A malignus hematológiai kórképek jelentős hányadát jellemző áramláscitometriai, citogenetikai és molekuláris genetikai eltérések kísérik, amelyek azonban nemritkán egészségesekben is kimutathatók. A szerzők a rendelkezésükre álló irodalom alapján összefoglalják a monoklonális B-sejtes lymphocytosisra vonatkozó ismereteket, majd ismertetik azokat az adatokat, amelyek a t(14;18) és a t(11;14) kromoszómatranszlokáció, az NPM-ALK fúziós gén, a JAK2 V617F-mutáció, a BCR-ABL1 fúziós gén, az ETV6-RUNX1(TEL-AML1), az MLL-AF4 és a PML-RARA fúziós gén egészségesekben is tapasztalható előfordulására utalnak. Ma sem egyértelműen eldöntött, hogy a nem betegek körében talált ilyen eltéréseknek mi a jelentősége. Az irodalmi áttekintésből kiderül, hogy elméleti és gyakorlati (diagnosztikus, prognosztikus és terápiás) szempontból egyaránt fontos kérdésről van szó. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 531–540.
Bäsecke, J., Griesinger, F., Trümper, L., et al.: Leukemia- and lymphoma-associated genetic aberrations in healthy individuals. Ann. Hematol., 2002, 81, 64–75.
Trümper L. , 'Leukemia- and lymphoma-associated genetic aberrations in healthy individuals ' (2002 ) 81 Ann. Hematol. : 64 -75 .
Janz, S., Potter, M., Rabkin, C. S.: Lymphoma- and leukemia-associated chromosomal translocations in healthy individuals. Genes Chromosomes Cancer, 2003, 36, 211–223.
Rabkin C. S. , 'Lymphoma- and leukemia-associated chromosomal translocations in healthy individuals ' (2003 ) 36 Genes Chromosomes Cancer : 211 -223 .
Brassesco, M. S.: Leukemia/lymphoma-associated gene fusions in normal individuals. Genet. Mol. Res., 2008, 7, 782–790.
Brassesco M. S. , 'Leukemia/lymphoma-associated gene fusions in normal individuals ' (2008 ) 7 Genet. Mol. Res. : 782 -790 .
Song, J., Mercer, D., Hu, X., et al.: Common leukemia- and lymphoma-associated genetic aberrations in healthy individuals. J. Mol. Diagn., 2011, 13, 213–219.
Hu X. , 'Common leukemia- and lymphoma-associated genetic aberrations in healthy individuals ' (2011 ) 13 J. Mol. Diagn. : 213 -219 .
Han, T., Ozer, H., Gavigan, M., et al.: Benign monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis – a benign variant of CLL: clinical, immunologic, phenotypic, and cytogenetic studies in 20 patients. Blood, 1984, 64, 244–252.
Gavigan M. , 'Benign monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis – a benign variant of CLL: clinical, immunologic, phenotypic, and cytogenetic studies in 20 patients ' (1984 ) 64 Blood : 244 -252 .
Marti, G. E., Rawstron, A. C., Ghia, P., et al.: Diagnosic criteria for monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis. Br. J. Haematol., 2005, 130, 325–332.
Ghia P. , 'Diagnosic criteria for monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis ' (2005 ) 130 Br. J. Haematol. : 325 -332 .
Rawstron, A. C., Green, M. J., Kuzmicki, A., et al.: Monoclonal B lymphocytes with the characteristics of “indolent” chronic lymphocytic leukemia are present in 3,5% of adults with normal blood counts. Blood, 2002, 100, 635–639.
Kuzmicki A. , 'Monoclonal B lymphocytes with the characteristics of “indolent” chronic lymphocytic leukemia are present in 3,5% of adults with normal blood counts ' (2002 ) 100 Blood : 635 -639 .
Fazi, C., Scarfó, L., Pecciarini, L., et al.: General population low-count CLL-like MBL persists over time without clinical progression, although carrying the same cytogenetic abnormalities of CLL. Blood, 2011, 118, 6618–6625.
Pecciarini L. , 'General population low-count CLL-like MBL persists over time without clinical progression, although carrying the same cytogenetic abnormalities of CLL ' (2011 ) 118 Blood : 6618 -6625 .
Scarfó, L., Dagklis, A., Scielzo, C., et al.: CLL-like monoclonal B-lymphocytosis: Are we all bound to have it? Semin. Cancer Biol., 2010, 20, 384–390.
