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Soheil Biglari
s.biglari@ut.ac.ir
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5532-1491
Soheil Biglari
Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Exercise Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran , Islamic Republic of Iran
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Alireza Ghardashi Afousi
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5075-2225
Alireza Ghardashi Afousi
Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Exercise Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran , Islamic Republic of Iran
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Farnoosh Mafi
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7722-9960
Farnoosh Mafi
Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Exercise Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran , Islamic Republic of Iran
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Fatemeh Shabkhiz
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1183-9517
Fatemeh Shabkhiz
Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Exercise Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran , Islamic Republic of Iran
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Abstract
Objective
It has been shown that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) leads to skeletal muscle hypertrophy; however, its mechanisms of cellular and molecular regulation are still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of HIIT on muscle hypertrophy and major signal transduction pathways.
Design
12 male rats were randomly divided into two groups: control and HIIT. The exercise group performed 30-min HIIT in each session (5 × 4-min intervals running at 85–95% VO2max separated by 2-min active rest at 55–60% VO2max), 3 days/week for 8 weeks. Muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) and the expression of signal transduction pathway proteins were determined in the gastrocnemius muscle.
Results
In the HIIT group, the expression of IGF-I, IGF-IR Akt, p-Akt, AMPKα, p-AMPKα and follistatin increased significantly, whereas a significant decrease was observed in the expression of FoxO1, p-FoxO1, myostatin, ActRIIB, Smad2/3 and p-Smad2/3 (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences between the HIIT and control groups in the expression of mTOR, p-mTOR, P70S6K, and p-P70S6K (P > 0.05). In addition, CSA and gastrocnemius muscle weight increased significantly in the HIIT group (P < 0.05).
Conclusions
HIIT induced muscle hypertrophy by improving IGF-I/Akt/FoxO and myostatin/Smad signal transduction pathways.
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