Central European Geology
Volume/Issue:
Volume 57: Issue 3
Leaching of microelement contaminants in a long-term field study
Author:
Imre Kádár

Search for other papers by Imre Kádár in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
Pages:
287–296
Online Publication Date:
03 Mar 2015
Publication Date:
01 Sep 2014
Article Category:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1556/ceugeol.57.2014.3.4
Keywords:
soil pollution; microelements; long-term experiment; leaching
Restricted access

A field experiment with microelement loads was set up on loamy-textured, calcareous chernozem soil formed on loess. The ploughed layer contained about 5% CaCO3 and 3% humus. The soil was well supplied with Ca, Mg, Mn and Cu, moderately supplied with N and K, and weakly supplied with P and Zn. The water table is at the depth of 15 m, the water-balance of the area is negative, and the site is drought-sensitive. Salts of the 13 examined microelements were applied at 4 levels in the spring of 1991.Treatments were arranged in split-plot design, in a total of 104 plots with two replications. Loading rates were 0, 90, 270 and 810 kg/ha per elements in the form of AlCl3, NaAsO2, BaCl2, CdSO4, K2CrO4, CuSO4, HgCl2, (NH4)6Mo7O24, NiSO4, Pb(NO3)2, Na2SeO3, SrSO4, and ZnSO4. Soil profiles of the control and the 810 kg/ha treatment were sampled in the 3rd, 6th and 10th year of the trial. The mixed samples, consisting of 5 cores/plot, were taken every 30 cm to the depth of 60 (1993), 90 (1996) and 290 (2000) cm. NH4-acetate + EDTA-soluble element content was determined. The scheme for vertical movement of soluble elements in soil profile as a function of time is shown in Fig. 1. The main conclusions of the study can be drawn as follows:

  1. 1. On contaminated soil with 810 kg/ha loading rates, As, Hg, Ni, Cu, Pb, Ba and Sr displayed no significant vertical movement. The movement of these elements is blocked in the soil-plant system: their accumulation in the above-ground plant parts usually remains below 5–10 mg/kg D.M., with the exception of Ba and Sr which showed a somewhat higher accumulation. On this soil the above elements do not seem to be dangerous contaminants either to soil, groundwater or plants. Extreme As and Hg loads, however, resulted in phytotoxicity in some plants.
  2. 2. Moderate extent of leaching occurs in the case of Zn and Cd, when they are enriched significantly. Their accumulation was moderate in the above-ground plant parts. Zn is not a dangerous pollutant either for soil, plants or groundwater at this site. Cd, however, is a very dangerous element from the human toxicological point of view and more extreme Cd loads also proved to be toxic for soil life, crops yield and quality.
  3. 3. Cr, Se, and Mo (in the form of chromate, selenate and molybdenate anions) exhibited great mobility in the soil and partly in the soil-plant system. Cr was hardly detectable in the above-ground floral parts. Its rapid leaching, however, can jeopardize groundwater quality. Se showed hyperaccumulation in all plant organs with high toxicity for all kind of crops. Mo also showed two or three orders of magnitude greater accumulation in plant parts, resulting in products unfit for animal or human consumption. Under our experimental conditions Cr(VI), Se, Mo can be classified as dangerous contaminants, since the anion forms remained stabile for a long time in this well-aerated calcareous environment.

  • Csathó, P. 1994: A környezet nehézfém szennyezettsége és az agrártermelés. Tematikus szakirodalmi szemle (Heavy metal contamination of the environment and agricultural production. A thematic literature review). - Akaprint, Budapest, 182 pp.

    Csathó P. , '', in A környezet nehézfém szennyezettsége és az agrártermelés. Tematikus szakirodalmi szemle , (1994 ) -.

  • Csillag, J., A. Lukács, E. Molnár, K. Bujtás, K. Rajkai 1994: Study of heavy metal loading of soils in a model experiment. - Agrokémia és Talajtan, 43, pp. 196–210.

    Rajkai K. , 'Study of heavy metal loading of soils in a model experiment ' (1994 ) 43 Agrokémia és Talajtan : 196 -210 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Kádár, I. 1994–1995: Effect of heavy metal load on soil and crop. - Acta Agronomica Hungarica, 43, pp. 3–9.

