Az obstruktív alvási apnoe az alvás alatti leggyakoribb légzészavar, kiemelt fontosságú kórkép az alvászavarok körében. Az össznépességben gyakorisága 2–4%, és legfontosabb jellemzője a felső légutak alvás alatti ismétlődő részleges vagy teljes elzáródása, amelyet oxigéndeszaturáció és hirtelen ébredés követ. A klinikai kép megjelenése komplex. A kórkép gyanúját veti fel a hangos horkolás légzésszünetekkel, amelyhez túlzott nappali aluszékonyság társul, de gondolnunk kell erre a betegségre terápiarezisztens hypertonia, szívelégtelenség, szívritmuszavarok, stroke vagy depresszió, memóriazavar esetén is. Az obstruktív alvási apnoe felismerésében fontos szerepe van a családorvosnak, aki a vezető tünetek alapján és a Berlin-kérdőív segítségével könnyen azonosíthatja a nagy kockázatú betegeket. A kiszűrt betegeket további kivizsgálás és terápiabeállítás céljából alváslaboratóriumba kell irányítani poliszomnográfiás vizsgálatra.
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