Az antibiotikumokkal szemben rezisztens baktériumok okozta infekciók növekvő gyakorisága napjaink egyik legfontosabb közegészségügyi problémája. A Gram-negatív speciesek túlélésük érdekében különféle módokon védekeznek az antibiotikumok hatásával szemben: bontó és átalakító enzimeket termelnek, megváltoztatják permeabilitásukat, illetve eltávolítják magukból a gyógyszermolekulákat. A súlyos, nosocomialis infekciók kórokozói között mind nagyobb arányban fordulnak elő számos fertőzésellenes szerrel szemben ellenálló (multirezisztens, extenzív rezisztens, illetve pánrezisztens) törzsek. A probléma megoldásának egyik útját új antibiotikumok fejlesztése jelentheti. A ceftolozán-tazobaktám olyan új béta-laktám + béta-laktamáz-gátló kombináció, amely ellenáll a széles spektrumú béta-laktamáz enzimek többségének, emellett kiemelkedő Pseudomonas-ellenes hatékonysággal bír. Olyan törzsekkel szemben is alkalmazható, amelyek a porinvesztés vagy az efflux pumpa aktiválódása miatt váltak rezisztenssé a korábban még hatékony béta-laktámokkal szemben. A ceftazidim-avibaktám hatásspektrumából kiemelendő, hogy a karbapenemáz- (KPC-) termelő bélbaktériumokkal szemben is hatásos. Az új szerek bevezetése mellett kiemelt gyakorlati jelentőséggel bír a hatékony infekciókontroll-rendszer működtetése és az antiinfektív szerek szabályozott, körültekintő alkalmazása (antimikrobiális stewardship). Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(39): 1528–1534.
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