Authors:
Katalin Varga Eötvös Loránd University Centre for Affective Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology Izabella u. 46 H-1064 Budapest Hungary

Search for other papers by Katalin Varga in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Csaba Diószeghy Eötvös Loránd University Centre for Affective Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology Izabella u. 46 H-1064 Budapest Hungary

Search for other papers by Csaba Diószeghy in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
, and
Gábor Fritúz Eötvös Loránd University Centre for Affective Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology Izabella u. 46 H-1064 Budapest Hungary

Search for other papers by Gábor Fritúz in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
Restricted access

Mechanical ventilation (MV) is a life saving method usually applied in the Intensive Care Units (ICU) for patients in a critical condition. Today it is more and more obvious that patients treated in the ICU require not only intensive physical (medical) care, but also intensive psychological support in order to avoid severe stress and to cope with the situation. They need help to understand the aim and helpfulness of the treatment, and information about the peculiar or frightening aspects of the situation, in order to promote positive processing. In this paper we summarise an approach, called psychological support based on positive suggestions (PSBPS), where patients on MV were supported with suggestions based on the principles of hypnotic communication. We present the foci of the phases of (1) initiation, (2) maintenance and (3) weaning off from MV from a psychological point of view, along with some verbatim suggestions we used with patients during these three completely different phases of MV. The main results of a randomised prospective study testing the effectiveness of PSBPS are presented briefly.

  • Bejenke, C.J. (1996) ‘Painful Medical Procedures’ in J. Barber, ed., Hypnosis and Suggestion in the Treatment of Pain (Norton & Company: New York & London) 209-65.

    Bejenke C.J. , '', in Hypnosis and Suggestion in the Treatment of Pain , (1996 ) -.

  • Bejenke, C.J. (1996) ‘Preparation of Patients for Stressful Medical Interventions: Some very Simple Approaches’ in B. Peter, B. Trenkle, F.C. Kinzel, C. Duffner & A. Iost-Peter, eds., Hypnosis International Monographs, No 2.: Munich Lectures on Hypnosis and Psychotherapy (MEG-Stiftung: Munich) 27-36.

    Bejenke C.J. , '', in Hypnosis International Monographs, No 2.: Munich Lectures on Hypnosis and Psychotherapy , (1996 ) -.

  • Bergbom-Engberg, I. & H. Haljamae (1989) ‘Assessment of Patients’ Experience of Discomforts during Respiratory Therapy’, Critical Care Medicine 17, 1068–72.

    Haljamae H. , 'Assessment of Patients’ Experience of Discomforts during Respiratory Therapy ' (1989 ) 17 Critical Care Medicine : 1068 -72 .

    • Search Google Scholar
  • Carson, S.S., C.E. Cox, G.M. Holmes, A. Howard & T.S. Carey (2006) ‘The Changing Epidemiology of Mechanical Ventilation: A Population-Based Study’, Journal of Intensive Care Medicine 21, 173–82.

    Carey T.S. , 'The Changing Epidemiology of Mechanical Ventilation: A Population-Based Study ' (2006 ) 21 Journal of Intensive Care Medicine : 173 -82 .

    • Search Google Scholar
  • Cheek, D.B. (1958) ‘Hypnosis an Additional Tool in Human Reorientation to Stress’, Northwest Medicine 57, 177–82.

    Cheek D.B. , 'Hypnosis an Additional Tool in Human Reorientation to Stress ' (1958 ) 57 Northwest Medicine : 177 -82 .

    • Search Google Scholar
  • Cheek, D.B. (1969) ‘Communication with the Critically Ill’, American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis 12, 75–85.

    Cheek D.B. , 'Communication with the Critically Ill ' (1969 ) 12 American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis : 75 -85 .

    • Search Google Scholar
  • Criner, J. & L. Isaac (1994) ‘Psychological Problems in the Ventilator-Dependent Patient’ in M.J. Tobin, ed., Principles and Practice of Mechanical Ventilation (McGraw-Hill: New York) 1163-72.

    Isaac L. , '', in Principles and Practice of Mechanical Ventilation , (1994 ) -.

  • Diószeghy, Cs. & K. Varga (2002) ‘The Use of Hypnotic Suggestions with Patients in the Intensive Care Unit’ in B. Peter, W. Bongartz, D. Revenstorf & W. Butollo, eds., Hypnosis International Monographs , No 6. (MEG-Stiftung: Munich) 175-83.

    Varga K. , '', in Hypnosis International Monographs No 6. , (2002 ) -.

  • Gil, B., F. Frutos-Vinar & A. Esteban (2003) ‘Deleterious Effects of Reintubation of Mechanically Ventilated Patients’, Clinical Pulmonary Medicine 10, 226–30.

