Abstract
Prescribed and supported by the state, public catering in Hungary fulfils a common social need; its aim is to meet the nutritional requirements of consumers in terms of both quantity and quality. Public catering is legally regulated and is also important from the perspective of health policy. As the smallest unit of common catering, family meals differ from public catering in several respects. One fundamental difference is that public catering rests on scientific foundations: it is planned, organized, and controlled by a qualified manager. This manager may be a trained dietitian or a catering manager, according to the National Qualifications Register. The training for these two roles is interlinked and goes back more than a century.
Abstract
The present study examines the Hungarian practice of public catering for children from an economic perspective, bearing in mind that the production and consumption of food is, at the same time, an economic activity. Taking this approach, we focus on which institutions contribute to or hinder efficiency, by which we mean the efforts of economic agents to generate maximum welfare from the available (meager) resources. For social reasons, the supply of public catering for children is a statutory obligation on the part of local authorities, where efficiency must be combined with social considerations. The study reviews the rationing mechanism of school meals catering as a public service, looking first at the main factors determining the level of demand for public catering for children, and then at the main factors that influence supply.
Abstract
The study examines the provision of school-holiday meals for children and shows how it is embedded in society. Proper nutrition is very important for children's physical and cognitive development. However, international research shows that children's social and cultural background has a significant impact on their nutrition. To reduce these disparities and ensure that all children have a healthy diet, effective government intervention is necessary. In Hungary, school canteens and free meals during school holidays for children in need serve this purpose. The latter service is of great importance for the children of families affected by food poverty. Yet, statistics show that some of these children are unable to use this service. This study examines the period before 2016 and highlights the social embeddedness of the service and its consequences on the provision. Whether child food poverty is perceived as a social issue and a common cause generating community intervention largely depends on the local actor's correct perception of the issue, the local appraisal of need, and the consideration of parents' “deservingness.” The study also makes some suggestions about areas where further interventions should focus to improve the nutrition of children affected by food poverty.
Abstract
In Sweden, free school lunch has been served for more than a hundred years, and it is now a democratic right of all elementary school children. The school meal has always been associated with different opinions and subject to much debate. The aim of the study is to explore school meal food and taste memories in a convenient sample of Swedish adults. A web-based survey was carried out in the summer of 2020. The 246 respondents attended school between the 1940s and the early 2000s. The material was collectively analyzed using NVivo 12 Pro (QSR International), resulting in two overarching themes. “The traditional school food heritage” theme consisted of accounts of traditional Swedish food through the ages and meanings attached to it. Memories were connected to likes and dislikes of certain foods and dishes. “The social school food heritage” theme consisted of accounts of coercion, control, and peer pressure, but also joy, friendship, and commensality. The Swedish school meal is a shared experience surrounded by strong feelings and memories regarding the food and the context. It means a lot both culturally and socially, acting as a carrier of a common food heritage.
Abstract
In the social sciences, it is a classic practice to contrast the development of the countryside and the city as two endpoints of a chain. However, since the beginning of the 21st century, the validity of the rural-urban dichotomy has been increasingly questioned, and we are now talking about two interconnected and complementary systems instead. In examining contemporary school meals, we ourselves observed this close and varied pattern of intertwining between the city and the countryside. Therefore, we believe it is useful to identify rural and urban features in contemporary public catering practices, and to outline mixed models that can be placed between the two endpoints in space and time. All of this can be edifying because urbanized foodways, following current food health and gastronomic trends, sustainability, climate and environmental protection requirements, as well as social considerations, return from time to time to the old village farming practices and foodways in various ways, and utilize knowledge related to traditional farming. Illustrated with specific examples, the study outlines three types of school catering models, from the oldest practice called “rural” to the “urban” (urbanized) type. A comparison of these types of public catering practices reveals the problems observed in today’s public catering.
Abstract
Background and Aims
Advocates of psychedelic medicine have positioned psychedelics as a novel therapeutic intervention that will solve the mental health crisis by liberating individuals from their entrenched habits and limiting beliefs. Despite claims for novelty, the psychedelics industry is engaging in the same profit-oriented approaches that contributed to poor clinical outcomes with SSRIs and other earlier pharmaceuticals, which threatens to undermine their purported clinical benefits.
Methods
We present evidence that the liberatory rhetoric of psychedelic medicalization promotes neoliberal, individualised treatments for distress, which distracts from collective efforts to address root causes of suffering through systemic change. Drawing examples from the psychedelics industry, we illustrate how the discourse of psychedelic medicalisation subjects socially-determined distress to psychotropic intervention through the mechanisms of depoliticisation, productivisation, pathologisation, commodification, and de-collectivisation.
Results
Rather than disrupting or subverting the psychopharmaceutical status quo, the psychedelic industry's current instantiation aligns with and upholds key facets of neoliberal ideology by adhering to the same facilitative mechanisms that scholars identified in the antidepressant industry. We identify these common mechanisms in examples unique to the psychedelics industry, including the search for psychedelic analogues and political lobbying to reschedule psychedelics.
Conclusion
We demonstrate how a neoliberal mental health paradigm that individualises and interiorizes mental distress cannot meaningfully resolve suffering with ubiquitous origins in the current sociopolitical environment, which is characterised by inequality, precarity, exploitation, and ecological collapse. As a result, psychedelics must decouple from neoliberal incentives, and demonstrate efficacy, if they are to facilitate durable improvements in well-being and prosocial outcomes.
Abstract
Background
This study aimed at improving a real-time polymerase-chain-reaction (qPCR) assay for the detection of Histoplasma capsulatum, a fungal pathogen that can cause severe respiratory infections in humans, in clinical and soil samples.
Methods
Primer and probes were in-silico designed, in-silico and in-vitro evaluated including clinical biopsy materials and finally subjected to a real-world application with collected soil samples.
Results
Applying the qPCR assay with liver and lung biopsies from 71 patients each, including 59 patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), as well as with Sabouraud (SAB) agar culture as the diagnostic reference standard, diagnostic accuracy of the qPCR assay of 100% (5/5) sensitivity and 96% (63/66) specificity for liver samples and 100% (4/4) sensitivity and 94% (63/67) specificity for the lung samples was recorded. When applying the assay with soil samples from caves near of Presidente Figueiredo city, Amazonas, Brazil, one sample from the Maroaga cave was confirmed as positive.
Conclusions
The improved qPCR assessed in this study was successful in detecting H. capsulatum with high efficiency and accuracy in in-vitro evaluation, including the identification of the target pathogen in both clinical and environmental samples.
Abstract
In our study, using a combination of eye-tracking parameter analysis and the van Westendorp method, we investigate whether participants pay more attention to products that they perceive as more expensive or to those that they prefer in the ranking process. The experiment involved 50 participants, a questionnaire with ranking and pricing tasks, and an eye-tracking measurement. Three wine varieties (Irsai Olivér, Rosé and Merlot-Shiraz) and three different label alternatives were tested. When comparing the results of the ranking and the pricing tasks, the product that is considered more expensive is not always the one that is most appealing to the participants. If we compare the results from the analysis of the eye-tracking parameters and the pricing, we can say that in all cases the labels that received the most visual attention were those that were priced more expensively by the participants.
