Abstract
The use of antibiotics in agriculture and subsequent environmental pollution are associated with the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria including Escherichia coli. The aim of this study was to detect antimicrobial resistance, resistance genes and mobile genetic elements of 72 E. coli strains isolated from faeces of healthy farm animals. Disk diffusion test showed resistance to ampicillin (59.7%), tetracycline (48.6%), chloramphenicol (16.7%), cefoperazone and ceftriaxone (13.9%), cefepime and aztreonam (12.5%), norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin (8.3%), levofloxacin (6.9%), gentamicin and amikacin (2.8%) among the studied strains. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were detected by polymerase chain reaction: the prevalence of bla TEM was the highest (59.7% of all strains), followed by tetA (30.6%), bla CTX-M (11.1%), catA1 (9.7%), less than 5% strains contained bla SHV, cmlA, floR, qnrB, qnrS, tetM. 26.4% of E. coli strains had a MDR phenotype. MDR E. coli more often contained class 1 integrons, bacteriophages, conjugative F-like plasmids, than non-MDR strains. ARGs were successfully transferred from faecal E. coli strains into the E. coli Nissle 1917 N4i strain by conjugation. Conjugation frequencies varied from (1.0 ± 0.1) * 10−5 to (7.9 ± 2.6) * 10−4 per recipient. Monitoring mobile genetic elements of E. coli for antibiotic resistance is important for farm animal health, as well as for public health and food safety.
Néhány gondolat az avar kori fülkesírok értelmezéséhez
Some thoughts on the interpretation of the graves with an end-wall shaft
A fülkesírok eredete már régóta megoldatlan kérdése az avar kor kutatásának. Jelen tanulmányban új szempontokat kívánunk nyújtani a sírforma értelmezéséhez. Ehhez belső- és közép-ázsiai, valamint kelet-európai analógiákat mutatunk be. Ezek a kora avar kori sírokhoz képest jóval korábbiak, néhány esetben egykorúak. A padmalyos sírokkal való együttes előfordulásuk alapján a két típus valószínűleg egymás formai variánsaként értelmezhetők.
Abstract
Background
Research on individual differences in brain structural features of internet gaming disorder (IGD) and established addictions such as tobacco use disorder (TUD) is currently limited. This study utilized normative modeling to analyze the cortical thickness (CT) development patterns of male patients with IGD and TUD, aiming to provide further insights into whether IGD qualifies as an addiction.
Methods
Surface-based brain morphometry (SBM) was used to calculate CT from T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging data of 804 male participants (665 healthy individuals, 68 IGD and 71 TUD). Gaussian process regression was employed to generate normative models of CT development. Deviation maps were produced to depict deviations of IGD and TUD participants from the typical developmental patterns.
Results
Both addiction groups exhibited widespread cortical thinning, particularly in regions such as the bilateral temporal pole and medial orbitofrontal cortex. The TUD group demonstrated a higher degree of individualization and limited spatial overlap compared to the IGD group. Opposite trends in CT changes were observed between the two groups in the bilateral pericalcarine cortex and pars triangularis.
Conclusions
These findings regarding the similarities and differences between IGD and TUD provide support for the idea that IGD shares common features with substance-related addictions and contribute to a deeper understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying IGD.
Abstract
Formaldehyde plays a significant role in the global economy due to its unique chemical properties and widespread use in both the medical field and various industrial sectors. However, formaldehyde (HCHO) is classified as a persistent organic pollutant and is known to be harmful. Exposure to formaldehyde, both direct and prolonged, can cause severe health issues and potentially lead to death. It is recognized as a human carcinogen by numerous organizations and can negatively impact the endocrine system, as well as having mutagenic or teratogenic effects. Formaldehyde has been detected in various matrices at levels exceeding those permitted by international health regulatory bodies. Chromatography, particularly high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with detection methods, is an analytical technique frequently used to determine volatile organic molecules, including formaldehyde. This investigation aimed to develop and validate an assay method to identify and quantify formaldehyde in cosmetic products using HPLC-PDA. The chosen isocratic system consisted of a ZORBAX RX-C8 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm; 5 μm) and a mobile phase mixture of acetonitrile and water in a 55:45 (v/v) ratio, with a flow rate of 1.5 mL min−1. Formaldehyde was detected at 353 nm after derivatization with a 0.1N 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine solution, with a retention time of approximately 5.0 min and a total run time of 7.0 min for formaldehyde. The method was validated according to ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines. The validation parameters demonstrated high selectivity, precision (RSD <2%), accuracy (mean recovery of 101.3%), linearity (r > 0.995 in the 1,000–2,400 ppm range), and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.1 ppm. The validated analytical method was applied to 35 cosmetic products. None of these products were labeled as containing formaldehyde, although 6 imported products were labeled as containing formaldehyde-releasing preservatives. The results indicated that 88.6% of the samples tested positive for formaldehyde, with free formaldehyde levels ranging from 20 to 981 ppm. All samples contained formaldehyde levels below the 2000 ppm threshold.