Scielzo C. , 'CLL-like monoclonal B-lymphocytosis: Are we all bound to have it? ' (2010 ) 20 Semin. Cancer Biol. : 384 -390 .
Marti, G. E.: MBL: mostly benign lymphocytes, but…. Blood, 2011, 118, 6480–6481.
Marti G. E. , 'MBL: mostly benign lymphocytes, but… ' (2011 ) 118 Blood : 6480 -6481 .
Rawstron, A. C., Hillmen, P.: Clinical and diagnostic implications of monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Haematol., 2010, 23, 61–69.
Hillmen P. , 'Clinical and diagnostic implications of monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis ' (2010 ) 23 Best Pract. Res. Clin. Haematol. : 61 -69 .
Ghia, P.: Another piece of the puzzle: is there a “nodal” monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis? Haematologica, 2011, 96, 1089–1091.
Ghia P. , 'Another piece of the puzzle: is there a “nodal” monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis? ' (2011 ) 96 Haematologica : 1089 -1091 .
Nieto, W. G., Teodosio, C., López, A., et al.: Non-CLL-like monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis in the general population: prevalence and phenotypic/genetic characteristics. Cytometry B Clin. Cytom., 2010, 78 (Suppl. 1), S24–S34.
López A. , 'Non-CLL-like monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis in the general population: prevalence and phenotypic/genetic characteristics ' (2010 ) 78 Cytometry B Clin. Cytom. : S24 -S34 .
Rawstron, A. C., Bennett, F. L., O’Connor, S. J. M., et al.: Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. N. Engl. J. Med., 2008, 359, 575–583.
O’Connor S. J. M. , 'Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis and chronic lymphocytic leukemia ' (2008 ) 359 N. Engl. J. Med. : 575 -583 .
Shanafelt, T. D., Hanson, C. A.: Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis: definitions and natural history. Leuk. Lymphoma, 2009, 50, 493–497.
Hanson C. A. , 'Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis: definitions and natural history ' (2009 ) 50 Leuk. Lymphoma : 493 -497 .
Shanafelt, T. D., Kay, N. E., Jenkins, G., et al.: B-cell count and survival: differentiating chronic lymphocytic leukemia from monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis based on clinical outcome. Blood, 2009, 113, 4188–4196.
Jenkins G. , 'B-cell count and survival: differentiating chronic lymphocytic leukemia from monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis based on clinical outcome ' (2009 ) 113 Blood : 4188 -4196 .
Marti, G. E.: The changing definition of CLL. Blood, 2009, 113, 4130–4131.
Marti G. E. , 'The changing definition of CLL ' (2009 ) 113 Blood : 4130 -4131 .
Molica, S., Mauro, F. R., Giannarelli, D., et al.: Differentiating chronic lymphocytic leukemia from monoclonal B-lymphocytosis according to clinical outcome: on behalf of the GIMEMA chronic lymphoproliferative diseases working group. Haematologica, 2011, 96, 277–283.
Giannarelli D. , 'Differentiating chronic lymphocytic leukemia from monoclonal B-lymphocytosis according to clinical outcome: on behalf of the GIMEMA chronic lymphoproliferative diseases working group ' (2011 ) 96 Haematologica : 277 -283 .
Shanafelt, T. D., Ghia, P., Lanasa, M. C., et al.: Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL): biology, natural history and clinical management. Leukemia, 2010, 24, 512–520.
Lanasa M. C. , 'Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL): biology, natural history and clinical management ' (2010 ) 24 Leukemia : 512 -520 .
Hanson, C. A., Kurtin, P. J., Dogan, A.: The proposed diagnostic criteria change for chronic lymphocytic leukemia: unintended consequences? Blood, 2009, 113, 6495–6496.
Dogan A. , 'The proposed diagnostic criteria change for chronic lymphocytic leukemia: unintended consequences? ' (2009 ) 113 Blood : 6495 -6496 .
Mulligan, C. S., Thomas, M. E., Mulligan, S. P.: Lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and clonal CLL cells: observations on the impact of the new diagnostic criteria in the 2008 Guidelines for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Blood, 2009, 113, 6496–6497.
Mulligan S. P. , 'Lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and clonal CLL cells: observations on the impact of the new diagnostic criteria in the 2008 Guidelines for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) ' (2009 ) 113 Blood : 6496 -6497 .
Gibson, S. E., Swerdlow, S. H., Ferry, J. A., et al.: Reassessment of small lymphocytic lymphoma in the era of monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis. Haematologica, 2011, 96, 1144–1152.
