Az őssejtek önmegújító képességű, egy vagy több differenciált sejttípus létrehozására képes sejtek. Multipotensek, könnyű kinyerésük révén a sejt- és génterápia célpontjai lehetnek a jövőben. Felnőtt mesenchymalis, neuronalis, epidermalis, haematopoeticus őssejtek alkalmazása előnyös lehet szív- (myocardialis infarctus), csont- (osteoarthritis), idegbetegségek (Parkinson-, Alzheimer-kór), hematológiai kórképek (haemophilia, thrombocytopenia) kezelésében. A szerzők a gyomor-bél rendszer betegségeiben történt alkalmazásukkal kapcsolatos kis-, de növekvő számú ismereteket tekintik át. A haematopoeticus őssejtátültetés eredményes volt kezelésre nem reagáló Crohn-betegekben, coeliakiás betegek bizonyos csoportjában. A máj kötőszövetes elfajulásának megelőzésére mesenchymalis őssejteket alkalmaztak sikerrel. A haematopoeticus őssejt-transzplantációs kezelésre nem reagáló autoimmun gyomor-bél rendszeri betegségekben ígéretes lehetőség lehet. További terápiás célpontok lehetnek az autoimmun májbetegségek: autoimmun hepatitis, primer biliaris cirrhosis, primer sclerotizáló cholangitis. Jól tervezett multicentrikus prospektív vizsgálatok szükségesek az esettanulmányok és a kisszámú klinikai vizsgálat során tapasztalt lehetőségek bizonyítására.
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