 59(4): 377–390.
Polgar, E. K. – Woerz, J. (2011): Trade with Central and Eastern Europe: Is It Really a Threat to Wages in the West? DANUBE: Law and Economics Review 2011(1): 1–31.
Quah, D. T. (1993): Galton’s Fallacy and the Convergence Hypothesis. Scandinavian Journal of Economics 95(4): 427–443.
Redding, S. (1999): Dynamic Comparative Advantage and the Welfare Effects of Trade. Oxford Economic Papers 51(1): 15–39.
Rugraff, E. – Hansen, M. W. (2011): Multinational Corporations and Local Firms in Emerging Economies. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
Skribane, I. – Jekabsone, S. (2013): Structural Changes in the Economy of Latvia after it Joined the European Union. Intellectual Economics 7(1): 29–41.
Szikorova, N. (2012): Development of the Chinese-Slovak Economic Relations. Journal of USChina Public Administration 9(12): 1368–1376.
Ucak, H. (2012): The Catch-up Process of Relative Wages in European Union New Member States. Ekonomicky casopis 60(4): 360–370.
UNCTAD (2012): A Practical Guide to Trade Policy Analysis. New York: United Nations Publications.
UNCTAD (2014): UNCTADSTAT, http://unctadstat.unctad.org/, accessed 23 June 2015.
Vojinovic, B. – Oplotnik, Z. – Prochniak, M. (2010): EU Enlargement and Real Economic Convergence. Post-Communist Economies 22(3): 303–322.
Wieclawski, J. (2010): The Eastern Enlargement of the European Union: Fears, Challenges, and Reality. Globality Studies Journal – Global History, Society, Civilization 5(15): 1–11.
Zarotiadis, G. – Gkagka, A. (2013): European Union: a Diverging Union? Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 35(4): 537–567.