A Morbid Kíváncsiság Skála magyar nyelvű változatának adaptációja
Adaptation of the Hungarian version of the Morbid Curiosity Scale: MCS validation
Háttér és célkitűzések
Az erőszakos, kellemetlen vagy halálhoz köthető tartalmak iránti érdeklődés a morbid kíváncsiság mértékével jellemezhető. Az ilyen tartalmak általában félelmet, undort, illetve elkerülő viselkedést váltanak ki, ugyanakkor egyes embereket a kiváltott arousal emelkedés miatt mégis vonzanak. A jelenség részletesebb feltárásával pontosabb képet kaphatunk arról, milyen tényezők játszanak szerepet olyan specifikus fóbiák esetén, ahol mind az undor, mind pedig a félelem releváns érzelmi reakció. A jelen tanulmány célja a Morbid Kíváncsiság Skála pszichometriai elemzése egy megfelelően nagy és az életkor szempontjából diverz magyar anyanyelvű mintán.
Módszer
A kutatás során összesen 592 fő (442 nő, 150 férfi) töltötte ki a kérdőívcsomagot. A kitöltők átlagéletkora 34,2 év (SD: 10,64; terjedelem: 18–73 év). A Morbid Kíváncsiság Skála mellett a résztvevők a Szenzoros Élménykereséses Skálát és az Undorérzékenység Skálát töltötték ki. A Morbid Kíváncsiság Skála pszichometriai mutatóit klasszikus és modern tesztelméleti eljárásokkal is ellenőriztük.
Eredmények
A Morbid Kíváncsiság Skála megfelelő pszichometriai mutatókkal rendelkezik a vizsgált magyar mintán. A kérdőív tételei megfelelően diszkriminálnak a látens változó különböző szintjeivel rendelkező kitöltők között, és a kérdőív megbízhatóan mér az átlaghoz viszonyított kétszeres szórástartományban. A kérdőív összpontszáma és alskáláinak pontszámai pozitív irányú összefüggést mutattak a szenzoros élménykereséssel, míg az összpontszám, az Erőszak és a Test megsértése alksálák pedig az undorérzékenységgel mutattak negatív irányú kapcsolatot.
Következtetések
Mindent összevetve eredményeink alapján a Morbid Kíváncsiság Skála magyar mintán is megbízható és érvényes kérdőív. A kérdőív releváns eszköz lehet kellemetlen vagy undorító tartalmakhoz való viszonyulás mérésére, a megközelítő-elkerülő viselkedéses rendszer vizsgálatára; mind kutatások, mind pedig terápiák során utánkövetésre.
Psychedelics and critical theory
A response to Hauskeller's individualization and alienation in psychedelic psychotherapy
Abstract
In the monograph Philosophy and Psychedelics: Frameworks for Exceptional Experience, Hauskeller raises the important subject of individualization and alienation in psychedelic psychotherapy. Under the prevailing conditions of neoliberalism, Hauskeller contends that psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy appropriates Indigenous knowledges in an oppressive fashion, may be instrumentalised to the ends of productivity gain and symptom suppression, and may be utilised to mask societal systems of alienation. Whilst offering a valuable socio-political critique of psychedelics' clinical uptake, we suggest that Hauskeller's view does not adequately acknowledge the ways in which psychedelics offer a challenge to the Western reductive bio-medical understanding of healing and wellbeing. It is contended herein that Indigenous knowledges, in alliance with a range of emerging sciences, offer both an engagement with ethnomedicines in a less harmfully appropriative fashion, and a renewed understanding of the means by which psychedelics achieve therapeutic change. With this understanding, what becomes apparent are the potential ways in which psychedelic medical usage may produce positive feedback upon the oppressive systems in which we are embedded. That is, transpersonal experience through encounters with the ineffable may offer a revisioning of Western psychology and cognitive science. Indeed, if psychedelics are approached with an understanding of the actual means by which they produce therapeutic outcomes—changing mental representations of the self, or self-insight derived through non-ordinary states of consciousness—then psychedelic psychotherapy offers a reimagining of psychiatric nosology, challenging conventional understandings of both pathology and wellbeing through an overturning of specified and discrete deficit models of psychopathology. This may provide both a critique of the prevailing categories used to describe madness and an expansion of our understanding of the mind-body relation, as well as an increased recognition of positive psychology grounded in cross-cultural contemplative traditions. This provides an implicit challenge to the pharmaceutical industrial-complex and its profit motives; and the corresponding neoliberalist, globalising tendencies which Hauskeller seeks to address.
Over integral domains of characteristics different from 2, we determine all the matrices
Comparative Study on the Optimal Topologies
Összehasonlító tanulmány optimális topológiákra
The topology optimization is a leading tool in structural design. Due to the rapidly spreading need of the industry, commercial software are available in the market. Generally, these software are suitable for solving one subtask (preprocessing, postprocessing, stress calculation, etc.) but need some user manipulation to interconnect to one that is better for some other subproblem. This is the reason why we write a study on the available software and make suggestions on their usability. The purpose of this research is to briefly introduce selected software such as Rhino 3D, Grasshopper, Peregrine, Karamba, Galapagos, polyTop and PolyStress using topology optimization theory. Due to the demand to apply them for industrial applications, the additional goal is to make suggestions to make these software programs more user-friendly and to create algorithms to connect with software used in the industry, such as Consteel. This work also discusses the connected algorithms and optimization methods such as layout optimization by Peregrine, and topology optimization by polyTop and PolyStress. Several illustrative videos are provided as supplements. In addition to the text of this paper one can see demonstrations of the applications by the use of the provided YOUTUBE links.
Abstract
The present paper has in its focus a letter written in Buda in the mid-1480s by a mysterious Hungarian author, Ioannes Pannonius, whose figure is shrouded in obscurity. After a brief overview of the letter, the paper summarises the misconceptions and uncertainties surrounding the identity of the mysterious author and then attempts to outline his biography on the basis of fragmentary information. Contrary to the Anglo-Saxon scholarly literature, it argues that the Hungarian author is neither a fiction nor an intellectual “avatar” of Ficino, whom he could challenge in the public ring of contemporary intellectual space in order to defend his own Platonic theory. And if he is not a fictional author, the significance of the short letter is not only that the head of the Florentine Platonic school, Marsilio Ficino, anticipating the later theological debates around Platonism in the 16th century, replies to the letter, but also that it is perhaps the first known, highly publicised debate in the history of Hungarian philosophy.
Abstract
Károly Kós, a pioneering master of 20th century Hungarian architecture, spent two years in Istanbul as a fellow of the newly established Hungarian Institute for Science in Constantinople between 1916 and 1917 to pursue research on the architecture of the Ottoman Empire. During this period, he created a whole series of drawings of numerous Byzantine and Ottoman historical buildings and street sections. A volume entitled Istanbul - Urban History and Architecture was published as a summary of his research. However, this historical event and the resulting publication have a far-reaching significance beyond themselves in many ways. Firstly, the aforementioned period was a significant turning point in Ottoman-Turkish architectural history. On the other hand, Kós's work is more than just an analysis of architectural and urban history.