Ferry J. A. , 'Reassessment of small lymphocytic lymphoma in the era of monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis ' (2011 ) 96 Haematologica : 1144 -1152 .
Rawstron, A. C., Bennett, F., Hillmen, P.: The biological and clinical relationship between CD5+23+ monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Br. J. Haematol., 2007, 139, 724–729.
Hillmen P. , 'The biological and clinical relationship between CD5+23+ monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia ' (2007 ) 139 Br. J. Haematol. : 724 -729 .
Rawstron, A. C., Shingles, J., de Tute, R., et al.: Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and CLL-type monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL) show differential expression of molecules involved in lymphoid tissue homing. Cytometry B Clin. Cytom., 2010, 78 (Suppl. 1), S42–S46.
Tute R. , 'Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and CLL-type monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL) show differential expression of molecules involved in lymphoid tissue homing ' (2010 ) 78 Cytometry B Clin. Cytom. : S42 -S46 .
Gutierrez, A. Jr., Tschumper, R. C., Wu, X., et al.: LEF-1 is a prosurvival factor in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and is expressed in the preleukemic state of monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis. Blood, 2010, 116, 2975–2983.
Wu X. , 'LEF-1 is a prosurvival factor in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and is expressed in the preleukemic state of monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis ' (2010 ) 116 Blood : 2975 -2983 .
Crowther-Swanepoel, D., Corre, T., Lloyd, A., et al.: Inherited genetic susceptibility to monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis. Blood, 2010, 116, 5957–5960.
Lloyd A. , 'Inherited genetic susceptibility to monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis ' (2010 ) 116 Blood : 5957 -5960 .
Shanafelt, T. D., Kay, N. E., Rabe, K. G., et al.: Natural history of individuals with clinically recognized monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis compared with patients with Rai 0 chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J. Clin. Oncol., 2009, 27, 3959–3963.
Rabe K. G. , 'Natural history of individuals with clinically recognized monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis compared with patients with Rai 0 chronic lymphocytic leukemia ' (2009 ) 27 J. Clin. Oncol. : 3959 -3963 .
Fung, S. S., Hillier, K. L., Leger, C. S., et al.: Clinical progression and outcome of patients with monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis. Leuk. Lymph., 2007, 48, 1087–1091.
Leger C. S. , 'Clinical progression and outcome of patients with monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis ' (2007 ) 48 Leuk. Lymph. : 1087 -1091 .
Rossi, D., Sozzi, E., Puma, A., et al.: The prognosis of clinical monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis differs from prognosis of Rai 0 chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and is recapitulated by biological risk factors. Br. J. Haematol., 2009, 146, 64–75.
Puma A. , 'The prognosis of clinical monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis differs from prognosis of Rai 0 chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and is recapitulated by biological risk factors ' (2009 ) 146 Br. J. Haematol. : 64 -75 .
Goldin, L. R., Lanasa, M. C., Slager, S. L., et al.: Common occurrence of monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis among members of high-risk CLL families. Br. J. Haematol., 2010, 151, 152–158.
Slager S. L. , 'Common occurrence of monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis among members of high-risk CLL families ' (2010 ) 151 Br. J. Haematol. : 152 -158 .
Del Giudice, I., Mauro, F. R., De Propris, M. S., et al.: Identification of monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis among sibling transplant donors for chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients. Blood, 2009, 114, 2848–2849.
Propris M. S. , 'Identification of monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis among sibling transplant donors for chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients ' (2009 ) 114 Blood : 2848 -2849 .
De Tute, R., Yuille, M., Catovsky, D., et al.: Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL) in CLL families: substantial increase in relative risk for young adults. Leukemia, 2006, 20, 728–729.
Catovsky D. , 'Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL) in CLL families: substantial increase in relative risk for young adults ' (2006 ) 20 Leukemia : 728 -729 .
Matos, D. M., Ismael, S. J., Scrideli, C. A., et al.: Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis in first-degree relatives of patients with sporadic (non-familial) chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Br. J. Haematol., 2009, 147, 339–346.
Scrideli C. A. , 'Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis in first-degree relatives of patients with sporadic (non-familial) chronic lymphocytic leukaemia ' (2009 ) 147 Br. J. Haematol. : 339 -346 .
Rawstron, A. C., Yuille, M. R., Fuller, J., et al.: Inherited predisposition to CLL is detectable as subclinical monoclonal B-lymphocyte expansion. Blood, 2002, 100, 2289–2290.
