Jóllehet, az élő szervezetek működésének napszaki és évszaki változása ősidők óta ismert volt, a cirkadián ritmus alaposabb ismerete és kölcsönhatásainak feltárása az utóbbi évtizedek kutatásainak eredménye. Kiderült, hogy a hypothalamus speciális régióiban, a suprachiasmaticus fotoszenzitív magcsoportban helyezkedik el a központi, „master” CLOCK, amely a fény–sötétség ~24 órás periódusa szerint működik, és a legtöbb perifériás szervben elhelyezkedő „slave CLOCK”-okhoz továbbítja utasításait. A perifériás Clockok autonóm működésű magokkal is rendelkeznek, így például a pancreas β-sejtjeiben is. A CLOCK-rendszer két esszenciális komponense a CLOCK és a BMAL1. A CLOCK-gének szoros kölcsönhatásban vannak az endonukleáris receptorcsaládokkal (Rev-erb-α és peroxiszómaproliferátor aktiválta receptorok), valamint a hypothalamus-hypophysis-mellékvese tengellyel, így szabályozva a stresszhez való alkalmazkodást, energiaellátást, a metabolikus folyamatokat, a szervezet immunitását. A CLOCK-rendszer működésében meghatározó szerepe van a tobozmirigyben termelődő melatoninnak. A CLOCK-szisztéma működésének feltárása a klinikum számos területén megváltoztatja a kórképek kialakulásának és terápiájának eddigi ismereteit. A legjobban feltárt területek közé tartoznak a hypertonia, a diabétesz, az onkológiai betegségek, a cardiovascularis katasztrófaállapotok, az alvási apnoe, a mozgásszervi kórképek, a mentális betegségek. A CLOCK-rendszernek szerepe van az öregedésben is. A biológiai folyamatok periodicitásának megismerése lehetővé teszi a gyógyszerek adagolásának optimális időzítését. A CLOCK-szisztéma működésének, kölcsönhatásainak további feltárása javíthatja számos kórkép terápiáját és megelőzését is. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 1370–1379.
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