    Kádár I. , 'Effect of heavy metal load on soil and crop ' (1994 ) 43 Acta Agronomica Hungarica : 3 -9 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Kádár, I. 1995: A talaj-növény-állat-ember tápláléklánc szennyeződése kémiai elemekkel Magyarországon (The contamination of the soil-plant-animal-human food chain with chemical elements in Hungary). - KTM-MTA TAKI, Budapest, 388 pp.

    Kádár I. , '', in A talaj-növény-állat-ember tápláléklánc szennyeződése kémiai elemekkel Magyarországon , (1995 ) -.

  • Kádár, I., H. Daood 2001: Mikroelem-terhelés hatása a búzára karbonátos csernozjom talajon (The effect of microelement loads on wheat grown on calcareous chernozem soil). - Agrokémia és Talajtan, 50, pp. 353–370.

    Daood H. , 'Mikroelem-terhelés hatása a búzára karbonátos csernozjom talajon ' (2001 ) 50 Agrokémia és Talajtan : 353 -370 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Kádár, I., P.K. Köves, I. Vörös, B. Bíró 2001: Mikroelem-terhelés hatása a borsóra karbonátos csernozjom talajon. II. Elemfelvétel, minőség és gyökérszimbiózis (Effect of microelement loads on peas grown on calcareous chernozem soil. II. Element uptake, quality and root symbiosis). - Agrokémia és Talajtan, 50, pp. 83–101.

    Bíró B. , 'Mikroelem-terhelés hatása a borsóra karbonátos csernozjom talajon. II. Elemfelvétel, minőség és gyökérszimbiózis ' (2001 ) 50 Agrokémia és Talajtan : 83 -101 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Kádár, I., T. Németh, G.J. Kovács 1987: Nitrogen efficiency and nitrate leaching on a calcareous chernozem soil. - In: 5th International Symposium of CIEC. 2. Sec. 1, Balatonfüred, Hungary, pp. 130–137.

    Kovács G.J. , '', in 5th International Symposium of CIEC , (1987 ) -.

  • Kádár, I., J. Prokisch 2000: Mikroelem-terhelés hatása burgonyára a karbonátos csernozjom talajon (The effect of microelement loads on the yield and element uptake of potatoes grown on calcareous chernozem soil). - Agrokémia és Talajtan, 49, pp. 447–464.

    Prokisch J. , 'Mikroelem-terhelés hatása burgonyára a karbonátos csernozjom talajon ' (2000 ) 49 Agrokémia és Talajtan : 447 -464 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Lakanen, E., R. Erviö 1971: A comparison of eight extractants for the determination of plant available micronutrients in soil. - Acta Agralia Fennica, 123, pp. 223–232.

    Erviö R. , 'A comparison of eight extractants for the determination of plant available micronutrients in soil ' (1971 ) 123 Acta Agralia Fennica : 223 -232 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • MÉM NAK 1979: Műtrágyázási irányelvek és üzemi számítási módszer (Methods and limit values for fertilization recommendations). - Buzás, I. (Ed.) et al.: MÉM Növényvédelmi és Agrokémiai Központ, Budapest.

    '', in MÉM Növényvédelmi és Agrokémiai Központ , (1979 ) -.

  • Németh, T. 1995: Nitrogen in Hungarian soils. Nitrogen management relation to groundwater protection. - Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 20, pp. 185–208.

    Németh T. , 'Nitrogen in Hungarian soils. Nitrogen management relation to groundwater protection ' (1995 ) 20 Journal of Contaminant Hydrology : 185 -208 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Németh, T., G. Kovács, I. Kádár 1988: A nitrát, a szulfát és az “összes” só bemosódásának vizsgálata műtrágyázási tartamkísérletekben (Leaching of nitrate, sulphate and “total” salt in fertilization long-term experiment). - Agrokémia és Talajtan, 36–37, pp.109–126.

    Kádár I. , 'A nitrát, a szulfát és az “összes” só bemosódásának vizsgálata műtrágyázási tartamkísérletekben ' (1988 ) 36–37 Agrokémia és Talajtan : 109 -126 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Németh, T., E. Molnár, J. Csillag, K. Bujtás, A. Lukács, G. Pártay, J. Fehér, M.Th. van Genuchten 1993: Mobility of some heavy metals in soil-plant system studied on soil monoliths. - Water Science and Technology, 28, pp. 389–398.

    van Genuchten M.Th. , 'Mobility of some heavy metals in soil-plant system studied on soil monoliths ' (1993 ) 28 Water Science and Technology : 389 -398 .