Fuller J. , 'Inherited predisposition to CLL is detectable as subclinical monoclonal B-lymphocyte expansion ' (2002 ) 100 Blood : 2289 -2290 .
Hardy, N. M., Grady, C., Pentz, R., et al.: Bioethical considerations of monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis: donor transfer after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Br. J. Haematol., 2007, 139, 824–831.
Pentz R. , 'Bioethical considerations of monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis: donor transfer after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation ' (2007 ) 139 Br. J. Haematol. : 824 -831 .
Nahi, H., Jansson, M., Sander, B., et al.: Transmission of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia from a blood stem cell sibling donor to the recipient. Br. J. Haematol., 2008, 143, 744–755.
Sander B. , 'Transmission of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia from a blood stem cell sibling donor to the recipient ' (2008 ) 143 Br. J. Haematol. : 744 -755 .
Marti, G., Abbasi, F., Raveche, E., et al.: Overview of monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis. Br. J. Haematol., 2007, 139, 701–708.
Raveche E. , 'Overview of monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis ' (2007 ) 139 Br. J. Haematol. : 701 -708 .
Rachel, J. M., Zucker, M. L., Fox, C. M., et al.: Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis in blood donors. Br. J. Haematol., 2007, 139, 832–836.
Fox C. M. , 'Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis in blood donors ' (2007 ) 139 Br. J. Haematol. : 832 -836 .
Vogt, R. F., Shim, Y. K., Middleton, D. C., et al.: Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis as a biomarker in environmental health studies. Br. J. Haematol., 2007, 139, 690–700.
Middleton D. C. , 'Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis as a biomarker in environmental health studies ' (2007 ) 139 Br. J. Haematol. : 690 -700 .
Linet, M. S., Schubauer-Berigan, M. K., Weisenburger, D. D., et al.: Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: an overview of aetiology in light of recent developments in classification and pathogensis. Br. J. Haematol., 2007, 139, 672–686.
Weisenburger D. D. , 'Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: an overview of aetiology in light of recent developments in classification and pathogensis ' (2007 ) 139 Br. J. Haematol. : 672 -686 .
Lanasa, M. C., Allgood, S. D., Weinberg, J. B.: Monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis. Leuk. Lymphoma, 2010, 51, 1386–1388.
Weinberg J. B. , 'Monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis ' (2010 ) 51 Leuk. Lymphoma : 1386 -1388 .
Dölken, L., Schüler, F., Dölken, G.: Frequency of BCL-2/JH translocation in healthy males exposed to low-level radiation in comparison to age-matched healthy controls. Blood, 2002, 100, 1513–1514.
Dölken G. , 'Frequency of BCL-2/JH translocation in healthy males exposed to low-level radiation in comparison to age-matched healthy controls ' (2002 ) 100 Blood : 1513 -1514 .
Roulland, S., Lebailly, P., Lecluse, Y., et al.: Long-term clonal persistence and evolution of t(14;18)-bearing B cells in healthy individuals. Leukemia, 2006, 20, 158–162.
Lecluse Y. , 'Long-term clonal persistence and evolution of t(14;18)-bearing B cells in healthy individuals ' (2006 ) 20 Leukemia : 158 -162 .
Chiu, B. C-H., Lan, Q., Dave, B. J., et al.: The utility of t(14;18) in understanding risk factors for non-Hodgkin lymphoma. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. Monogr., 2008, 39, 69–73.
Dave B. J. , 'The utility of t(14;18) in understanding risk factors for non-Hodgkin lymphoma ' (2008 ) 39 J. Natl. Cancer Inst. Monogr. : 69 -73 .
Hirt, C., Dölken, G., Janz, S., et al.: Distribution of t(14;18)-positive, putative lymphoma precursor cells among B-cell subsets in healthy individuals. Br. J. Haematol., 2007, 138, 349–353.
Janz S. , 'Distribution of t(14;18)-positive, putative lymphoma precursor cells among B-cell subsets in healthy individuals ' (2007 ) 138 Br. J. Haematol. : 349 -353 .
Dölken, G., Dölken, L., Hirt, C., et al.: Age-dependent prevalence and frequency of circulating t(14;18)-positive cells in the peripheral blood of healthy individuals. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. Monogr., 2008, 39, 44–47.
