A terhességben végzett emésztőrendszeri endoszkópos vizsgálóeljárásokkal kapcsolatos irodalmi adat kevés. Az endoszkópiáknak mindössze 0,4%-át végzik terheseken. Kazuisztikák és néhány, kis esetszámot feldolgozó retrospektív adat áll rendelkezésre. A graviditás során bekövetkező élettani változások miatt az endoszkópia elvileg több veszéllyel járhat. Az indikáció felállítását nehezíti, hogy a tünetek, panaszok egy része lehet a terhesség következménye is, de állhat a háttérben akár gasztroenterológiai megbetegedés is. A biztonságos vizsgálat feltételeiről is keveset tudunk. Nemcsak az endoszkópia okozta kockázattal, hanem a beavatkozás során alkalmazott gyógyszerek, kontrasztanyag, röntgensugár és az endoszkópos terápia potenciális veszélyeivel is számolni kell. Endoszkópiára csak akkor kerüljön sor, ha az indikáció megkérdőjelezhetetlen és terápiás konzekvenciákkal is bír. A gravida csak FDA szerinti „A” és „B” kategóriájú készítményeket kaphat. A vérzés és az alarm tünetekkel járó pyrosis egyértelmű indikációi a gasztroszkópiának. A hányinger, a hányás, az epigastrialis fájdalmak és a székletvérteszt pozitív eredménye endoszkópiát nem, legfeljebb gasztroenterológiai konzíliumot indokolnak. Vérzés, rectum-szigma térfoglaló folyamat, illetve stenosis és súlyos atípusos hasmenés esetén szigmoidoszkópiát kell végezni. Létjogosultsága csak a terápiás endoszkópos retrográd cholangiopancreatographiának van. Az obstrukciós icterus és a biliaris pancreatitis azonnali endoszkópos terápiát igényelnek. A röntgensugárzás ellen a magzat védhető, és így az őt érő dózis a teratogén tartomány alatt marad. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 1043–1051.
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