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Elmélet és gyakorlat kapcsolata •
Műegyetemi építészkari tervezési munkák az 1950-es évekből
The Relationship Between Theory and Practice •
Design Works of the Faculty of Architecture at the Budapest Technical University in the 1950s
The article examines the relationship between theory and practice through the history of architecture education, considering the possibilities of the 1950s from the perspective of teachers and students. This period may be the subject of separate research for two reasons. On the one hand, at the turn of the 1940s and 1950s, private offices were replaced by large state owned design institutes, and so professors could no longer pursue independent design activities in addition to education, although not long ago the two were even more physically intertwined as they could operate their offices within the university departments. The other that may have attracted interest in the early 1950s is the emergence of the socialist realist style dictatorship, to which education also had to adapt. The importance of practical experience for design instructors was recognized from all directions, so a solution was soon found: as a working community of design departments in the faculty of architecture they were invited to apply for large-scale design competitions or they were contacted directly. The study lists the departmental works published in the journal Magyar Építőművészet recently and presents the current architectural tendencies through them, which also had a clear effect on the education at the Technical University. In the following topic we deal with the possibilities of the students, since in the education system of architecture, in addition to the acquisition of theoretical knowledge, the widest possible expansion of practical knowledge has been of great importance – both in the past and today. Students could also take part in certain departmental tasks, or in design competitions, working with a special permit, and all of them were obliged to participate in the summer practical construction camps from 1951 onwards. With the help of personal recalls, we also look at how satisfied the teachers and students were with their tasks outside the university – so the archival and literature sources are supplemented with personal points of view.
Abstract
The design of supported embankments on soft soil is a common challenge for civil engineers. This article aims to evaluate the performance of three advanced constitutive models for predicting the behavior of soft soils, i.e., hardening soil, hardening soil model with small-strain stiffness, and soft soil creep. A case study of a rigid inclusion-supported embankment is used for this purpose. Plaxis 3D program was adopted to predict the settlements in subsoil layers and vertical stresses in the load transfer platform. Comparison between field measurements and result of Plaxis 3D modeling was performed. Results demonstrate that soft soil creep model yields predictions in a good agreement with the field measurements, while hardening soil small strain model gives slightly worst predictions.
Abstract
This article discusses the topical issue of improving the distribution of air in the premise due to application of the all type rectangular air streams: flat, axisymmetric and rectangular ones. The purpose of the article is research of the all types rectangular air streams, analytical dependencies obtaining for determination of the air velocity attenuation coefficient, aerodynamic local resistance coefficient and noise level from the ratio of slit length to its height; optimization of the inflow slit side's ratio. It has been established that increase of the inflow slit sides ratio results in the air velocity attenuation coefficient decrease and results in increase of the noise level and resistance coefficient of the rectangular slit. The optimal ratio of the sides of a rectangular slit is determined by the combination of aerodynamics and energetics, as well as of the sound power level.
Abstract
This article presents an analytical and numerical assessment of load-bearing capacity of a beam-to-column joint. Two possibilities have been examined: a joint reinforced with a fastened haunch on the side of a compressed flange of a beam and a joint with no reinforcement. The load-bearing capacity and rotational stiffness of joint and has been calculated. Distribution of stresses and deformations in particular components of the joint has been determined. The results of analytical and numerical calculations have been compared, proving that the load-bearing capacity of the joint calculated on the basis of analytical approach provides safer results (for a reinforced and non-reinforced joint), and however in certain cases it may lead to oversizing of the connection.
Abstract
Wind generation is regarded by many as the future of renewable energy source, but the difficulty of recycling end-of-life wind turbine components could create another kind of environmental pollution. Either landfill or incineration of end-of-life wind turbine components will cause environmental hazards. However, the current recycling technology is immature and economical. Make clean energy ‘cleaner’! The recycling of end-of-life wind turbine rotor hub and blades has become a new goal and task for architects and designers. This article uses a real project reconstructed by end-of-life wind turbine components to demonstrate the positive role of spatial narrative in achieving low-carbon and sustainable design.
Abstract
The floodplains of the Tisza River, stretching across the eastern part of Hungary, are often affected by riverine and inland excess water flooding and draught. This paper investigates a possible solution to this problem utilizing the water retention capabilities of old floodplains. In this study, the effect of the position of the inlet structures of a floodplain, near Csongrád town, was examined with HEC-RAS 1D-2D coupled model. Based on the results, the rules of the deep floodplain selection were determined. On the extended model, the possibilities of a deep floodplain storage area chain have been explored. According to the estimate, more than 2.36 km3 potential storage capacity is available along the Hungarian section of the Tisza River.
Abstract
In order to develop and enhance the quality of life in Tunisian urban spaces, the integration of street furniture became a new challenge for urban designers to use new methods and techniques to combine functionality and aesthetics into their design. The main objective of this paper is to focus on the analysis of the street furniture user’s needs in urban spaces to understand and discuss the requirements that should be considered while designing.
Abstract
Nature-based solutions use a holistic viewpoint to address social challenges while providing environmental, social and economic benefits simultaneously. The Victoria Quay is a historical space with complex social and environmental issues. This study uses an investigation-oriented method to explore the re-planning strategies. The environmental problems are addressed by extending the green infrastructure into the site to recover the ecological corridor and alleviate flooding risks. The originally single land-use type is changed, and several historical buildings are transformed into landmarks to improve the connection with city center by linking the ‘golden route’. All the proposed measures tried to reactivate the various relationships rather than merely renew the Victoria Quay.
Abstract
Based on the theory of space syntax, this research conducts a quantitative study on the four stages of Zhanjiang urban spatial organization system, and draws the urban evolution process. This study found that the development strategy of different periods has a huge impact on the urban development. It determines the structural basis of the original urban space and creates strong development inertia. According to these research results, it can provide an effective theoretical reference for the future spatial expansion of the city.
Abstract
With the rapid development of China’s urbanization, a large number of people have moved from rural to urban areas. People have proposed higher and more urgent needs for the urban environment. Particularly, the urban street landscape is close to people’s lives, and the upgrading of design methods can improve the quality of life. Besides, the application of artificial intelligence design has become possible as information technology develops. In this paper, a visual simulator is established through algorithm models and applied to street landscape design.