Hirt C. , 'Age-dependent prevalence and frequency of circulating t(14;18)-positive cells in the peripheral blood of healthy individuals ' (2008 ) 39 J. Natl. Cancer Inst. Monogr. : 44 -47 .
Liu, Y., Hernandez, A. M., Shibata, D., et al.:BCL2 translocation frequency rises with age in humans. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1994, 91, 8910–8914.
Shibata D. , 'BCL2 translocation frequency rises with age in humans ' (1994 ) 91 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA : 8910 -8914 .
Ji, W., Qu, G., Ye, P., et al.: Frequent detection of bcl-2/JH translocations in human blood and organ samples by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. Cancer Res., 1995, 55, 2876–2882.
Ye P. , 'Frequent detection of bcl-2/JH translocations in human blood and organ samples by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay ' (1995 ) 55 Cancer Res. : 2876 -2882 .
Baccarelli, A., Hirt, C., Pesatori, A. C., et al.: t(14;18) translocations in lymphocytes of healthy dioxin-exposed individuals from Seveso, Italy. Carcinogenesis, 2006, 27, 2001–2007.
Pesatori A. C. , 't(14;18) translocations in lymphocytes of healthy dioxin-exposed individuals from Seveso, Italy ' (2006 ) 27 Carcinogenesis : 2001 -2007 .
Schüler, F., Dölken, L., Hirt, C., et al.: Prevalence and frequency of circulating t(14;18)-MBR translocation carrying cells in healthy individuals. Int. J. Cancer, 2009, 124, 958–963.
Hirt C. , 'Prevalence and frequency of circulating t(14;18)-MBR translocation carrying cells in healthy individuals ' (2009 ) 124 Int. J. Cancer : 958 -963 .
Limpens, J., Stad, R., Vos, C., et al.: Lymphoma-associated translocation t(14;18) in blood B cells of normal individuals. Blood, 1995, 85, 2528–2536.
Vos C. , 'Lymphoma-associated translocation t(14;18) in blood B cells of normal individuals ' (1995 ) 85 Blood : 2528 -2536 .
Dölken, G., Illerhaus, G., Hirt, C., et al.: BCL-2/JH rearrangements in circulating B cells of healthy blood donors and patients with nonmalignant diseases. J. Clin. Oncol., 1996, 14, 1333–1344.
Hirt C. , 'BCL-2/JH rearrangements in circulating B cells of healthy blood donors and patients with nonmalignant diseases ' (1996 ) 14 J. Clin. Oncol. : 1333 -1344 .
Schüler, F., Hirt, C., Dölken, G.: Chromosomal translocation t(14;18) in healthy individuals. Semin. Cancer Biol., 2003, 13, 203–209.
Dölken G. , 'Chromosomal translocation t(14;18) in healthy individuals ' (2003 ) 13 Semin. Cancer Biol. : 203 -209 .
Rabkin, C. S., Hirt, C., Janz, S., et al.: t(14;18) translocations and risk of follicular lymphoma. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. Monogr., 2008, 39, 48–51.
Janz S. , 't(14;18) translocations and risk of follicular lymphoma ' (2008 ) 39 J. Natl. Cancer Inst. Monogr. : 48 -51 .
Yasukawa, M., Bando, S., Dölken, G., et al.: Low frequency of BCL-2/JH translocation in peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy Japanese individuals. Blood, 2001, 98, 486–488.
Dölken G. , 'Low frequency of BCL-2/JH translocation in peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy Japanese individuals ' (2001 ) 98 Blood : 486 -488 .
Nambiar, M., Raghavan, S. C.: Prevalence and analysis of t(14;18) and t(11;14) chromosomal translocations in healthy Indian population. Ann. Hematol., 2010, 89, 35–43.
Raghavan S. C. , 'Prevalence and analysis of t(14;18) and t(11;14) chromosomal translocations in healthy Indian population ' (2010 ) 89 Ann. Hematol. : 35 -43 .
Summers, K. E., Goff, L. K., Wilson, A. G., et al.: Frequency of the Bcl-2/IgH rearrangement in normal individuals: Implications for the monitoring of disease in patients with follicular lymphoma. J. Clin. Oncol., 2001, 19, 420–424.
Wilson A. G. , 'Frequency of the Bcl-2/IgH rearrangement in normal individuals: Implications for the monitoring of disease in patients with follicular lymphoma ' (2001 ) 19 J. Clin. Oncol. : 420 -424 .
McHale, C. M., Lan, Q., Corso, C., et al.: Chromosome translocations in workers exposed to benzene. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. Monogr., 2008, 39, 74–77.