    • Search Google Scholar
  • Collapse
  • Expand
Cover Central European Geology
Central European Geology
Print ISSN:
1788-2281
Online ISSN:
1789-3348

Senior editors

Editor(s)-in-Chief: Attila DEMÉNY

Deputy Editor(s)-in-Chief: Béla RAUCSIK

Co-ordinating Editor(s): Gábor SCHMIEDL

Editorial Board

  • Zsolt BENKÓ (Geochemistry, Ar dating; Institute for Nuclear Research, Debrecen)
  • Szabolcs HARANGI (Petrology, geochemistry, volcanology; Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest)
  • Anette GÖTZ (Sedimentology; Landesamt für Bergbau, Energie und Geologie, Hannover)
  • János HAAS (Regional Geology and Sedimentology; Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest)
  • István Gábor HATVANI (Geomathematics; Institute for Geological and Geochemical Research, Budapest)
  • Henry M. LIEBERMAN (Language Editor; Salt Lake City)
  • János KOVÁCS (Quaternary geology; University of Pécs)
  • Szilvia KÖVÉR (Sedimentology; Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest)
  • Tivadar M. TÓTH (Mineralogy; Petrology    University of Szeged)
  • Stephen J. MOJZSIS (Petrology, geochemistry and planetology; University of Colorado Boulder)
  • Norbert NÉMETH (Structural geology; University of Miskolc)
  • Attila ŐSI (Paleontology; Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest)
  • József PÁLFY (Fossils and Stratigraphic Records; Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest)
  • György POGÁCSÁS (Petroleum Geology; Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest)
  • Krisztina SEBE (Tectonics, sedimentology, geomorphology University of Pécs)
  • Ioan SEGHEDY (Petrology and geochemistry; Institute of Geodynamics, Bucharest)
  • Lóránd SILYE (Paleontology; Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca)
  • Ákos TÖRÖK (Applied and Environmental Earth Sciences; Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest)
  • Norbert ZAJZON (Petrology and geochemistry; University of Miskolc)
  • Ferenc MOLNÁR (ore geology, geochemistry, geochronology, archaeometry; Geological Survey of Finland, Espoo)

Advisory Board

Due to the changes in editorial functions, the Advisory Board has been terminated. The participation of former Advisory Board members is highly appreciated and gratefully thanked.

CENTRAL EUROPEAN GEOLOGY
Institute for Geochemical Research
Hungarian Academy of Sciences
Address: Budaörsi út 45. H-1112 Budapest, Hungary
Phone: (06 1) 309 2681
Phone/fax: (06 1) 319 3137
E-mail: demeny@geochem.hu

Indexing and Abstracting Services:

  • CABELLS Journalytics
  • Chemical Abstracts
  • Elsevier Geo Abstracts
  • GEOBASE
  • SCOPUS
  • Referativnyi Zhurnal
  • Zoological Abstracts

 

2023  
Scopus  
CiteScore 1.4
CiteScore rank Q3 (Geology)
SNIP 0.577
Scimago  
SJR index 0.206
SJR Q rank Q4

Central European Geology
Publication Model Online only Gold Open Access
Submission Fee none
Article Processing Charge none
Regional discounts on country of the funding agency  
Further Discounts  
Subscription Information Gold Open Access
Purchase per Title  

Central European Geology
Language English
Size Vol 1-63: B5
Vol 64- : A4
Year of
Foundation		 2007 (1952)
Volumes
per Year		 1
Issues
per Year		 2
Founder Magyar Tudományos Akadémia  
Founder's
Address		 H-1051 Budapest, Hungary, Széchenyi István tér 9.
Publisher Akadémiai Kiadó
Publisher's
Address		 H-1117 Budapest, Hungary 1516 Budapest, PO Box 245.
Responsible
Publisher		 Chief Executive Officer, Akadémiai Kiadó
ISSN 1788-2281 (Print)
ISSN 1789-3348 (Online)

Monthly Content Usage

Abstract Views Full Text Views PDF Downloads
Oct 2024 108 0 0
Nov 2024 41 0 0
Dec 2024 24 0 0
Jan 2025 25 0 0
Feb 2025 38 0 0
Mar 2025 35 0 0
Apr 2025 0 0 0