Az elsődleges kezelés után a Hodgkin-lymphomás betegek 10–30%-a relabál vagy refrakter. Jelenleg elsőként autológ haemopoeticus őssejt-transzplantáció javasolt ezekben az esetekben, bár ezt követően csak a betegek fele gyógyul meg, a medián teljes túlélés is mindössze 2–2,5 év. Számos prognosztikai tényező határozza meg az autológ haemopoeticus őssejt-transzplantáció sikerességét, amelyek figyelembevételével, szükség esetén konszolidációs kezelés alkalmazásával az eredmények javíthatók. Az autológ őssejt-transzplantáció után relabáló betegeknek még kedvezőtlenebb a túlélése, és ennek a betegcsoportnak a kezelése jelenti a legnagyobb kihívást a Hodgkin-lymphoma terápiája során. Szerencsére az utóbbi években számos új kezelési mód vált elérhetővé, így a brentuximab vedotin és az immuncheckpoint-gátlók, amelyektől a túlélési és gyógyulási eredmények javulását reméljük. Az allogén transzplantáció eredményei is javulhatnak a haploidentikus transzplantáció alkalmazásával. Összefoglalónkban ezeket az új lehetőségeket mutatjuk be. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(34): 1338–1345.
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