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# On quasi-radical of near-ring of polynomials

Authors: Ebrahim Hashemi, Fatemeh Shokuhifar and Abdollah Alhevaz

## Abstract

The intersection of all maximal right ideals of a near-ring N is called the quasi-radical of N. In this paper, first we show that the quasi-radical of the zero-symmetric near-ring of polynomials R 0[x] equals to the set of all nilpotent elements of R 0[x], when R is a commutative ring with Nil (R)2 = 0. Then we show that the quasi-radical of R 0[x] is a subset of the intersection of all maximal left ideals of R 0[x]. Also, we give an example to show that for some commutative ring R the quasi-radical of R 0[x] coincides with the intersection of all maximal left ideals of R 0[x]. Moreover, we prove that the quasi-radical of R 0[x] is the greatest quasi-regular (right) ideal of it.

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# On weakly ℌ-embedded subgroups and p-nilpotence of finite groups

## Abstract

Let G be a finite group and H a subgroup of G. We say that H is an -subgroup of G if NG (H) ∩ HgH for all gG; H is called weakly -embedded in G if G has a normal subgroup K such that HG = HK and HK is an -subgroup of G, where HG is the normal clousre of H in G, i. e., HG = 〈Hg|gG〉. In this paper, we study the p-nilpotence of a group G under the assumption that every subgroup of order d of a Sylow p-subgroup P of G with 1 < d < |P| is weakly -embedded in G. Many known results related to p-nilpotence of a group G are generalized.

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# Polynomial index in discrete valuation rings

Authors: Mohamed E. Charkani and Abdulaziz Deajim

## Abstract

Let R be a discrete valuation ring, $p$ its nonzero prime ideal, PR[X] a monic irreducible polynomial, and K the quotient field of R. We give in this paper a lower bound for the $p$-adic valuation of the index of P over R in terms of the degrees of the monic irreducible factors of the reduction of P modulo $p$. By localization, the same result holds true over Dedekind rings. As an important immediate application, when the lower bound is greater than zero, we conclude that no root of P generates a power basis for the integral closure of R in the field extension of K defined by P.

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# Rings in which every regular locally principal ideal is projective

Authors: Rachida El Khalfaoui and Najib Mahdou

## Abstract

In this article, we study the class of rings in which every regular locally principal ideal is projective called LPP-rings. We investigate the transfer of this property to various constructions such as direct products, amalgamation of rings, and trivial ring extensions. Our aim is to provide examples of new classes of commutative rings satisfying the above-mentioned property.

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# Approximation of functions by some exponential operators of max-product type

## Abstract

In this paper we study the uniform approximation of functions by a generalization of the Picard and Gauss-Weierstrass operators of max-product type in exponential weighted spaces. We estimate the rate of approximation in terms of a suitable modulus of continuity. We extend and improve previous results.

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# Existence and uniqueness of solutions of an A-harmonic elliptic equation

Author: Mouna Kratou

## Abstract

This paper deals with the existence and uniqueness of weak solution of a problem which involves a class of A-harmonic elliptic equations of nonhomogeneous type. Under appropriate assumptions on the function f, our main results are obtained by using Browder Theorem.

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# The odd log-logistic gompertz lifetime distribution: Properties and applications

Authors: Morad Alizadeh, Saeid Tahmasebi, Mohammad Reza Kazemi, Hamideh Siyamar Arabi Nejad and G. Hossein G. Hamedani

## Abstract

In this paper, we introduce a new three-parameter generalized version of the Gompertz model called the odd log-logistic Gompertz (OLLGo) distribution. It includes some well-known lifetime distributions such as Gompertz (Go) and odd log-logistic exponential (OLLE) as special sub-models. This new distribution is quite flexible and can be used effectively in modeling survival data and reliability problems. It can have a decreasing, increasing and bathtub-shaped failure rate function depending on its parameters. Some mathematical properties of the new distribution, such as closed-form expressions for the density, cumulative distribution, hazard rate function, the kth order moment, moment generating function and the quantile measure are provided. We discuss maximum likelihood estimation of the OLLGo parameters as well as three other estimation methods from one observed sample. The flexibility and usefulness of the new distribution is illustrated by means of application to a real data set.

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# On copure projective and cotorsion modules

Authors: Wei Ren and Duocai Zhang

## Abstract

Let R be an IF ring, or be a ring such that each right R-module has a monomorphic flat envelope and the class of flat modules is coresolving. We firstly give a characterization of copure projective and cotorsion modules by lifting and extension diagrams, which implies that the classes of copure projective and cotorsion modules have some balanced properties. Then, a relative right derived functor is introduced to investigate copure projective and cotorsion dimensions of modules. As applications, some new characterizations of QF rings, perfect rings and noetherian rings are given.

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# On the convergence of Cesàro means of negative order of Vilenkin-Fourier series

Author: Gvantsa Shavardenidze

## Abstract

In 1971 Onnewer and Waterman establish a sufficient condition which guarantees uniform convergence of Vilenkin-Fourier series of continuous function. In this paper we consider different classes of functions of generalized bounded oscillation and in the terms of these classes there are established sufficient conditions for uniform convergence of Cesàro means of negative order.

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# Revisiting the universal linear algebraic model for the characteristic two case

Author: Máté L. Juhász

## Abstract

In , a universal linear algebraic model was proposed for describing homogeneous conformal geometries, such as the spherical, Euclidean, hyperbolic, Minkowski, anti-de Sitter and Galilei planes (). This formalism was independent from the underlying field, providing an extension and general approach to other fields, such as finite fields. Some steps were taken even for the characteristic 2 case.

In this article, we undertake the study of the characteristic 2 case in more detail. In particular, the concept of virtual quadratic spaces is used (), and a similar result is achieved for finite fields of characteristic 2 as for other fields. Some differences from the non-characteristic 2 case are also pointed out.

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