This paper aims to provide an insight into the period and the turning point between the late Ottoman and the early Republican era of Turkey's history; the local context of Kós's activities in Istanbul and, at also to analyse the architectural-historical achievements of the Hungarian master's work in the location which he himself described as ‘The City”.
Clipeus Christianitatis. Egy nagymúltú európai szállóige képi megjelenítésének változatai Magyarországon a 17. század második felében és a 18. század elején
Clipeus Christianitatis variants of the visualization of a time-honoured european adage in Hungary in the second part of the 17th and early 19th centuries
The news of the peace of Westphalia in the autumn of 1648 certainly elicited great sighs of relief all over Europe, though contentedness was not yet universal. In countries over which the menace of the expansion and further advance of the Ottoman Empire loomed larger, the news generated a period of great hopes. This applied first of all to Hungary and Croatia where an optimistic public feeling began to spread wide. The main sources of this optimism were the influential politicians and their statements, who were both mouthpieces and shapers of the general attitude. Who were convinced that after 30 years of warfare a period of regeneration ought to come, and sooner or later – not in the distant future – what they had been painfully missing for decades, exactly since the reign of Emperor rudolph (†1612, rudolph I as king of Hungary): a major concerted anti-Ottoman military undertaking would be launched, a comprehensive campaign with the participation and support by Europe’s Christian countries initiated and controlled by the ruler of the Holy roman Empire and also king of Hungary ferdinand III. As the contemporary utterance of the politicizing Hungarian estates reveal, this optimistic expectation was paired with a zealous manifestation of a readiness to act. They voiced their great resolve with which the eligible population would take part and fight as effectively as their reserves allowed against the porte. This uncompromising intrepidity, the fight against the Ottomans at any price was fed – in addition to many glorious examples in the past – by several contemporary events. Clashes with great casualties which made great stirs in the Hungarian and European public life. Contemporaries hailed the fallen, including those of the ill-starred military encounter at vezekény on 26 August 1652, as inflaming examples of perseverance. In the eye of the contemporaries those killed in the clash – including four members of the aristocratic Esterházy family – set an inspiring example of moral courage in the teeth of Turkish superiority in numbers: in a hopeless battle they chose perseverance to the end, that is, heroic self-sacrifice, instead of surrendering. In addition to numerous quondam utterances including some quality works of literature testifying to the intrepidity and fighting value of the Hungarian estates, two works of the applied arts were also created with the aim of perpetuating the glorious memory of the fallen heroes.
The historic military events of the last one and a half decades in the 17th century – the triumphant termination of the Ottoman wars in Hungary, the expulsion of the Turks – overruled the original meaning of the time-honoured adage known all over Europe, the idea that Hungary was one of the safeguards/bulwarks of the western Christian community. Although it might have lost its topicality, it did not fall out of public remembrance. It underwent some modification, some shift of tone, the militant slogan of mobilization giving way to reference to the heroic deeds of the forefathers, to the glorious past, the historical merits of the kingdom, of Hungaria. Added to this – by way of a conclusion – is the profound conviction rooted in historical experience that it was not in vain to persevere above their strength against the pagan world power in calamitous times. To the contrary, the nation owed her well-nigh miraculous survival to it. After all, the fact that her disintegration and perdition could be avoided must have been by the will of divine providence. This idea is conveyed in a visual language by an extremely effective composition, an engraving made in Augsburg in the first decade of the 18th century undoubtedly upon a Hungarian commission. What were the Archabbot of pannonhalma p. Aegidius Karner’s ideas or intentions to have this engraving made? In the closing section of the paper an attempt is made to answer this question.
Dürer nyitott ajtós címere és a korai híradások apai őseiről
Dürer’s open door coat of arms: early news about his paternal ancestors
Albrecht Dürer’s name first appeared in Jacob Wimpfeling’s book on German history, printed in 1505, in which the Alsatian author praised the then famous artist. In his book on the work of Martin Schongauer, printed in Nuremberg in 1515, the humanist Christoph Scheurl mentioned that Dürer’s father was born in Cula, near the town of Várad in Hungary. He was therefore the first, albeit with an incorrect town name, to make this biographical information public. Joachim Camerarius also mentioned in the preface to his book on the artist’s symmetry, published posthumously in 1532, that Dürer’s paternal lineage was from Pannonia. The only surviving manuscript is the calligrapher Johann Neudorfer’s biography of Dürer, in which the artist’s father’s biography is in agreement with his family records. This knowledge also reached the Hungarian humanist János zsámboky (Sambucus), who compiled a Latin and Greek epigram in praise of Dürer, mentioning the Pannonian origins of the artist’s ancestors. This information was published in Adam Melchior’s book on the life of German scholars, published in 1615, in the section about Dürer. The artist’s own notes were published by Joachim von Sandrart in 1675.
From then on, this publication became the basis for biographies of Dürer. The present essay will now look at the reception of these family records in Hungary, with its pitfalls, especially the village of Ajtós and the Dürer name, as well as the related open-door coat of arms and the portrait of the artist’s father.
Emlékszerűség és egyöntetűség. Hauszmann, Stróbl, Lotz és a budapesti Igazságügyi palota központi csarnoka
Monumentalness and homogeneity Hauszmann, Stróbl, Lotz and the central hall of the Budapest Palace of Justice
The Palace of Justice opened in 1896 is among the country’s most important public buildings; its central hall is one of the most grandiose spaces of late historicism in size and decoration. A year after its inauguration Alajos Hauszmann, the architect, summed up the construction history and programme of the building, and the work appeared in ornate folio edition in 1901. the architect designed the central hall in the style of Rome’s baroque architecture reviving the spirit of antiquity, and also drew on the tradition of the space type of salles des pas perdus. As regards space forms and structures, its relatives are the halls of the palaces of justice in paris, Antwerp and Strasbourg.
The placing of the Justitia statue dominating the space was probably inspired by the central hall of Vienna’s Justizpalast and is permeated with the memory of antique temple interiors abounding in giant cultic statues. With its hieratic character, Stróbl’s statue reminds us of classical Rome’s enthroned Minerva and Dea Roma statues, the modelling of the dress and mantle imitating the Hellenistic and Roman baroque drapery styles.
The 19th century reconstructions of the rich mosaic and sculptural decorations of the spaces, walls and vaults of the Roman baths must have fertilized Hauszmann’s imagination and inspired him to envision the colouring and gilding of the surfaces and painted decoration of the ceiling, although the latter was also influenced by Roman baroque fresco painting. Károly Lotz designed the illusory architecture of the ceiling painting after Andrea del Pozzo by taking care to align the painted architectonic details with the framing mouldings and ornaments.
