Railway ballast tamping is one of the cost-expensive renewal and maintenance works of railway superstructure. The quality of ballast consolidation influences its resistance to residual deformations and long-term deterioration of track geometry. The process of ballast compaction along the sleeper under the vibration loading is complex and depends on many factors. The ballast flow processes under the vibration loading can produce both consolidation and un-consolidation of ballast material. The present study is devoted to the experimental investigation of ballast consolidation inhomogeneity. The method of ballast local consolidation measurement is proposed. The method is based on the velocity of impact wave propagation that is measured with device. The application of modern microcontroller and sensor techniques provided simple and reliable multi-point velocity measurements in a ballast layer. That enables well enough spatial resolution of ballast consolidation inhomogeneity. The measurement analysis has shown more than 4 times higher consolidation under the sleeper center than for unconsolidated ballast.
Lichtberger B. Track compendium: formation, permanent way, maintenance, economics, Hamburg, Eurailpress, 2005.
Gerber U. Design of railway superstructure, (in German) in Fendrich, L., Fengler W., (Eds), Handbuch Eisenbahninfrastruktur, Springer, Vol. 2, 2013, pp. 39–64.
Esveld C. Modern railway track (Vol. 385). Zaltbommel, The Netherlands, MRT-productions, 2001.
Izvolt L. , Harusinec, J., Smalo M. Optimization of transition areas between ballast-less track and ballasted track in the area of the tunnel turecky vrch, Communications, Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina, Vol. 20, No. 3, 2018, pp. 67–76.
Kovalchuk V. , Kovalchuk, Y., Sysyn, M., Stankevych, V., Petrenko O. Estimation of carrying capacity of metallic corrugated structures of the type multiplate mp 150 during interaction with backfill soil, Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, Vol. 1, No. 1, (Vol. 91), 2018, pp. 18–26.
Fischer S. Breakage test of railway ballast materials with new laboratory method, Periodica Polytechnica, Civil Engineering, Vol. 61, No. 4, 2017, pp. 794–802.
Plášek O. , Hruzíková M., Svoboda R., Vendel J. Influence of under sleeper pads on track quality, Akustika, Vol. 23, No. 1, 2015, pp. 28–33.
Fischer S. , Juhász E. Railroad ballast particle breakage with unique laboratory test method, Acta Technica Jaurinensis, Architecture and Civil Engineering, Vol. 12, No. 1, 2019, pp. 26–54.
Gerber U. , Fengler W. Settlement behaviour of ballast layer, (Setzungsverhalten des Schotters, in German) Eisenbahntechnische Rundschau, Vol. 4, 2010, pp. 170–175.
Sysyn M. , Gerber, U., Kovalchuk, V., Nabochenko O. The complex phenomenological model for prediction of inhomogeneous deformations of railway ballast layer after tamping works, Archives of Transport, Vol. 46, No. 3, 2018, pp. 91–107.
Holtzendorff K. Investigation of the settlement behaviour of railway ballast and the void forming on railway tracks, (Untersuchung des Setzungsverhaltens von Bahnschotter und der Hohllagenentwicklung auf Schotterfahrbahnen, in German) PhD Thesis, Technische Universität Berlin, 2003.
Guo Y. , Markine, V., Zhang, X., Qiang, W., Jing G. Image analysis for morphology, rheology and degradation study of railway ballast: A review, Transportation Geotechnics, Vol. 18, 2018, pp. 173–211.
Wang B. , Martin, U., Rapp S. Vibration characteristic analysis of ballast with different aspect ratios by means of the discrete element method, Fourth Geo-China International Conference, Shandong, China, 25-27 July 2016, pp. 16–23.
Németh, A., Fischer S. Investigation of glued insulated rail joints with special fiber-glass reinforced synthetic fishplates using in continuously welded tracks, Pollack Periodica, Vol. 13, No. 2, 2018, pp. 77–86.
Nagy R. Description of rail track geometry deterioration process in hungarian rail lines no. 1 and no. 140, Pollack Periodica, Vol. 12, No. 3, 2017, pp. 141–156.
Kumara J. J. , Hayano K. Deformation characteristics of fresh and fouled ballasts subjected to tamping maintenance, Soils and Foundations, Vol. 56, No. 4, 2016, pp. 652–663.
Ferellec J. F. , Perales, R., Nhu, V. H., Wone, M., Saussine G. Analysis of compaction of railway ballast by different maintenance methods using DEM, EPJ Web of Conferences, Vol. 140, 2018, paper No. 15032, pages 4.
Nabochenko O. , Sysyn, M., Kovalchuk, V., Kovalchuk Yu., Pentsak A., Braichenko S. Studying the railroad track geometry deterioration as a result of an uneven subsidence of the ballast layer, Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, Vol. 1, No. 7 (97), 2019, pp. 50–59.
Sysyn M. , Gerber, U., Gruen, D., Nabochenko, O., Kovalchuk V. Modeling and vehicle based measurements of ballast settlements under the common crossing, European Transport, Vol. 71, 2019, pp. 1–19.
Bold R. D. Non-destructive evaluation of railway tracked ballast, PhD Thesis, Institute for Infrastructure and Environment, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, 2011.
Park C. B. , Miller, R. D., Ryden N. Roadside seismic survey utilizing traffic noise, Proceeding of the NDE (Non-Destructive Engineering) Conference on Civil Engineering, St. Louis, MO, USA, 14-18 August 2006, pp. 323–334.
Sussmann T. R. , Thompson, H. B., Stark, T. D., Wilk, S. T., Ho C. L. Use of seismic surface wave testing to assess track substructure condition, Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 155, 2017, pp. 1250–1255.
Zhang Q. , Gascoyne, J., Eriksen A. Characterisation of ballast materials in trackbed using ground penetrating radar, Part 1, 5th IET Conference on Railway Condition Monitoring and Non-Destructive Testing, Derby, UK, 29–30 November 2011, page 4.a.1.
Sysyn M. , Gruen, D., Gerber, U., Nabochenko, O., Kovalchuk V. Turnout monitoring with vehicle based inertial measurements of operational trains: a machine learning approach, Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina, Vol. 21, No. 1, 2019, pp. 42–48.
Sysyn M. , Nabochenko, O., Gerber, U., Kovalchuk V. Evaluation of railway ballast layer consolidation after maintenance works, Acta Polytechnica, Vol. 58, No. 6, 2019, pp. 1–16.
Dahm T. Basics of geophysics, (Grundlagen der Geophysik, in German) - Lecture Notes, Potsdam: Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum 2015.
Marx L. , Moßmann D. Working method for the maintenance of the superstructure, (Arbeitsverfahren für die Instandhaltung des Oberbaus, in German) Bahn Fachverlag Auflage, 7th Ed, 2011.