    Esteban A. , 'Deleterious Effects of Reintubation of Mechanically Ventilated Patients ' (2003 ) 10 Clinical Pulmonary Medicine : 226 -30 .

    • Search Google Scholar
  • Hall-Lord, M.L., G. Larsson & B. Steen (1998) ‘Pain and Distress among Elderly Intensive Care Unit Patients: Comparison of Patients’ Experiences and Nurses’ Assessments’, Heart and Lung 27, 123–32.

    Steen B. , 'Pain and Distress among Elderly Intensive Care Unit Patients: Comparison of Patients’ Experiences and Nurses’ Assessments ' (1998 ) 27 Heart and Lung : 123 -32 .

    • Search Google Scholar
  • Hammond, D.C. (1990) Hypnotic Suggestions and Metaphors (Norton & Company: New York & London).

    Hammond D.C. , '', in Hypnotic Suggestions and Metaphors , (1990 ) -.

  • Hansell, H.N. (1984) ‘The Behavioral Effects of Noise on Man: The Patient with “Intensive Care Unit Psychosis”’, Heart & Lung: The Journal of Acute & Critical Care 13, 59–62.

    Hansell H.N. , 'The Behavioral Effects of Noise on Man: The Patient with “Intensive Care Unit Psychosis” ' (1984 ) 13 Heart & Lung: The Journal of Acute & Critical Care : 59 -62 .

    • Search Google Scholar
  • Kessler, R. & J. Dane (1996) ‘Psychological and Hypnotic Preparation for Anaesthesia and Surgery: An Individual Differences Perspective’, International Journal of Clinical Hypnosis 44, 189–207.

    Dane J. , 'Psychological and Hypnotic Preparation for Anaesthesia and Surgery: An Individual Differences Perspective ' (1996 ) 44 International Journal of Clinical Hypnosis : 189 -207 .

    • Search Google Scholar
  • Kornfeld, D.S. (1969) ‘Psychiatric View of the Intensive Care Unit’, British Medical Journal 1, 108–10.

    Kornfeld D.S. , 'Psychiatric View of the Intensive Care Unit ' (1969 ) 1 British Medical Journal : 108 -10 .

    • Search Google Scholar
  • Kress, J.P., A.S. Pohlman & J.B. Hall (2002) ‘Sedation and Analgesia in the Intensive Care Unit’, American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 166, 1024–28.

    Hall J.B. , 'Sedation and Analgesia in the Intensive Care Unit ' (2002 ) 166 American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine : 1024 -28 .

    • Search Google Scholar
  • Kress, J.P., B. Gehlbach, M. Lacy, N. Pliskin, A.S. Pohlman & J.B. Hall (2003) ‘The Long Term Psychological Effects of Daily Sedative Interruption on Critically Ill Patients’, American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 168, 1457–61.

    Hall J.B. , 'The Long Term Psychological Effects of Daily Sedative Interruption on Critically Ill Patients ' (2003 ) 168 American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine : 1457 -61 .

    • Search Google Scholar
  • K. Szilágyi, A., Cs. Diószeghy, L. Benczúr & K. Varga (2007) ‘Effectiveness of Psychological Support Based on Positive Suggestions with Ventilated Patients’, European Journal of Mental Helath 2, 149–70.

    Varga K. , 'Effectiveness of Psychological Support Based on Positive Suggestions with Ventilated Patients ' (2007 ) 2 European Journal of Mental Helath : 149 -70 .

    • Search Google Scholar
  • Pennock, B.E., L. Crawshaw, T. Maher, T. Price & P.D. Kaplan (1994) ‘Distressful Events in the ICU as Perceived by Patients Recovering from Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery’, Heart & Lung: The Journal of Acute & Critical Care 23, 323–27.

    Kaplan P.D. , 'Distressful Events in the ICU as Perceived by Patients Recovering from Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery ' (1994 ) 23 Heart & Lung: The Journal of Acute & Critical Care : 323 -27 .

    • Search Google Scholar
  • Puntillo, K.A. (1990) ‘Pain Experiences of Intensive Care Unit Patients’, Heart & Lung: The Journal of Acute & Critical Care 19, 526–33.

    Puntillo K.A. , 'Pain Experiences of Intensive Care Unit Patients ' (1990 ) 19 Heart & Lung: The Journal of Acute & Critical Care : 526 -33 .

    • Search Google Scholar
  • Puntillo, K.A. (2003) ‘Pain Assessment and Management in the Critically Ill: Wizardry or Science?’, American Journal of Critical Care 12, 310–16.

    Puntillo K.A. , 'Pain Assessment and Management in the Critically Ill: Wizardry or Science? ' (2003 ) 12 American Journal of Critical Care : 310 -16 .