A cardinal element of the architectural program was the deliberately monumental effect and “homogeneity” of which – in Hauszmann’s view – fine arts were the “precondition and the instruments”. He himself chose the painter and sculptor for the decoration of the hall, because he deemed it important to give them “direction” and “enlightenment” through his personal influence to achieve a “homogeneously harmonious creation”. As a result, both the sculptor’s and the painter’s adaptation to Roman models and to the grandiosity of the formal idiom and dimensions of the hall can be perceived.
„Gyönyörű volt szál alakja”. Szent István király ikonográfiája a sokszorosított grafikában a 15. századtól a 19. század közepéig - Pótlások (új ábrázolások, adalékok és javítások)
“His stately figure was Beautiful” Iconography of king saint Stephen in graphic prints from the 15th to the mid-19th Century - Complementations (New representations, additions and corrections)
More than twenty years ago, in the “millennial year” (1 January 2000–20 August 2001), a representative work of scholarship was released in honour of the millennial anniversary of the foundation of the state (budapest, boda Antikvárium, 2001) about the representations of the first king of Hungary, Saint Stephen, in the medium of graphic prints. The publication was reviewed by noted scholars and has been referred continuously in special literature ever since.
It is common knowledge that the “image” of king Saint Stephen has been closely tied to Hungarian history, as a decisive personage at its turning points. After the publication of the book I have therefore kept tabs on and collected the data that enlarge, supplement and at a few times rectify its contents. for easier orientation, both the complementary material, the additions, and new representations are adjusted to the item numbers in the iconographic catalogue attached to the volume.
From among the addenda, one picture is a complementation to item 71, because in 2001 no copy of its first publication (1692) could be had. Among the sixteen addenda (27, 37, 46, 49, 62, 70, 79, 95, 96, 104, 108, 126, 153, 188, 191, 219) item 46 also received a new picture which arose as the “b” variant of the copperplate engraving (first published in 1626) in a so-far unknown, unique function in 1632. Another six items of the addenda also contain corrections (69, 76, 94, 100, 139, 139, 208), of which two (76, 100) name the original publication (1609 and 1612, resp.) of the two prints in the Hungarian Historical portrait Gallery removed from their original function. Six items of the corrigenda (5, 61, 75, 179, 187) make the description more accurate, with a picture added to one (187), restoring a cut-out copy kept in the Hungarian Historical picture Gallery now to its original function.
In the past two decades, the material of the volume has been enlarged by twenty five unpublished depictions, i.e. nearly by 10%. These pictures and descriptions collected on the basis of autopsy affect the period between 1493 and 1852, adjusted to the earlier chronology of the data. Their item number received the number of the preceding bibliographic description with the addition of an ‘a’ or two (5a, 35a, 55a, 70a, 79a, 81a, 90a, 90aa, 97a, 105a, 116a, 128a, 155a, 155aa, 187a, 188a, 192s, 193a, 215a, 216a, 216aa, 228a, 238a, 251a, 254a). The new representations are always attached pictures, and their description adopted the structure of the data in the 2001 volume.
Order of new information after the number of the item:
-
Title or iconographic type of the representation
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Title of the print without the religious texts. Latter only given when there is no title.
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Form of appearance
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Date of making
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Technique of production
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Place of making, signature
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Size by the producing technique and by the state of the sheet
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Bibliographic description of the source containing the representation, with the accurate place of the print in the work at issue
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Place of preservation and mark of the copy about which the description is made
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Remarks
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Bibliography
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can lead to serious health conditions thus vaccination is crucial, especially for elite athletes to avoid severe/prolonged symptoms after the coronavirus infection, which can significantly influence their sports performance. Yet, only a few studies examined immunization reactions after vaccination in elite athletes, and none in young athletes. Thus, we aimed to examine the prevalence and severity of any reactions after the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine in young elite athletes. Local and systemic reactions were assessed two to three days after first vaccination in adolescent elite athletes. 15 different reactions, more local than systemic reactions, were reported. The most prevalent local reaction was injection site pain, and nearly 20% of the adolescents reported severe pain. In the case of systemic reactions, half of the adolescents reported mild/moderate fatigue, and one-third experienced mild/moderate muscle pain and/or headache. The most prevalent co-occurrence was between injection site pain, pain in extremity, fatigue and muscle pain. Young elite athletes tended to feel more pain and sensation, partly due to the fact that the systemic circulation of their skeletal muscle allows an advanced spread of the vaccine, causing stronger immune reactions. The network of the reported reactions may provide a clue for understanding the connections of local and systemic reactions. These findings show that the profile of post-vaccine reactions in young elite athletes can differ from that of the general population, which could be important for the timing of vaccination, the planning of pre/post-vaccination protocol, and for returning to normal training intensity.
Magyar történelmi témák 18. századi bécsi festői: adatok Wenzel Pohl munkásságához és az August Rumelnek tulajdonított mohácsi csata-képhez
18th century viennese painters of Hungarian historical themes: addenda to Wenzel Pohl’s work and the battle of mohács painting attributed to August Rumel
Media news made the name of Wenzel Pohl known in Hungary in the early 2000s, for the two large history paintings (The Battle of Mohács, Saint Stephen converting the Hungarians to the christian faith), which had cropped up in the art trade and which were purchased by the Hungarian state and deposited in the Hungarian embassy in Vienna, were attributed to him. Although more recent research has proposed that the painter of the cycle once consisting of six pieces was most probably August Rumel and not Pohl, it is worth knowing of Pohl’s artistic activity irrespective of the Hungarian relevance, too, because his person is gradually fading out of art historiography – for example, his name is missing from the 96th volume of the Saur Allgemeines Künstlerlexikon published in 2017.
The best-known Pohl portraits are the ones he painted of the noted Jesuit astronomer, mathematician and physicist Miksa Hell. A full-figure portrait shows the scientist in traditional Sami costume during his research trip to the North, and we know of a portrait showing Hell is a monk’s frock. His engraved copies of paintings in the Viennese imperial collection, real forerunners to the representative 19th century album of prints presenting the collection, probably belong to a series. In the cycle of paintings about the coronation of Joseph II as Holy Roman Emperor (Frankfurt, 1765) he was assigned the painting of architectural details, which is confirmed by the fact that he was sent on a study trip to Frankfurt to make drawn sketches of the venues of the event. After the representative painting of Martin van Meytens he made a small-scale version of the group portrait of Maria Theresa and her family. His chef d’oeuvre is the representative painting series showing the events of the coronation of Maria Theresa in Pozsony in 1741 painted for the Hungarian court chancellery in Vienna. He painted it with Franz Messmer in the second half of the 1760s. In contrast, the three portraits of monarchs in Riesensaal in Innsbruck so far attributed to him by researchers were actually painted by Jakob Kohl.