Corso C. , 'Chromosome translocations in workers exposed to benzene ' (2008 ) 39 J. Natl. Cancer Inst. Monogr. : 74 -77 .
Sebők, P., Takács, I., Szabó, G., et al.: Appearance of the t(14;18) chromosome translocation in diseases of different types. [A t(14;18) kromoszóma-transzlokáció jelenléte különböző típusú betegségekben.]. Orv. Hetil., 1997, 138, 3301–3305. [Hungarian]
Szabó G. , 'Appearance of the t(14;18) chromosome translocation in diseases of different types. [A t(14;18) kromoszóma-transzlokáció jelenléte különböző típusú betegségekben.] ' (1997 ) 138 Orv. Hetil. : 3301 -3305 .
Semsei, I., Zeher, M., Takács, I., et al.: Occurrence of t(14;18) chromosome translocation in lymphocytes of patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome. [A t(14;18) kromoszóma transzlokáció előfordulása primer Sjögren-szindrómás betegek lymphocytáiban.]. Magy. Belorv. Arch., 1998, 51, 249–254. [Hungarian]
Takács I. , 'Occurrence of t(14;18) chromosome translocation in lymphocytes of patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome. [A t(14;18) kromoszóma transzlokáció előfordulása primer Sjögren-szindrómás betegek lymphocytáiban.] ' (1998 ) 51 Magy. Belorv. Arch. : 249 -254 .
Sevilla, D. W., Murty, V. V., Sun, X-L., et al.: Cytogenetic abnormalities in reactive lymphoid hyperplasia: byproducts of the germinal centre reaction or indicators of lymphoma? Hematol. Oncol., 2011, 29, 81–90.
Sun X-L. , 'Cytogenetic abnormalities in reactive lymphoid hyperplasia: byproducts of the germinal centre reaction or indicators of lymphoma? ' (2011 ) 29 Hematol. Oncol. : 81 -90 .
Bretherick, K. L., Bu, R., Gascoyne, R. D., et al.: Elevated circulating t(14;18) translocation levels prior to diagnosis of follicular lymphoma. Blood, 2010, 116, 6146–6147.
Gascoyne R. D. , 'Elevated circulating t(14;18) translocation levels prior to diagnosis of follicular lymphoma ' (2010 ) 116 Blood : 6146 -6147 .
Jegalian, A. G., Eberle, F. C., Pack, S. D., et al.: Follicular lymphoma in situ: clinical implications and comparisons with partial involvement by follicular lymphoma. Blood, 2011, 118, 2976–2984.
Pack S. D. , 'Follicular lymphoma in situ: clinical implications and comparisons with partial involvement by follicular lymphoma ' (2011 ) 118 Blood : 2976 -2984 .
Espinet, B., Solé, F., Pedro, C., et al.: Clonal proliferation of cyclin D1-positive mantle lymphocytes in an asymptomatic patient: an early-stage event in the development or an indolent form of a mantle cell lymphoma? Hum. Pathol., 2005, 36, 1232–1237.
Pedro C. , 'Clonal proliferation of cyclin D1-positive mantle lymphocytes in an asymptomatic patient: an early-stage event in the development or an indolent form of a mantle cell lymphoma? ' (2005 ) 36 Hum. Pathol. : 1232 -1237 .
Hirt, C., Schüler, F., Dölken, L., et al.: Low prevalence of circulating t(11;14)(q13;q32)-positive cells in the peripheral blood of healthy individuals as detected by real-time quantitative PCR. Blood, 2004, 104, 904–905.
Dölken L. , 'Low prevalence of circulating t(11;14)(q13;q32)-positive cells in the peripheral blood of healthy individuals as detected by real-time quantitative PCR ' (2004 ) 104 Blood : 904 -905 .
Lecluse, Y., Lebailly, P., Roulland, S., et al.: t(11;14)-positive clones can persist over a long period of time in the peripheral blood of healthy individuals. Leukemia, 2009, 23, 1190–1193.
Roulland S. , 't(11;14)-positive clones can persist over a long period of time in the peripheral blood of healthy individuals ' (2009 ) 23 Leukemia : 1190 -1193 .
Trümper, L., Pfreundschuh, M., Bonin, F. V., et al.: Detection of the t(2;5)-associated NPM/ALK fusion cDNA in peripheral blood cells of healthy individuals. Br. J. Haematol., 1998, 103, 1138–1144.