Mikolás Tibor és a kelet-magyarországi modernizmus
Tibor Mikolás and Modernism in Eastern Hungary
Mikolás Tibor (1924–2024) Debrecen és Kelet-Magyarország egyik meghatározó építésze volt. 2024-ben a kétszeres Ybl-díjas és Széchenyi-díjas alkotóművész születésének 100 éves évfordulóját ünnepeljük. A Debreceni Egyetem Műszaki Kar Építészmérnöki Tanszékén célul tűztük ki az igen gazdag életmű feldolgozását. A mesterszakos hallgatókkal együtt sorra vettük szakmai fejlődésének stációit, a háború utáni klasszikus modern építészetet oktató iskola és mesteriskola, a szocialista realizmus, az 1960-as évek szabadabb építészeti gondolkodása és az 1970-es évektől előretörő előregyártási kényszer keretei között született jellemző épületek, tervpályázatok és koncepciótervek bemutatásával. Az építészeti projektek feldolgozásánál azt a hallgatók által szerethetőbb módszert választottuk, mely szerint az épületeket mai vizualizációs programokkal reprodukáltuk, ezáltal azok érthetősége is változott. Párhuzamot vonva a tervek születésének dátumával tisztázódtak azok az építészetét meghatározó alapgondolatok, amelyek mentén az épületek születtek. 1963-ig például létezett egy rá jellemző színvilággal kevert homlokzati rajzosság, utána inkább a funkcióból eredő letisztultsággal találkoztunk. A tanulmány célja bemutatni az életutat, a terveken keresztül bizonyítani, hogy bár voltak a közel 50 éves tervezői pályafutásnak evolúciós lépései, de összességében ars poeticáját a klasszikus modernizmus és a funkcionalizmus határozta meg.
Abstract
The paper provides a close reading of Plotinus' obscure chapter Ennead IV.6.2. I try to make clear, beyond the central thesis that sense-perception is an active power, how it contributes to the argument of the whole treatise, how its seemingly disconnected comments make up a coherent line of thought, and how it remains consistent with Plotinus' positions expressed elsewhere.
Abstract
The article covers the issue of ecological security in Poland with a view to international regulation, the objectives of which are pursued at the municipality level, i.e., the basic unit of local government. It is in local areas and at the source of any threat that a rapid response is often needed to eliminate environmental pollution and its effects. Accordingly, the municipal authorities have been equipped with a number of powers enabling them to take action for environmental safety. It should be assumed as a research hypothesis that, in terms of activities in the sphere of ecological security, a municipal authority is a body that complements the activities of the state resulting from EU obligations and other higher-level local government units and that these activities are aimed at issues closest to individuals. The study is characterised by a legal theory-based approach. The main research method used in the study is the doctrinal method, as well as the method of legal text analysis. It mainly draws on theoretical views presented in legal studies and those offered in case law practice.
Abstract
Three new species of camaenid land snail, Camaena qiannanensis Chen, Dai, Wu & Ouyang sp. n., Camaena feichenyui Chen, Dai, Wu & Ouyang sp. n. and Camaena qinghuai Chen, Dai, Wu & Ouyang sp. n. are described from Guizhou and Guangxi of southern China based on shell and genital morphology, and molecular phylogeny. The phylogenetic result shows that the genus Camaena is not a monophyletic group, with Camaenella located within it. The discovery enhances the species diversity of Camaena in Southern China and fills the gap between distribution areas of known species.
Abstract
Background and Aims
This naturalistic mixed methods field study, aimed to assess the potential of a psilocybin induced experience, to help Emergency Medical Service Workers (EMSW) to address psychological and stress related symptoms stemming from a challenging working environment, known to contribute to occupational burnout (OB).
Methods
This exploration was conducted with an intentional sample of five participants, recruited through an online survey who self-administered a therapeutic dose of psilocybin mushrooms to manage psychological symptoms resulting from their work as EMSW, allowing the authors to assess the outcome. To measure the impact of the experience, changes in OB measures were assessed with psychometric instruments previously used in this population at three timepoints, before and after the session. The subjective impact of the psychedelic experience, through psychological insights and emotional breakthroughs, was also assessed, and two follow-up interviews were conducted to collect further data.
Results
The results showed that, two weeks after the session, a visible improvement was noticed in several measures of pre-existent OB, that remained stable after two months. Additionally, most participants reported a strong subjective impact, that they perceived as fundamental for the positive outcome.
Conclusions
After one therapeutic psylocibin session, several measures of OB showed an encouraging level of improvement and may constitute an important step towards finding alternative and innovative solutions to address high rates of psychological distress experienced by EMSWs, also benefiting the organization and the quality of patient care. The limitations and implications of the study and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Alvászavarok kora gyermekkorban krónikus szomatikus állapotok és atipikus fejlődés esetén – különös tekintettel a Down-szindrómára
Sleep disorders in early childhood with chronic somatic conditions and atypical development – with particular reference to Down syndrome
Literature and parental reports suggest that young children with chronic illness or disability, particularly those diagnosed with neurodevelopmental disorders, have a significantly higher prevalence of sleep problems than typically developing children of similar age. In the majority of cases, symptoms have a multifactorial etiology, with the child’s somatic condition, associated neurological and psychiatric disorders, as well as relationship characteristics and environmental circumstances, influencing their presentation. In groups of children with chronic illness, atypical developmental trajectories, specific neurological functioning and behavioral phenotypes, sleep disorders are underdiagnosed because it is difficult to separate the child’s illness from the characteristics and consequences of sleep symptoms in the complex symptom picture. For families of children with chronic illnesses or disabilities, the presence of sleep disorders can further complicate adjustment to more challenging life situations and have a significant impact on the well-being and quality of life of the family members. Children with Down syndrome face the challenges of the special needs groups of children that are the focus of our study, where syndrome-specific features, chronic somatic conditions, and structural and functional changes in the nervous system contribute in complex ways to the increased prevalence of sleep-related problems. In addition to early identification of sleep problems, prevention and intervention initiatives in practice can prevent, treat and alleviate a range of short- and long-term negative developmental and behavioral consequences, and contribute to improving the relationship characteristics and quality of life of affected children and their families. Orv Hetil. 2024; 165(36): 1411–1422.
