Az arteriogenesis fogalmát csak néhány évvel ezelőtt definiálták. Ez az endogén folyamat, egy természetes kompenzációs mechanizmus a stenosis vagy artériás okklúzió indukálta szöveti hipoperfúzió ellen, ami a vér már meglévő kollaterális arteriákba történő jobb megoszlását és az erek újjászerveződését jelenti. A főbb krónikus artériabetegségeket, mint amilyen a coronariabetegség, a perifériás artériabetegség és a cerebrovascularis betegség, széles körben tanulmányozták az angiogenesis és az arteriogenesis szempontjából az elmúlt évtizedben. Az in vivo állatkísérletek és a kollaterális artériák fejlődése mögött álló sejtes és molekuláris mechanizmusok ex vivo analízise feltárta a keringő monociták, endothel- és simaizom-sejtek alapvető szerepét a kollaterális erek újrastrukturálódásában. Az adaptív arteriogenesis a szívben, az agyban és a periférián különböző kemokinekkel és növekedési faktorokkal stimulálható. Ezen anyagok terápiás alkalmazása ígéretes eredményeket hozott preklinikai állatmodellekben, úgymint javuló kollaterális konduktanciát, kiterjedt neovascularisatiót a kollaterális-függő szöveti régióban, csökkent infarktusterületet hemodinamikus stroke-ban és jobb funkcionális paramétereket miocardialis ischaemiában. A humán vizsgálatok tervezése során föl kell tennünk a következő kérdéseket: mi az optimális alkalmazási megközelítés, a megfelelő dózis, az időzítés és a követés időtartama? Ez az összefoglaló közlemény áttekintést szeretne adni az arteriogenesis mechanizmusának főbb elemeiről és a spontán és stimulált kollaterális artérianövekedésre vonatkozó legfontosabb kísérletes adatokról.
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