Bonin F. V. , 'Detection of the t(2;5)-associated NPM/ALK fusion cDNA in peripheral blood cells of healthy individuals ' (1998 ) 103 Br. J. Haematol. : 1138 -1144 .
Maes, B., Vanhentenrijk, V., Wlodarska, I., et al.: The NPM-ALK and the ATIC-ALK fusion genes can be detected in non-neoplastic cells. Am. J. Pathol., 2001, 158, 2185–2193.
Wlodarska I. , 'The NPM-ALK and the ATIC-ALK fusion genes can be detected in non-neoplastic cells ' (2001 ) 158 Am. J. Pathol. : 2185 -2193 .
Passamonti, F., Rumi, E., Pietra, D., et al.:JAK2 (V617F) mutation in healthy individuals. Br. J. Haematol., 2007, 136, 677–679.
Pietra D. , 'JAK2 (V617F) mutation in healthy individuals ' (2007 ) 136 Br. J. Haematol. : 677 -679 .
Martinaud, C., Brisou, P., Mozziconacci, M. J.: Is the JAK2V617F mutation detectable in healthy volunteers? Am. J. Hematol., 2010, 85, 287–288.
Mozziconacci M. J. , 'Is the JAK2V617F mutation detectable in healthy volunteers? ' (2010 ) 85 Am. J. Hematol. : 287 -288 .
Sidon, P., El Housni, H., Dessars, B., et al.: The JAK2V617F mutation is detectable at very low level in peripheral blood of healthy donors. Leukaemia, 2006, 20, 1622.
Dessars B. , 'The JAK2V617F mutation is detectable at very low level in peripheral blood of healthy donors ' (2006 ) 20 Leukaemia : 1622 -.
Xu, X., Zhang, Q., Luo, J., et al.: JAK2V617F: prevalence in a large Chinese hospital population. Blood, 2007, 109, 339–342.
Luo J. , 'JAK2V617F: prevalence in a large Chinese hospital population ' (2007 ) 109 Blood : 339 -342 .
Bellanné-Chantelot, C., Jego, P., Lionne-Huyghe, P., et al.: The JAK2V617F mutation may be present several years before the occurrence of overt myeloproliferative disorders. Leukemia, 2008, 22, 450–451.
Lionne-Huyghe P. , 'The JAK2V617F mutation may be present several years before the occurrence of overt myeloproliferative disorders ' (2008 ) 22 Leukemia : 450 -451 .
Nielsen, C., Birgens, H. S., Nordestgaard, B. G., et al.: The JAK2 V617F somatic mutation, mortality and cancer risk in the general population. Haematologica, 2011, 96, 450–453.
Nordestgaard B. G. , 'The JAK2 V617F somatic mutation, mortality and cancer risk in the general population ' (2011 ) 96 Haematologica : 450 -453 .
Biernaux, C., Loos, M., Sels, A., et al.: Detection of major bcr-abl gene expression at a very low level in blood cells of some healthy individuals. Blood, 1995, 86, 3118–3122.
Sels A. , 'Detection of major bcr-abl gene expression at a very low level in blood cells of some healthy individuals ' (1995 ) 86 Blood : 3118 -3122 .
Bose, S., Deininger, M., Gora-Tybor, J., et al.: The presence of typical and atypical BCR-ABL fusion genes in leukocytes of normal individuals: biologic significance and implications for the assessment of minimal residual disease. Blood, 1998, 92, 3362–3367.
Gora-Tybor J. , 'The presence of typical and atypical BCR-ABL fusion genes in leukocytes of normal individuals: biologic significance and implications for the assessment of minimal residual disease ' (1998 ) 92 Blood : 3362 -3367 .
Butt, N. M., Rojas, J. M., Wang, L., et al.: Circulating bcr-abl-specific CD8+ T cells in chronic myeloid leukemia patients and healthy subjects. Haematologica, 2005, 90, 1315–1323.
Wang L. , 'Circulating bcr-abl-specific CD8+ T cells in chronic myeloid leukemia patients and healthy subjects ' (2005 ) 90 Haematologica : 1315 -1323 .
Hunger, S. P., Cleary, M. L.: What significance should we attribute to the detection of MLL fusion transcripts? Blood, 1998, 92, 709–711.
Cleary M. L. , 'What significance should we attribute to the detection of MLL fusion transcripts? ' (1998 ) 92 Blood : 709 -711 .
