A rosszindulatú daganatok kezelésének leggyakoribb szájüregi komplikációja a mucositis. Az oralis mucositis gyermekkorban sokkal gyakoribb és súlyosabb, mint felnőttek esetében, s különösen igaz ez a leukaemiás gyermekekre. A kemoterápiás szerek a gyorsan osztódó nyálkahártyasejteket is károsítják, így jönnek létre a szájüregi laesiók. A fájdalmas nyálkahártyafekélyek miatt a beteg számára nehezített az evés, az ivás, a nyelés és gyakran a beszéd is. Az oralis mucositis direkt hatással van az életminőségre, és befolyásolhatja a túlélést. A szájnyálkahártya rendszeres vizsgálata elengedhetetlen a kezelés alatt, hogy a mucositis megelőzésének és kezelésének hatékonyságát értékelni lehessen. Számtalan, felnőttek számára kifejlesztett osztályozási rendszer létezik az oralis mucositis tüneteinek észlelésére és mérésére, de gyermekek számára kifejlesztett, általánosan elfogadott módszer nincs. A daganatterápia hatására létrejövő mucositis megelőzése és kezelése nem egyszerű, annak ellenére, hogy már számos módszert és farmakológiai ágenst kipróbáltak. Összefoglalónkban ismertetjük a kemoterápia során kialakuló oralis mucositis létrejöttének lehetséges mechanizmusait, a tünetek értékelésére alkalmas módszereket és azok használhatóságát gyermekek esetében, valamint az oralis mucositis megelőzésének és kezelésének lehetőségeit. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(13): 495–502.
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