A diabetes mellitus magas vércukorszinttel járó krónikus metabolikus kórelváltozások heterogén csoportját jelöli. A diabetes az élethosszig tartó kezelés, gondozás és a markáns cardiovascularis szövődmények medicinális, szociális, társadalmi következményeinek ellátása vagy éppen el nem látása miatt az egyik leginkább költségigényes megbetegedés, az egészségügyi erőforrások 2–20%-át foglalja le. Cardiovascularis profilú belgyógyászati és sebészeti betegellátó rendszerekben a cukorbetegek aránya a 30–40%-ot is elérheti. Diabetes mellitusban a hyperglykaemia, az inzulinrezisztencia és a megváltozott lipidanyagcsere kóros metabolikus miliőt teremt. Az endothelsejtben kóros biokémiai, sejt- és szöveti szintű elváltozások alakulnak ki, melyek endotheldiszfunkcióhoz, majd a micro- és a macrovascularis keringés károsodásához vezetnek. Diabetes mellitusban thrombocytadiszfunkció is kialakul, mert a glükóz a vérlemezkék sejtmembránján is inzulinfüggetlen transzporterrel jut át. A vérplazmaalvadási faktorok koncentrációja a gyulladásos folyamatok miatt megemelkedik, és fenotípusuk az oxidáció, nitrolizáció, glikáció miatt megváltozik. Cukorbetegségben tehát direkt és indirekt hatások következtében a prothromboticus folyamatok erősödnek, az antithromboticus tendenciák gyengülnek, ez a haemostasis kóros thrombogen eltolódásával jár. Az endotheldiszfunkció és a haemostasis egyensúlyvesztésének „from bench to clinical basics” ismeretei megteremtik a lehetőséget, hogy alaposan meg tudjuk érteni a terápiás lépéseket, melyek áttekintése egy következő munka feladata lesz. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(33): 1335–1345.
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