The other part of the paper contributes a few new viewpoints to the examination of the painting about the battle of Mohács earlier attributed to Pohl. In addition to contemporaneous woodcuts of the tragic battle of 1526 in news-letters and pamphlets in German, to 16th century Turkish miniatures, and diverse 16–18th century European manuscript and book illustrations, a ceiling fresco in Garamszentbenedek and several large paintings – including Rumel’s work – also conjured up the battle in the 18th century. Since in the nation’s historical consciousness and cultural memory the battle of Mohács did not acquire its symbolic, mythic position represented to this day before the 19th century, the two works of art were way ahead of their time in anticipating the salient position of the tragic event, because, unlike, for example, István dorffmaister’s late 18th century pictures ordered in Mohács, they show the battle as a fatal even in the history of the entire nation. on the other side, by the terminating piece of the series ordered for the Transylvanian court chancellery being the battle of Mohács, the client departed from the 18th century imperial, dynastic outlook which presented as positive parallels to the battle of Mohács and the capture of Szigetvár by the Turks the victorious battles of the late 17th century liberating war led by the Habsburg Empire: the second battle of Mohács and the recapture of Szigetvár, partly as examples of divine justice and partly as legitimation of the Habsburg Empire’s territorial expansion “earned with blood”. It is noteworthy that the right side of central scene of Rumel’s Battle of Mohács resembles the composition of leonardo da Vinci’s Battle of Anghiari surviving in copies only. It is presumable that the renaissance battle scenes served as a model example for the painter.
Abstract
Background and aims
Problematic Internet use (PIU) has become a global public health problem. It has been suggested that parenting style is associated with adolescent PIU. However, the evidence in favor of this view is mixed. Based on the PRISMA method, the present study employed three-level meta-analysis approach to investigate the relationship between these two variables and further explore potential moderators.
Methods
After a systematic search for published articles, 35 studies were included, reporting 171 effect sizes (N = 40,587).
Results
The results showed that positive parenting styles were significantly negatively related to PIU. This association was moderated by gender, age, publication year, and measurements of PIU, but was not by culture and measurements of parenting styles. Negative parenting styles were significantly positively related to PIU, which was moderated by publication year, culture, and sub-types of negative parenting, but not by gender, age, and measurements of both parenting styles and PIU. In addition, the correlation of PIU with negative parenting styles was stronger than that with positive parenting styles.
Discussion and Conclusions
The present results demonstrated that parenting styles, especially punitive parenting styles, should be attached to more important when treating adolescent PIU.
Abstract
Introduction
It is not known how self-perception and self-recognition are influenced when one is highly self-focused under the influence of psilocybin. Here we examine self-reports of mirror self-recognition and self-perception during a psilocybin experience.
Methods
Reddit posts were examined in a systematic manner. Posts that were written by individuals that ingested psilocybin and subsequently looked in a mirror were examined. After both automatic and manual filtering, a total of 89 posts with 775 post excerpts were analyzed.
Results
It was found that it was rare to see one's own face as a different entity (e.g., an animal or other person) however people were equally likely to see themselves as they really are or distorted. People were significantly more positive than negative when perceiving their own face.
Discussion
We found wide variation in the perception of the own-face while under the influence of psilocybin. While generally positive, the self-face appears to be an experience that varies dramatically from person to person under the influence of psilocybin.
Abstract
In order to study the species and functions of micro (mi)RNAs in the exosomes of camel milk, non-coding small (s)RNAs were sequenced and identified by Illumina sequencing technology, and the miRNA fraction was analysed by bioinformatics. After quality control, the average length of sRNA of camel milk exosomes was 18–24 nucleotides. A total of 2,659 miRNAs were identified, including 2,458 known, and 201 new miRNAs. Among the known miRNAs, miR-148a and let-7i had the highest expression levels. The results of gene ontology enrichment analysis indicated that the target genes of camel milk exosome miRNAs were involved in multicellular organismal, catabolic and other biological processes. They play role in the extracellular region, in the cytoskeleton and other cell components, in protein binding, but also have structural molecule activity and other molecular functions. According to the results of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis, the target genes of camel milk exosome miRNAs are involved in Alzheimer's disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, Staphylococcus aureus infection and other pathological pathways. We speculate that the reported beneficial effect of camel milk in various pathologic conditions may be closely related to the regulatory function of the exosomal miRNAs exerted on target genes of the diseases.
Succus Prudentiae: Hevenesi Gábor neosztoikus emblémáinak festészeti recepciója
Succus Prudentiae: applied emblematic reception of Gábor Hevenesi’s neo-stoic emblems
The Hungarian Jesuit Gábor (Gabriel) Hevenesi’s emblem book Succus prudentiae (The Seed of Wisdom) was published in 1690 in Vienna and then in 1701 in Nagyszombat (Trnava, Slovakia), containing fifty emblems. He compiled a collection of Christian wisdom and virtues with the help of quotations and paraphrases from the Stoic philosopher Seneca. In this article, I present two instances of applied emblematic reception of the emblems of Hevenesi’s Succus prudentiae in Transylvanian buildings. The first example is the painted decoration of a room in the castle of Nagyvárad (Oradea, Romania). The program survived only in fragments, yet, three emblems could still be identified. The use of a Jesuit emblem book points towards the conception of the decorative program during the Habsburg occupation of the castle during the first half of the eighteenth century. The second example is the former wall and furniture decoration of the Daniel manor house in Szasznagyvesszős (Michelsdorf/Veseuș, Romania). The inner decoration of this building was destroyed before the twentieth century, but it was preserved by the detailed description of the writer József Ponori Thewrewk from 1817. Based on his account, the walls and several pieces of furniture (including a folding screen and a cabinet) were decorated with Hevenesi’s emblems. This program was most possibly ordered by István Daniel the elder, a state official during the Habsburg rule in Transylvania. As an appendix, I draw attention to a surviving cabinet with emblematic paintings based on Jesuit Herman Hugo’s Pia desideria, now in the collection of the Sárospatak Catholic Museum.
Abstract
I examine the relationship between the internationalisation of family firms and innovation. After the review of the relevant literature, I group together the narrow research topics addressed in the literature, which largely confirm the positive relationship between the two categories. Moreover, I demonstrate a theoretical framework which, according to the literature, can be implemented to put socio-emotional welfare and entrepreneurial orientation, which are restraining the internationalisation of family firms, on a common path, so that they can contribute to enhancing the innovative and international performance of family firms in a mutually supportive way.
Abstract
Increase in antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from ear infection is a serious public health problem. The objective of this investigation was to determine the antibacterial resistance profile and genetic variability of the S. aureus isolated from adult patients with otitis externa (OE) and otitis media (OM) infections, Tehran- Iran. The disk diffusion was employed to detect the susceptibility of 45 S. aureus strains. Biofilm production was evaluated by microtiter plate assay. Genetic diversity of the isolates was determined by staphylococcal cassette SCCmec, spa, and MLST techniques. Resistance to mupirocin and vancomycin were identified in 40 and 2.2% of isolates. Out of the 45 S. aureus isolates, 41 (91.2%) strains were considered as positive biofilm strains at different levels. According to our results, S. aureus isolated from OM (44.4%, 20/45) were including CC8/ST239-SCCmecIII corresponded to spa types t860, t030, t037, t234, t421 (70%, 14/20) and CC/ST30-SCCmecIV corresponded to spa types t605 and t019 (30%, 6/20) while S. aureus isolated from OE (55.6%, 25/45) were including CC/ST30-SCCmecIV corresponded to spa types t605, t345 and t1130 (52%, 13/25), CC/ST22-SCCmecIV corresponded to spa type t790 (20%, 5/25), CC8/ST8-SCCmecIV corresponded to spa type t008 (16%, 4/25), and CC/ST45-SCCmecIV corresponded to spa types t004 and t038 (12%, 3/25). This study highlighted genetic variability and strong biofilm formation ability among our isolates revealing its crucial role in enhancing the resistance of this bacteria to drugs. Thus, it is necessary to continue the epidemiological analysis to improve the control of ear infections related to S. aureus.
