Állkapocsízületi diszfunkció kezelése skeletalis horgonylattal kombinált fogszabályozással
Skeletal anchorage combined orthodontic treatment of temporomandibular disorder
Temporomandibular disorder is the most common form of orofacial pain. Today it affects 15% of the adult population and 7% of adolescents. It is characterised by pain originating from the muscles and/or the temporomandibular joint and vocal symptoms accompanying jaw movements, as well as muscle fatigue, lockjaw and tooth wear. Chronic pain due to jaw dysfunction can lead to the deterioration of the patient’s psychological state and negatively affect their quality of life. As the temporomandibular joint is closely related to dentition, any modification of the existing bite must be taken into account from gnathological aspects. Orthodontic treatment can also be seen as a guided change of occlusion, and therefore the greatest possible attention should be paid to maintaining the stability of the temporomandibular joint (orthopaedic stability) when planning treatment, as this is closely related to joint health. If gnathological considerations are not met during treatment planning, altered bite position may lead to craniomandibular dysfunction; on the other hand, restoring stability may be an effective way to reduce symptoms. The aim of our case presentation and brief summary of the literature is to provide an overview of the pathology of temporomandibular joint complaints due to orthopaedic instability, the characteristics and symptomatology of stable and unstable occlusion, and the possible prevention and therapeutic options for temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Orv Hetil. 2024; 165(37): 1472–1477.
A cochlearis implantátumok fejlesztési iránya a perimodiolaris diszkriminációs elhelyezkedés korrekciójára
Direction of cochlear implant developments used for the correction of perimodiolar discrimination location
Introduction: Cochlear implant is a hearing enhancement device that directly stimulates nerve cells with electrical impulses. The optimal placement of the implanted electrode array is crucial for device wearers. Numerous domestic and international studies have confirmed a significant correlation between the quality of restored electrical hearing after surgery. During optimal implantation, electrodes are placed as close as possible to the spiral ganglion cells, allowing for more focused stimulation to improve speech perception and speech intelligibility. Objective: Our aim is to investigate the positioning of the electrode array and optimize the smallest distance to the cochlear midline. Additionally, we analyze the favourable position virtually and digitally redesign the shape of the inserted electrodes. Method: For our research, we analyzed the positioning results of 10 perimodiolar implanted electrode arrays. The results of intraoperative imaging procedures were compared with electrophysiological methods (impedance, neural response telemetry examination). Results: Based on our measurements, we compared virtually created electrode arrays with differentially deformed basal segments (0°, 15°, 30° and 45°). Electrophysiological and imaging techniques confirm that the electrode array is in a more favourable position when it is closer to the cochlear midline. Conclusion: The repositioning of the reshaped electrode array can have a drastic impact on future speech perception, speech quality, and device energy consumption. Orv Hetil. 2024; 165(37): 1452–1460.
A digitális 3D tomoszintézises mammográfia az emlőrák diagnosztikájában és szűrésében
Digital 3D tomosynthesis in the diagnosis and screening of breast cancer
Breast cancer mortality and morbidity are significantly reduced with the introduction of the mammography screening program. From the point of view of complete recovery, there is an extremely high demand for early detection. Digital 3D tomosynthesis is a complementary modality to digital mammography (full-field digital mammography – FFDM), which has been accepted by the FDA since 2011, and is well suited for the diagnosis of breast diseases and breast screening. Basic principle of digital 3D tomosynthesis: during the examination, an x-ray tube moving in a given circular arc takes 10–15 overlapping digital images of the breast – with a small dose of radiation – in a short time. From the data set obtained in this way, thin-slice layer images (3D tomosynthesis) and reconstructed, so-called synthetic 2D images – similar to the traditional mammographic image – are also produced. In addition to the advantages (higher cancer detection rate, more accurate assessment of abnormal patterns, structural distortion, asymmetric density, reduction of the number of unnecessary biopsy, decreasing recall rate in screening), knowing the dilemmas related to the disadvantages (e.g., radiation exposure, need for larger storage space) is also important. Orv Hetil. 2024; 165(37): 1443–1451.
Dr. Romics Imre urológusprofesszor (1947–2024)
In memoriam Dr. Imre Romics professor of urology (1947–2024)
A komplex betegoktatási program szerepe a szívelégtelenségben szenvedő betegek gondozásában
The role of complex patient education program in heart failure care
Introduction: In light of the 2021 European Society of Cardiology Heart Failure Guidelines, patient education is a key element of care for patients with heart failure, including teaching self-care behavior and recognizing emergency conditions. Objective: To assess the impact of the complex heart failure patient education program at a tertiary cardiology center on the patients’ knowledge on heart failure and self-care, and to evaluate its long-term persistence. Method: We conducted a patient education program among patients hospitalized for heart failure after 01. 06. 2023 in the Heart Failure Unit of our Center. Patients and their family members participated in an interactive lecture to learn about the main characteristics of heart failure, self-care and recognition of emergency conditions. Before and after the education, and after a 3- and 6-month follow-up, patients’ knowledge was assessed with a single-choice questionnaire consisting of 11 questions. The changes in their self-care responsibilities were also examined. Results: Data from the first 87 consecutive patients participating in the education program were analyzed. 76% were male, the median age was 56 [45–64] years, and 45% were previously hospitalized for heart failure. In the effect of the patient education program, patients’ knowledge significantly improved as measured by total questionnaire score (9 [8–10] vs. 11 [11-11] points, p<0.001; before vs. after education). Knowledge sustained stable (p<0.001) at 3-month (9 [8–10] vs. 11 [10–11] points; before education vs. 3-month follow-up) and 6-month follow-up (9 [8–10] vs. 11 [10–11] points; before education vs. 6-month follow-up). Also, the practice of daily self-care activities (measurement of blood pressure, pulse, weight and fluid intake) improved significantly (p<0.001). Conclusion: According to our results, a structured heart failure patient education program involving a specialist heart failure nurse significantly improved patients’ knowledge of heart failure and self-care, which persisted long-term. The practice of daily self-care activities has improved remarkably. It highlights the importance of heart failure patient education in improving the quality of life and prognosis. Orv Hetil. 2024; 165(37): 1461–1471.
