A herediter intestinalis polyposisszindrómák és a nem polyposisos colorectalis carcinoma ritka, autoszomálisan dominánsan öröklődő kórképek. Az emelkedett vékonybél-karcinóma rizikó és a gyakori akut sebészeti beavatkozásokat eredményező obstrukció és intussusceptio megelőzése miatt szükséges a betegek követése és szűrése. Korábban a kisméretű vékonybélpolipok diagnosztikája nehéz volt, mert a hagyományos radiológiai módszerek diagnosztikus értéke alacsony ezekben az esetekben, és a tradicionális endoszkópos módszerekkel, mint felső endoszkópia, kolonoszkópia és push-enteroszkópia a vékonybél csak részlegesen vizualizálható. A „drót nélküli” kapszulás endoszkópiával lehetővé vált a teljes vékonybél noninvazív, fájdalmatlan vizsgálata. Az eddigi vizsgálati tapasztalatok igazolják a kapszulás endoszkópia hatékonyságát és biztonságosságát ezekben a kórképekben. Ismételt sebészeti beavatkozásokat követően is biztonsággal alkalmazható a módszer, a kapszularetenció veszélye alacsony. A familiáris adenomatosus polyposisban és a Peutz–Jeghers-szindrómában elvégzett összehasonlító vizsgálatok eredményei alapján a kapszulás endoszkópia diagnosztikus érzékenysége lényegesen jobb a báriumos követéses röntgenvizsgálatnál és az MR-enterográfiánál. A vizsgálatok értékelése során viszont problémát jelent a polipok méretének és lokalizációjának meghatározása.
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