Graves of the early medieval nomads from the eastern Azov region
Kora középkori nomád temetkezések az Azovi-tenger keleti partvidékéről
Abstract
Described and discussed here are the “nomadic” burials of two sites, Serbin and Udarnyi (Krasnodar Krai, Russia). A total of four graves were found at the former Serbin site, while an early medieval grave dug into a prehistoric kurgan was excavated at Udarnyi. The burials broadly date from the fourth–seventh centuries AD on the basis of their poor grave inventories and are culturally related to the so-called post-Hunnic- and Sivashovka-type burials. Three burials contained the skulls and limbs of various domestic animals, indicating that the animals had been skinned. “Head and hooves” deposits were quite common in early medieval Eastern Europe. There are several different traditions of skinning, indicating different cultural traditions. The study describes the burials and their finds, and presents their regional parallels.
Abstract
In this study, we examine ritual Small Talk in Chinese, which is a regretfully understudied phenomenon. We investigate recurrent pragmatic features of Chinese Small Talk in an audio-recorded corpus through the lens of speech acts. We interpret the use of speech acts with the aid of interaction ritual theory and linguistic politeness. As a case study, we examine instances of Small Talk taking place in the vicinity of a Chinese primary school where parents and grandparents engaged in casual phatic conversations to kill the time while waiting for the children. The study of our corpus of Small Talk conversations allows us to unearth linguaculturally embedded patterns of language use in a complex participatory setting where parents and grandparents interact in front of a school.
Az ártalmas gyermekkori élmények hatása a mentális és szomatikus egészségre gyermek- és serdülőkorban
The impact of adverse childhood experiences on mental and somatic health in childhood and adolescence
Számos kutatás bizonyítja, hogy a családon belüli bántalmazást elszenvedő gyermekek fokozottan ki vannak téve különböző, nagy rizikójú magatartásformáknak, kortársbántalmazásnak, mentális és szomatikus zavaroknak. Az a gyermek, aki rettegést keltő élményeket kénytelen ismétlődően átélni, a személyiségfejlődés összes területét tekintve súlyosan sérülhet. Magyarországon sürgető intézkedésekre lenne szükség ezen gyermekek azonosítása és a terápiás segítségnyújtás tekintetében is. Elhanyagolt kutatási terület a gyermekkori ártalmaknak és azok következményeinek vizsgálata, pedig a preventív és terápiás beavatkozásokat gyermek- és serdülőkorban ennek ismeretében lehetne célzottan megtervezni. Tanulmányunkban bemutatjuk az ártalmas gyermekkori élmények előfordulására vonatkozó nemzetközi adatokat. Részletesen tárgyaljuk az ártalmak összefüggéseit a gyermek- és serdülőkorban jelentkező biológiai és kognitív károsodásokkal, kötődési zavarokkal, az externalizációs és internalizációs zavarokkal, a szomatikus megbetegedésekkel, továbbá az egészségkárosító magatartásformákkal. Közleményünk célja az ártalmakra és a következményekre vonatkozó empirikus adatok bemutatása mellett a témára való figyelemfelhívás és érzékenyítés a szakemberek körében. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(37): 1447–1455.
Az értelmi fogyatékkal élők fogászati kezelése és prevenciós lehetőségei napjainkban
Dental care and prevention possibilities for the mentally disabled currently
Bevezetés: Ma Magyarországon az értelmi fogyatékkal élők fogászati ellátása és a prevenció lehetőségei egyre nagyobb kihívást jelentenek. Hazánkban jelenleg 100 000 olyan értelmi fogyatékkal élő van, akik „speciális orvosi ellátásra” szorulnak. Célkitűzés: Kidolgozni, illetve módosítani a betegek szellemi képességéhez alkalmazkodó egyszerű prevenciós eljárást, ezt egy kiválasztott közösségen belül bevezetni. Az eredményeket 3, illetve 6 hónap múlva felmérni és ezt a nemzetközi irodalommal összehasonlítani. Módszer: A prevenciós tevékenységet 49, a csömöri „Egyenlő Esélyekért Alapítvány Fogyatékosok Otthona és Nappali Gondozó” intézetben lévő beteg esetében vezettük be. Az adatok pontosítása érdekében a pácienseket 3 standardizált orvos külön-külön vizsgálta. A program első lépése a fogápolás betanítása volt mind a betegek, mind az ápolószemélyzet számára. A fogak parodontalis állapotának felmérését, kontrollját a teamben lévő parodontológus szakorvos végezte. A betegeket 3, illetve 6 hónap után ellenőriztük, az adatokat rögzítettük. Eredmények: A DMF-T-index tekintetében ilyen rövid idő alatt változást nem regisztráltunk, ezért a restorative indexet alkalmaztuk. A parodontalis állapot tekintetében szignifikáns javulást tapasztaltunk. Megbeszélés: A prevenciós tevékenység eredményesnek bizonyult, tekintettel arra, hogy az elhanyagolt szájhigiéné miatt mindegyik betegnek parodontalis problémája volt. A parodontalis állapot szignifikáns javulása révén remélhető, hogy a későbbiekben a fogazat állapota is javulni fog. Következtetés: A fokozott szájhigiéné (a betegek elhanyagolt szájhigiénéjéhez képest a „normál-szájhigiénéhez” való közelítés) lényeges pozitív változást tud hozni a speciális ellátást igénylő pácienseknél. A pozitív eredmények érdekében a megfelelő kommunikáció és a rendszeres motiváció mind a betegek, mind az ápolószemélyzet számára fontos és szükséges. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(37): 1456–1461.
Bal oldali teljes tüdőeltávolítás intrapulmonalisan elhelyezkedő Castleman betegség miatt
Left pneumonectomy for intrapulmonary unicentric Castleman disease
A Castleman-betegség egy ritka lymphoproliferativ betegség, mely a leggyakrabban a gátorüregi nyirokcsomókat érinti. Az intrapulmonalisan elhelyezkedő forma ritkán fordul elő, az angol nyelvű irodalomban 14 eset ismert. A betegség tünetei nem specifikusak, és a diagnózis felállítása gyakran nehézségekbe ütközik. A kezelés fő célja az épben történő sebészi reszekció elérése, mely potenciális esélyt nyújt a recidívamentes túlélésre. 15 éves tünetmentes lánybetegünket ernyőszűrésen bal oldali mellkasi terimével emelték ki. A transthoracalis szövettani mintavétel megerősítette a Castleman-betegség diagnózisát. A centrálisan elhelyezkedő tumormassza érintette a tüdőkapu képleteit, ezért műtét során bal oldali teljes tüdőeltávolítás vált szükségessé a daganatmentes reszekciós szél eléréséhez. A beteg a műtétet követő 7 éves utánkövetési periódus során mindvégig recidívamentes volt. A Castleman-betegség jól kezelhető komplett sebészi reszekcióval, a betegség kiterjedése miatt azonban időnként indokolt lehet a kiterjesztett, radikális tüdőeltávolítás a tumormentes reszekciós szél eléréséhez. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(37): 1476–1483.
