Az izocitrát dehidrogenáz 1 és 2 szomatikus mutációk az akut myeloid leukémia visszatérő genetikai eltérései, tágabb értelemben vett epigenetikus hatásmóddal. Az irodalomban ellentmondó adatok szerepelnek arra vonatkozóan, hogy e szerzett genetikai eltérések pre-leukémiás, leukémia alapító vagy domináns klónban alakulnak ki.
Tanulmányunk célja az izocitrát dehidrogenáz 1 és 2 mutációk gyakoriságának, egyéb genetikai eltérésekkel való társulásának, illetve a diagnózis és relapszusminta párokban észlelt stabilitásának vizsgálata akut myeloid leukémiában.
A vizsgálatba 2001–2018 között Intézményünkben konszekutívan diagnosztizált és kezelt 748 akut myeloid leukémiában szenvedő beteget vontunk be. A mutációk vizsgálata komplex algoritmus szerint történt, olvadásigörbe-analízissel, allélspecifikus polimeráz-láncreakcióval és Sanger-szekvenálással.
A betegek 8,6%-a (64/748) rendelkezett izocitrát dehidrogenáz 1 mutációval és 11%-a (82/748) izocitrát dehidrogenáz 2 mutációval. Mindkét mutáció főként normál kariotípussal társult (58,3%, p = 0,0135; 58,1% p = 0,006) a mutációnegatívakhoz (39,3%) képest. Az izocitrát dehidrogenáz 1 mutációk 52,4%-a (p < 0,001), az izocitrát dehidrogenáz 2 mutációk 39%-a (p < 0,001) nucleophosminmutációval együtt fordult elő (a mutációnegatív betegekhez képest: 24.3%). Az izocitrát dehidrogenáz 1 mutáció 96,2%-ban (102/106), az izocitrát dehidrogenáz 2 97,4% (111/114) stabilan jelen volt a diagnózisos és relapszusos mintapárokban.
Vizsgálataink megerősítették, hogy az izocitrát dehidrogenáz mutációk az akut myeloid leukémia leggyakoribb genetikai eltérései közé tartoznak (19,5%). A mutációk stabil jelenléte a diagnózis és relapszusminta párokban a mutáció korai kialakulását sugallja (pre-leukémiás vagy leukémiaalapító). Ezek a megfigyelések hangsúlyozzák az izocitrát dehidrogenáz mutációk vizsgálatának szerepét a célzott terápia kiválasztásában és a mérhető reziduális betegség követésében akut myeloid leukémiában.
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