    • Search Google Scholar
  • Rotondi, A.J., L. Chelluri, C. Sirio, A. Mendelsohn, R. Schulz, B. Steven, I. Kelly, M. Donahoe & M.R. Pinsky (2002) ‘Patients’ Recollections of Stressful Experiences while Receiving Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation in an Intensive Care Unit’, Critical Care Medicine 30, 746–52.

    Pinsky M.R. , 'Patients’ Recollections of Stressful Experiences while Receiving Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation in an Intensive Care Unit ' (2002 ) 30 Critical Care Medicine : 746 -52 .

    • Search Google Scholar
  • Russell, S. (1999) ‘An Exploratory Study of Patients’ Perceptions, Memories and Experiences of an Intensive Care Unit’, Journal of Advanced Nursing 29, 783–91.

    Russell S. , 'An Exploratory Study of Patients’ Perceptions, Memories and Experiences of an Intensive Care Unit ' (1999 ) 29 Journal of Advanced Nursing : 783 -91 .

    • Search Google Scholar
  • Schelling, G., C. Stoll, M. Haller, J. Briegel, W. Manert, T. Hummel, A. Lenhardtz, M. Heyduck, J. Polasek, M. Meier, U. Preuss, M. Bullinger, W. Schuffel & K. Peter (1998) ‘Health-Related Quality of Life and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Survivors of the Acute Respiratory Distess Syndrome’, Critical Care Medicine 26, 651–59.

    Peter K. , 'Health-Related Quality of Life and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Survivors of the Acute Respiratory Distess Syndrome ' (1998 ) 26 Critical Care Medicine : 651 -59 .

    • Search Google Scholar
  • Simini, B. (1999) ‘Patients’ Perceptions of Intensive Care’, The Lancet 354, 571–72.

    Simini B. , 'Patients’ Perceptions of Intensive Care ' (1999 ) 354 The Lancet : 571 -72 .

    • Search Google Scholar
  • Slonim, N.B. , ed. (1974) Environmental Physiology (Mosby: St. Louis).

    '', in Environmental Physiology , (1974 ) -.

  • Topf, M. (2000) ‘Hospital Noise Pollution: An Environmental Stress Model to Guide Research and Clinical Interventions’, Journal of Advanced Nursing 31, 520–28.

    Topf M. , 'Hospital Noise Pollution: An Environmental Stress Model to Guide Research and Clinical Interventions ' (2000 ) 31 Journal of Advanced Nursing : 520 -28 .

    • Search Google Scholar
  • Van de Leur, J.P., C.P. Van der Schans, B.G. Loef, B.G. Deelman, J.H.B. Geertzen & J.H. Zwaveling (2004) ‘Discomfort and Factual Recollection in Intensive Care Unit Patients’, Critical Care 8, R467–R473, retrieved 19 March 2007 from http://ccforum.com/content/8/6/R467

    Zwaveling J.H. , 'Discomfort and Factual Recollection in Intensive Care Unit Patients ' (2004 ) 8 Critical Care : R467 -R473 .

    • Search Google Scholar
  • Varga, K. & Cs. Diószeghy (2003) ‘The Use of Hypnotic Communication and Hypnotic Suggestions in the Intensive Care Unit’, Hypnos 30, 16–26.

    Diószeghy Cs. , 'The Use of Hypnotic Communication and Hypnotic Suggestions in the Intensive Care Unit ' (2003 ) 30 Hypnos : 16 -26 .

    • Search Google Scholar
  • Varga, K. (2004) ‘The Possible Explanation of Metaphors in Re-Interpreting Negative Life Events: Our Experiences with the Critically Ill’, Hypnos 31, 201–07.

    Varga K. , 'The Possible Explanation of Metaphors in Re-Interpreting Negative Life Events: Our Experiences with the Critically Ill ' (2004 ) 31 Hypnos : 201 -07 .

    • Search Google Scholar
  • Weitzenhoffer, A.M. (1989) The Practice of Hypnotism (Wiley: New York).

    Weitzenhoffer A.M. , '', in The Practice of Hypnotism , (1989 ) -.

  • Collapse
  • Expand

European Journal of Mental Health
Language English
Size  
Year of
Foundation
2006
Publication
Programme
ceased
Volumes
per Year
 
Issues
per Year
 
Founder Semmelweis Egyetem
Founder's
Address
H-1085 Budapest, Hungary Üllői út 26.
Publisher Akadémiai Kiadó
Publisher's
Address
H-1117 Budapest, Hungary 1516 Budapest, PO Box 245.
Responsible
Publisher
Chief Executive Officer, Akadémiai Kiadó
ISSN 1788-4934 (Print)
ISSN 1788-7119 (Online)