Uckun, F. M., Herman-Hatten, K., Crotty, M. L., et al.: Clinical significance of MLL-AF4 fusion transcript expression in the absence of a cytogenetically detectable t(4;11)(q21;q23) chromosomal translocation. Blood, 1998, 92, 810–821.
Crotty M. L. , 'Clinical significance of MLL-AF4 fusion transcript expression in the absence of a cytogenetically detectable t(4;11)(q21;q23) chromosomal translocation ' (1998 ) 92 Blood : 810 -821 .
Trka, J., Zuna, J., Hrusák, O., et al.: No evidence for MLL/AF4 expression in normal cord blood samples. Blood, 1999, 93, 1106–1107.
Hrusák O. , 'No evidence for MLL/AF4 expression in normal cord blood samples ' (1999 ) 93 Blood : 1106 -1107 .
Kim-Rouille, M. H., MacGregor, A., Wiedemann, L. M., et al.:MLL-AF4 gene fusions in normal newborns. Blood, 1999, 93, 1107–1108.
Wiedemann L. M. , 'MLL-AF4 gene fusions in normal newborns ' (1999 ) 93 Blood : 1107 -1108 .
Montes, R., Ayllón, V., Gutierrez-Aranda, I., et al.: Enforced expression of MLL-AF4 fusion in cord blood CD34+ cells enhances the hematopoietic repopulating cell function and clonogenic potential but is not sufficient to initiate leukemia. Blood, 2011, 117, 4746–4758.
Gutierrez-Aranda I. , 'Enforced expression of MLL-AF4 fusion in cord blood CD34+ cells enhances the hematopoietic repopulating cell function and clonogenic potential but is not sufficient to initiate leukemia ' (2011 ) 117 Blood : 4746 -4758 .
Uckun, F. M.: MLL-AF4 fusion transcripts in normal and leukemic hematopoietic cells. Blood, 1999, 93, 1109–1110.
Uckun F. M. , 'MLL-AF4 fusion transcripts in normal and leukemic hematopoietic cells ' (1999 ) 93 Blood : 1109 -1110 .
Brassesco, M. S., Montaldi, A. P., Gras, D. E., et al.: MLL leukemia-associated rearrangements in peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy individuals. Genet. Mol. Biol., 2009, 32, 234–241.
Gras D. E. , 'MLL leukemia-associated rearrangements in peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy individuals ' (2009 ) 32 Genet. Mol. Biol. : 234 -241 .
Schnittger, S., Wörmann, B., Hiddemann, W., et al.: Partial tandem duplications of the MLL gene are detectable in peripheral blood and bone marrow of nearly all healthy donors. Blood, 1998, 92, 1728–1734.
Hiddemann W. , 'Partial tandem duplications of the MLL gene are detectable in peripheral blood and bone marrow of nearly all healthy donors ' (1998 ) 92 Blood : 1728 -1734 .
Brown, P.: TEL-AML1 in cord blood: 1% or 0.01%? Blood, 2011, 117, 2–4.
Brown P. , 'TEL-AML1 in cord blood: 1% or 0.01%? ' (2011 ) 117 Blood : 2 -4 .
Mori, H., Colman, S. M., Xiao, Z., et al.: Chromosome translocations and covert leukemic clones are generated during normal fetal development. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2002, 99, 8242–8247.
Xiao Z. , 'Chromosome translocations and covert leukemic clones are generated during normal fetal development ' (2002 ) 99 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA : 8242 -8247 .
Lausten-Thomsen, U., Madsen, H. O., Vestergaard, T. R., et al.: Prevalence of t(12;21)[ETV6-RUNX1]-positive cells in healthy neonates. Blood, 2011, 117, 186–189.
Vestergaard T. R. , 'Prevalence of t(12;21)[ETV6-RUNX1]-positive cells in healthy neonates ' (2011 ) 117 Blood : 186 -189 .
Greaves, M., Colman, S. M., Kearney, L., et al.: Fusion genes in cord blood. Blood, 2011, 117, 369–370.
Kearney L. , 'Fusion genes in cord blood ' (2011 ) 117 Blood : 369 -370 .
Quina, A. S., Gameiro, P., Sá da Costa, M., et al.:PML-RARA fusion transcripts in irradiated and normal hematopoietic cells. Genes Chromosomes Cancer, 2000, 29, 266–275.
Sá da Costa M. , 'PML-RARA fusion transcripts in irradiated and normal hematopoietic cells ' (2000 ) 29 Genes Chromosomes Cancer : 266 -275 .