Immunszupprimált betegek multiplex bőrdaganatainak elektrokemoterápiás kezelése
Electrochemotherapy for multiple cutaneous tumors in immunosuppressed patients
Bevezetés: A hosszú távon immunszupprimált betegekben a rosszindulatú bőrdaganatok kialakulásának rizikója jóval nagyobb, mint az átlagpopulációban. Ezek a tumorok nagy számban jelentkezhetnek, gyors növekedés és agresszív viselkedés jellemző rájuk. Sebészi kimetszést követően gyakran fordul elő lokális recidíva. A multiplex tumorok sebészi kezelése, különösen a fej-nyak régióban, kihívást jelent. Célkitűzés: Az elektrokemoterápia segítségével egyszerre számos daganat kezelhető. Célul tűztük ki az elektrokemoterápia hatásosságának vizsgálatát immunszupprimált betegekben. Módszer: Klinikánkon 9 immunszupprimált beteg összesen 118 (átlagosan egy betegen 13, n = 5–27) bőrdaganatának elektrokemoterápiás kezelését végeztük el egy alkalommal, intravénás bleomicin adásával az ESOPE-irányelvnek megfelelően. Eredmények: Az átlagos utánkövetési idő 15 hónap volt. A kezelést követően 6 hónappal az objektív tumorválasz 96% volt. A daganatok 88%-a (n = 46) esetén teljes remissziót, 8%-ban (n = 4) parciális remissziót, 2%-ban (n = 1) progresszív betegséget észleltünk, 2%-ban (n = 1) a tumorválasz nem volt megítélhető. Következtetés: Az immunszupprimált betegeken a multiplex nem melanoma bőrdaganatok kezelésére az elektrokemoterápia hatásos és biztonságos terápiának bizonyult. Ennek a betegpopulációnak a jobb ellátása és gondozása érdekében a prevenció, a multidiszciplináris szemléletmód és az immunszuppresszió optimalizálása kiemelten fontos. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(37): 1462–1468.
A menstruációs fájdalom megélését befolyásoló pszichológiai tényezők – a fájdalomkatasztrofizálás szerepe
Psychological factors influencing the experience of menstrual pain – the role of pain catastrophizing
Bevezetés: A menstruációs fájdalom kutatása az érintettek számának, a szenvedéssel töltött idő mértékének és a következményeknek az ismeretében hiányzik a szakirodalomból. Célkitűzés: A fájdalomkatasztrofizálás szerepét vizsgáltuk a menstruációs fájdalom szubjektív mértékének, gyakoriságának, mindennapi tevékenységet korlátozó voltának megélésében. Módszer: Vizsgálatunkban személyes tesztfelvétel során gyűjtöttünk adatokat mintegy 1000 már és még menstruáló, egészséges, túlnyomórészt felső- és középfokú végzettséggel rendelkező, túlnyomórészt nagyvárosban, többségében párkapcsolatban élő, saját megélése szerint kitűnő vagy jó egészségi állapotnak örvendő, többségében hormonális fogamzásgátló eszközzel nem élő, túlnyomórészt rendszeres menstruációs ciklussal rendelkező, 18 és 51 év közötti nőtől, 2016 és 2018 között. A menstruációs fájdalom mértékének, gyakoriságának és mindennapi tevékenységet befolyásoló voltának mérésére egy-egy nyitott kérdést, a fájdalomkatasztrofizálás mérésére a Sullivan és mtsai által kidolgozott Fájdalomkatasztrofizálási Kérdőívet használtuk. Eredmények: Saját mintánkon azt találtuk, hogy minél inkább „hajlamos” a vizsgálati személy a fájdalomkatasztrofizálásra, annál erősebb menstruációs fájdalomról számol be, annál gyakrabban él meg menstruációs fájdalmat, és mondja azt, hogy a fájdalom korlátozza mindennapi tevékenységét. Következtetés: Az eredmények rámutattak, hogy érdemes a menstruációs fájdalom mértékét befolyásoló tényezők közül a személyiségjellemzőket is vizsgálat tárgyává tenni, az eredmények beépíthetők a diagnosztikai és terápiás munkába. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(37): 1469–1475.
Abstract
The paper takes a special perspective to summarise what researchers have revealed on global value chains in Hungary. The ‘space-time’ structure is how the ‘force field’ of the amount of value added is shared and how the process it creates characterises specific global value chain networks. There is a growing literature that reveals the ‘dents’ of the GVC force field: the uneven distribution of value-added content, and mainly the controversial possibilities to upgrade in the network. Hungary is a typical example of a semi-peripheral or integrated periphery country. The paper discusses the lessons of different global value chain relations of the country in different geographical environments in terms of the two dimensions of ‘space’ and ‘time’; that is the potential and structure of value added and its dynamics, as well as compares them through an automotive industry case study.
Abstract
Sámuel Domby of Gálfalva (1729–1807) defended his doctoral dissertation De vino Tokaiensi at the University of Utrecht in 1758, and it was published in the same year. Domby was not the first medical student to write about the curative effects of the Tokaj-Hegyalja wines, but his book is really considered unique because he summarised and in many ways also exceeded the knowledge of earlier authors on the subject. He not only communicated what was known about the wines of Tokaj-Hegyalja, but also demonstrated through a series of medical, meteorological observations and chemical experiments why these wines were so excellent, what effects they had on a healthy human body and what ailments could be effectively treated by drinking them. In many respects, his work has stood the test of time: for instance his observations on the importance of terroir and the protection of origin are still worth considering today.
We present generalizations of the Pinelis extension of Stolarsky’s inequality and its reverse. In particular, a new Stolarsky-type inequality is obtained. We study the properties of the linear functional related to the new Stolarsky-type inequality, and finally apply these new results in the theory of fractional integrals.
