A Borrelia miyamotoi-t 1995-ben fedezték fel. Ez egy, emberben visszatérő lázat (relapsing fever, febris recurrens) okozó baktérium, amelyet az Ixodes ricinus fajcsoportba tartozó kullancsok terjesztenek. Ez a kórokozó genetikailag, járványtanilag és az általa okozott kórkép tekintetében is különbözik a szintén kullancsok által terjesztett Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Lyme spirochaeta) baktériumoktól. Eddig világszerte több mint 50 heveny lázas megbetegedésben szenvedő páciensből mutatták már ki, ezenfelül három tumoros betegben meningoencephalitist okozott ez a kórokozó. A különböző élőhelyeken található kullancsok és gazdáik fertőzöttségének mértéke, eloszlása és a fertőzés mechanizmusa nem tisztázott még. A B. miyamotoi elsősorban lázat okoz, ami miatt más, kullancsok által terjesztett fertőzésekkel is összetéveszthető. Az utóbbi évek intenzív vizsgálatai alapján nemcsak egyre több földrajzi régióból mutatják ki ezt a baktériumot kullancsokból, de folyamatosan növekszik a publikált humán esetszám is, ezért növekvő jelentőségű (emerging) kórokozóként tartják számon. Irodalmi áttekintésünkben összegezzük az eddigi ismereteinket a Borrelia miyamotoi-val kapcsolatban. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(29): 1124–1130.
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