Abstract
Studies over the past three decades have shown the alignment between teachers' conceptions and approaches to teaching. However, little attention has been given to exploring skill-oriented teaching conceptions and approaches, such as problem-solving (PS). Although teachers' views, beliefs, and understanding of problem-solving have been studied to a certain extent, there has not been a common conceptual ground to study the conceptions of teaching problem-solving in a wider and multidisciplinary context. Therefore, this review article aims to assemble and provide conceptual clarity to the elements teaching problem-solving might constitute to create the foundation for future study. Positing that the way teachers conceive ‘problem’ in instruction, the process of problem-solving, and their role inform the approaches they take to teach PS, this paper provides conceptual grounding and reasoning of each element. To conclude, the paper might be a valuable resource for scholars starting to examine the same topic, as it provides overviews of seminal papers and essential insights into the topic, demonstrating the importance of studying conceptions of teaching problem-solving.
Abstract
The relics of the Catacomb Saint Urban, which are preserved in Monok, Hungary, were falsely identified as the mortal remains of Pope Urban I in 1983. Spreading of the Pope's patronage of preserving the grapes from the spring frost damage led to the development of his new local cult.
The study deals with this misidentification and its consequences, with the circumstances of the baroque reliquary's arrival to the village in 1771, with its procurer and the real reason of the purchase, finally with its translatio to the Holy Cross altar in the chapel located in the Andrássy Castle.
Abstract
The objective of the study was to identify and compare differences in the attitudes of non-disabled students towards the inclusion of a peer with a visual impairment in physical and sport education (PSE) classes. The research sample comprised a total of 419 primary school students of the 6th grade (n = 96; 11.7 ± 0.54 years) 7th grade (n = 120; 12.7 ± 0.57 years), 8th grade (n = 109; 13.7 ± 0.55 years), and 9th grade (n = 94; 14.6 ± 0.52 years) level. A modified version of a CAIPE-R was used as a primary research method. Students of the 6th, 7th and 8th grades have more positive attitudes towards the inclusion of a peer with visual impairment in PSE lessons compared to the 9th grade students in social interactions area as well as in rules modifications area. The 6th, 7th, and 8th grades student groups showed significantly more positive social interaction attitudes compared to sport-specific attitudes. No significant differences were found between social interactions and sport-specific attitudes in the group of the 9th grade primary school students. Regarding the most appropriate solutions for the inclusion of students with visual impairment in PSE lessons, more information on attitudes towards inclusion is also needed from teachers and school management.
Abstract
Background and Aims
Problem gambling (PG) represents a significant public health concern with widespread effects in various cultures and regions globally, with younger individuals and males at a particularly higher risk. This disparity is attributed to a mix of cultural, developmental, and biological influences. To date, there has not been a comprehensive examination to determine whether this risk pattern holds consistently across different jurisdictions.
Methods
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis using the PRISMA framework, identifying 21 eligible studies from 18 countries, encompassing 156,249 participants (47.6% male and 52.4% female).
Results
The studies varied considerably by region (Asia: 19%, Europe: 52%, Oceania: 19%, North America: 10%), the diagnostic criteria for PG, and participation rates in gambling (ranging from 12% to 92%). Data on PG prevalence was categorised by gender and three age groups (young: 18–35, middle: 30–55, and older: 45–65). Using a random-effects meta-analysis, we found a global PG prevalence of 1.9%. Europe reported a significantly lower prevalence (1.3%) compared to North America (5.3%). Men were found to be 3.4 times more likely than women to engage in problem gambling, although the gap narrows in North America. The young demographic showed a 1.51 times higher likelihood of reporting PG compared to the middle-aged group, whereas older adults were 0.80 times less likely to report PG. Notably, age-related effects varied significantly across regions.
Conclusions
Our findings confirm that age and gender significantly influence PG risk across cultures, with significant heterogeneity observed across jurisdictions.
Abstract
While extensive research has been conducted on L2 motivation in the Hungarian context, more studies need to be focused on international students beginning to learn Hungarian while studying in Hungary. This article offers an explanatory investigation into the motivational dispositions influencing the learning of Hungarian as a second language (L2) among international students at Hungarian higher institutions. By utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the study included 203 international students. It analyzed components of the L2 Motivational Self System (L2MSS), including the Ideal L2 Self, the Ought-to L2 Self, and Learning Experiences, alongside other motivational dispositions such as cultural integration, personal aspirations, and social influences. The aim is to address the existing knowledge gap regarding the dynamics of language learning motivation, particularly for less commonly taught languages like Hungarian. The findings highlight the importance of aligning language learning with students' cultural and personal goals, revealing strong connections between various motivational factors. Regression analysis suggests how different elements, such as the Ideal Self, Intrinsic Motivation, and Ought-to Self, contribute to the overall motivation for learning Hungarian. This research provides valuable insights into the complex interplay of motivational factors, offering a more profound understanding for educators and policymakers aiming to improve the language learning experience for international students.
