Ismert, hogy az étrendi fehérjemegszorítás lassítja a krónikus vesebetegség progresszióját. Ha a fehérjebevitel kevesebb mint 0,5-0,6 g/ttkg/nap, a diétát esszenciális aminosavakkal/ketosavakkal szükséges kiegészíteni. A szerzők tanulmányukban a hosszú időn keresztül ketosavakkal kiegészített fehérjeszegény diéta hatását vizsgálták krónikus veseelégtelenségben szenvedő betegekben a veseelégtelenség progressziójára, a kalcium- és foszforanyagcserére, a betegek tápláltsági állapotára, továbbá felmérték a betegek complience-ét. Ötvenegy beteget kezeltek 12–57 hónapig (átlagos kezelési idő: 26 hónap). A szérumkreatinin-érték átlaga 349,72±78,04 µmol/l-ről 460,66±206,66 µmol/l-re emelkedett, amely 27 µmol/l/év, illetve 2,3 µmol/l/hó szérumkreatinin-növekedést jelentett. A Cockroft–Gault-formula alapján számolt glomerulusfiltrációs ráta (GFR) 21,52±7,84 ml/min-ról 18,22±7,76 ml/min-ra csökkent, ami 0,83 ml/min/év, illetve 0,07 ml/min/hó GFR-csökkenést jelentett. Lineáris regressziós analízissel az 1/szérumkreatinin versus időegyenes dőlésszöge 0,0018 volt. A szérumparathormon-szint szignifikánsan csökkent, a szérumkalcium, -foszfor szintje nem változott. A betegek tápláltsági állapota (a BMI, szérumalbumin, szubjektív tápláltsági felmérés alapján) a folyamatos és intenzív diétás edukációnak köszönhetően nem romlott, a betegek tartani tudták az alacsony fehérjetartalmú diétát a kezelés hosszú időtartama alatt. Eredményeik igazolják, hogy a ketosavakkal kiegészített fehérjeszegény diéta hatásos a veseelégtelenség progressziójának csökkentésében, előnyösen befolyásolja a kalcium- és foszforanyagcserét, nem rontja a betegek tápláltsági állapotát.
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