Abstract
Due to the complexity of the images and dearth of anatomical models, it is highly difficult to accurately represent the various deformations in each component of the medical images. In recent years, a significant number of children and adults have affected from brain tumors, which is one of the most terrible types of disease affects the people around the world. Moreover, the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) based brain tumor detection is one of a significant study area in the field of medical imaging. Since, the use of computerized methods aids in the detection and treatment of disease by the medical professionals. The development of an automated method for the accurate detection and classification of tumors from brain MRIs. In this framework, a tanh normalization process is used to smooth out the input brain MRIs with less noise artefacts and improved quality. Then, a group feature extraction model is used to extract the relevant features from the normalized image, which includes both Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF) and Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) features. The Water Chaotic Fruitfly Optimization (WChFO) method is used to identify the best features for increasing the speed of classifier training and testing processes with less time. Moreover, a Deep Recurrent Neural Network (DRNN) model is used to classify the type of brain tumor for accurate early diagnosis and treatment. The most well-known benchmarking datasets, like BRATS and Kaggle, employed for analysis in order to assess the effectiveness and results of the proposed brain tumor diagnosis system. By using the proposed WChFO-DRNN technique, the accuracy of the tumor detection system is increased to 99.2% with the sensitivity, specificity of 99% and time consumption of 0.2s.
Abstract
Background and aims
Microdosing psychedelics refers to the practice of repeatedly ingesting doses that do not reach the threshold for perceptual alterations. This practice has gained attention from mass media, businesses, and the general public, as evidenced by the proliferation of online communities dedicated to it. In this contribution, we examine the content generated within the online community r/microdosing from its creation on October 16, 2013, until the day of data collection on October 31, 2020. Our aim is to examine the narratives reflected by users' contributions, specifically the compatibility or incompatibility of spiritual and scientific narratives.
Methods
We clearly identified a topic that reflects a spiritual narrative, as well as a topic that we coined as “neuro-cognition” and that reflects a scientific narrative. These topics were typically not present within the contributions of the same users, suggesting that the scientific and spiritual narratives are segregated within the r/subreddit community.
Results
We clearly identified a topic that reflects a spirituality narrative as well as a topic that we coined as “neuro-cognition” and that reflects a scientific narrative. These topics were typically not present within the contributions of the same users, suggesting that the scientific and spiritual narratives are segregated within the r/subreddit community.
Conclusion
Our approach emphasizes the potential of text analytic techniques for uncovering the cultural repertoire surrounding a particular practice, in our case, the practice of microdosing psychedelics.
Negative mystical experiences
Why methods for determining mysticality of psychedelic experiences should not include measuring positivity of mood
Abstract
I propose that positive mood should not be among the criteria for determining when or if psychedelic experiences are mystical. My primary reasons are: 1) unlike rare proposed mystical criteria such as feelings of self-dissolution and time-transcendence, positive mood does not clearly separate mystical experiences from other emotionally powerful experiences like being in love; 2) other proposed mystical criteria can occur with non-positive moods; and 3) it is not true that framing all mystical experiences with only positive mood is more pragmatic.
Real Net Vault or Pseudo-Ribbed Net Vault?
Geometry, Construction and Building Technique of the Vault of the Reformed Church of Nyírbátor and the Nave Vault of the Franciscan Church of Szeged-Alsóváros
Valódi hálóboltozat vagy bordákkal díszített donga?
A nyírbátori ferences templom hajóboltozatának és a nyírbátori református templom boltozatának geometriája, szerkesztés- és építéstechnikája
In the present article, we revisit the question of the structural characteristics and building methods of two of the most famous Hungarian Late-Gothic net vaults, the nave vault of the Franciscan Church of Szeged-Alsóváros and the vault of the Reformed Church of Nyírbátor. Based on the data gathered by laser-scanning the two buildings, the geometric system of the two vaults, as opposed to the former state of research, differ significantly from each other. While the rib system and webbing of the vault of Szeged-Alsóváros have features characteristic of pseudo-ribbed net vaults and net vaults with webbing built with formwork, the vault of Nyírbátor is likely a real net vault structure with webbing built freehand. Furthermore, the rib system of the vault of Szeged-Alsóváros can be described by a single curved surface deductible from a circle segment, the rib junction points’ spatial positions in the vault of Nyírbátor are only describable by coordinates in the three directions of the space, not by an even surface. Based on the geometric descriptions, we also attempted to reconstruct the plausible building methods in both cases. Finally, we considered the results of the geometric analysis and the underlying construction ideas deduced from it and gave a new evaluation regarding the earlier reasonings for the strong building connections of the two churches in regard to the guilds and master builders.
Z как символ, иконический репрезентант концепта и первая часть новых композитов: когнитивный и лексикографический аспекты
“Z” as a Symbol, an Iconic Representative of the Concept and the First Component of the “Z-Compounds”: Cognitive and Lexicographic Aspects
В статье предлагается опыт анализа новой лексики с первым компонентом Z- в ее количественном и качественном многообразии. Новизна работы определяется выбором лексического материала: слова-композиты с первым компонентом Z- впервые зафиксированы в русском языке 2022–2023 гг.
Текстовый материал отражает одну из важнейших социолингвистических тенденций в русском языке новейшего периода: закрепление знака Z как символа и графического репрезентанта концеп-та. В статье раскрывается механизм дискурсивного перехода неофициального военно-технического номена Z в публицистический текст и дальнейшее формирование у знака символического значения: первоначально знак появляется на фото- и видеоизображениях военной техники, затем переносит-ся на реальные предметы (наносится на одежду, автомобили, плакаты). В коллективном языковом сознании формируется «ассоциативная небула» символа: Z – символ справедливой военной опера-ции (борьбы) и символ победы. Формированию полиинтерпретируемого символического значения способствуют многочисленные публикации, в которых провозглашается наличие мистической свя-зи знака Z с буквами старославянского, древнерусского и церковнославянского алфавитов, с зоо-морфными образами, числом 7, именами древних богов, названиями храмов и др.
Анализ лексического материала способствует раскрытию функционального потенциала символа Z в русском лингвокультурном пространстве последних лет. Потребность многих людей в обозна-чении принадлежности к определенному мировоззрению обусловила широкое использование зна-ка: в названиях интернет-пабликов и аккаунтов, патриотических мероприятий, а также в индиви-дуальном литературном творчестве (в частности, в формировании направления Z-поэзии). Среди рассматриваемых неологизмов и окказионализмов выделяются примеры, образованные с использо-ванием графического механизма языковой игры: Zорок Zороков, Zаписки, Zадача.
В целях разработки принципов лексикографического описания «Z-лексики» проводится анализ содержания концепта «специальная военная операция», иконическим репрезентантом которого является буква Z. К истории понятия относятся разнообразные фрагменты коллективного опыта, отсылки к которым активно используются как в СМИ, так и в интернет-дискурсе: военные испыта-ния, имена полководцев, солдатский подвиг. Также в структуре концепта выделяется псевдоистори-ческий слой, формируемый текстами СМИ о мистическом происхождении знака Z.
С целью выявления особенностей концептуального содержания анализируются устойчивые, ре-гулярно воспроизводимые контексты употребления слов и словосочетаний с Z. Особое внимание уделяется текстам, созданным путем индивидуальной языковой активности, в том числе поэтиче-ским, в которых отчетливо выделяются два полюса оценки.
В статье рассматривается тематическое разнообразие «Z-лексики», которая отражает новые фор-маты изменившейся в 2022 году действительности; формулируются принципы лексикографическо-го представления анализируемой группы слов в неологических словарях и базах данных.