Korábbi tanulmányok igazolták, hogy a plazma high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-szintje fordítottan arányos a szív- és érrendszeri betegségek kialakulásának kockázatával. Az utóbbi évtizedekben azonban nyilvánvalóvá vált, hogy a HDL szerkezete és működése kulcsfontosságú az érelmeszesedést gátló hatás kialakulásában. Az apolipoprotein M (ApoM) egy HDL-hez kötött plazmafehérje, mely befolyásolja a HDL metabolizmusát és számos, érelmeszesedést gátló hatással rendelkezik, például véd az oxidációval szemben és szabályozza a sejtek koleszterinleadását. A szfingozin-1-foszfát (S1P) egy hatékony szfingolipidközvetítő molekula, mely a sejtek különböző funkcióit szabályozza, beleértve a sejtek differenciációját és migrációját, a programozott sejthalált és az érfali gyulladást. Az S1P főként az ApoM-et tartalmazó HDL-részecskékhez kötötten kering. Mindezek alapján a HDL ApoM- és S1P-tartalma kihat az érelmeszesedés folyamatára. Ráadásul a HDL ApoM- és S1P-tartalma módosulhat különböző kórállapotokban, például ischaemiás szívbetegség fennállása esetén. Ez az összefoglaló áttekinti a jelenleg rendelkezésre álló adatokat az ApoM és az S1P HDL-funkcióban betöltött szerepéről egészségesekben és cardiovascularis betegség fennállása esetén. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(5): 168–175.
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