Abstract
There is a long-standing debate among scholars over the convergence versus divergence of the regional growth rate of per capita income in India. The present study tries to resolve this debate in light of the latest available data by using Beta-convergence analysis in a panel data framework. The results indicate the presence of unconditional divergence and conditional convergence in the case of both inter-state and inter-region analysis, which shows that the unconditional divergence may be due to the presence of omitted variable bias. The results also show that the primary sector is associated with the reduction of interstate and inter-region income inequality, while the growth of the tertiary sector is correlated with increasing interstate and inter-region income inequality. Therefore, the findings of the study imply that the phenomenon of service-led growth in the post-reform period was accompanied by the widening gap in the growth of various states and regions of India.
Abstract
The relevance of the subject under study is conditioned by numerous technological problems of providing livestock enterprises of the Republic of Kazakhstan with quality equipment for animal feeding and the associated need to develop and implement dosers for the preparation of compound feed mixture. This study introduces an innovative approach through the development and analysis of a novel dosing auger with an active return channel, which distinguishes itself from existing models by enhancing the precision and efficiency of feed preparation processes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the key parameters of the dosing auger with an active return channel for its further use in agricultural enterprises for preparation of compound feed. The findings of this study emphasise the significance of compliance of current trends in the improvement of prepared feed with the established zootechnical requirements from the standpoint of optimising the technological equipment used in this process. The key aspects of feed dosing sequence when using volumetric and mass dosing methods were considered. The main advantages of auger-in-auger dosers that distinguish them from all other types of dosers were described.
Az okostelefon alkalmazásának hatása testnevelésórán
The effect of smartphone use in the physical education class
Háttér és célkitűzések: Jelen tanulmányban azt vizsgálták a szerzők, hogy a testnevelésórai okostelefon-használat hogyan hat a pszichomotoros teljesítményre, az észlelt motivációs környezetre, valamint a motivációra. Egy négyhetes időtartamú intervenciós program keretében használhattak okostelefont a tanulók testnevelésórán. A kutatás célja annak felmérése volt, hogy az okostelefon-alkalmazás milyen hatást gyakorol a teljesítményre és a motivációra. Módszer: A kutatásban középiskolás tanulók vettek részt (n = 85). 21 fiú (24,7%) és 64 lány (75,3%), az átlagéletkoruk 16,7 év volt. A kutatás során a tanulók egy 12 tanórás projektben vettek részt, ahol a kísérleti 1 csoport okostelefont használhatott, míg a kísérleti 2 csoportban nem volt eszközhasználatra lehetőség. A vizsgálat során 20 m-es ingafutás teszttel (pszichomotoros, állóképességi teszt) vizsgálták a kutatók a teljesítmény változását, az Észlelt Motivációs Környezet a Sportban (Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Quiestionnaire-2/PMCSQ-2) kérdőívvel az észlelt motivációs környezet alakulását, míg a motiváció változását a Sport Motivációs Skálával (Sport Motivational Scale/SMS). Eredmények: Az eredmények azt mutatják, hogy abban a csoportban, ahol okostelefont használtak a tanulók, jelentősen javult a teljesítményük, a tanulók az intervenció során egyre nagyobb távokat teljesítettek a futások alkalmával, illetve egyre hosszabb időt is választottak. A tanulók feladatorientációja, valamint az intrinzik motivációja is növekedett. Az okostelefont nem használó csoportban is javult a teljesítmény az intervenció hatására, ugyanakkor az volt tapasztalható, hogy az Ego (én) orientáció növekedett, illetve nőtt a motivációhiány is a projekt végére. Következtetések: Az eredmények alapján elmondható, hogy a testnevelés tanításában pozitív hatása van az eszközhasználatnak, növeli a tanulók teljesítményét, valamint motivációjukat.
Abstract
Cognitive ability is increasingly recognized as a significant factor influencing household portfolio decisions. However, different cognitive abilities, such as numeracy, fluency and recall, may yield different investment results. The aim of this paper is to empirically examine the associations of three cognitive abilities (numeracy, fluency and recall) with household portfolio composition using Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement (SHARE) data across 16 European countries and the multinomial logit model. Our empirical analyses focus on the impacts of differences in country characteristics, specifically the level of economic development and the existence of a national health system (NHS).
The results indicate that numeracy and fluency have positive impacts on the decision to hold safe and relatively risky assets, as well as fully diversified portfolios in developed countries, but have no significant effects in emerging countries. Additionally, all three cognitive abilities positively influence the decision to hold fully diversified portfolios in the countries with NHS, while no significant effects are observed in the countries without NHS.
Our findings reveal a decreased impact of cognitive abilities on portfolio types in the emerging countries and the non-NHS countries. Notably, a significant and positive correlation is found between the holding of no financial assets in both non-NHS countries and advanced countries. One important implication of this study is that marketing strategies of financial advisors should take into account household cognitive abilities, as well as differences in economic development among countries and the presence or absence of NHS.
Abstract
We investigated the determinants of changes in agricultural technology in Vietnamese rice-growing households. The double-hurdle estimation developed in this study proved to be an efficient method for determining how and to what extent changes in agricultural technology had been influenced by various factors while also allowing correlation between farmers' choices. We found evidence of a persistent increase in the use of improved seeds and machinery. In contrast, the previous upward trend in the use of fertilisers and pesticides was recently reversed. Farmers' decisions to adopt and use these four agricultural technologies are highly correlated with farm size, input and output prices, and macroeconomic conditions. Our findings also confirm a simultaneous relationship between the decisions to apply agricultural practices. When promoting new agricultural technologies, follow-up policy interventions should account for these characteristics of individual smallholders' decisions.
Abstract
This paper attempts to identify the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI), focusing especially on terrorism and keeping in mind that FDI is one of the key economic growth engines. The main goal of this paper was to determine the correlation between terrorism and investment activities. The method used is a dynamic panel data model (System 2 step-GMM estimator), based on a sample covering a total of 36 OECD economies in the period from 2005 to 2018. The findings indicate that terrorist incidents and economic, institutional, and natural variables have different impacts on FDI in the OECD Member countries. The research found a statistically significant impact of terrorist incidents and natural disasters and a strong impact of economic and institutional variables.
Abstract
Paste formulations of Volvariella volvacea (VV) were developed for its shelf-life enhancement. Egg stage fruiting bodies of mushrooms were used for preparation of salted, spiced, and their fermented pastes. Fermented paste formulations were developed using inoculation with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG at 0.5% (w/w) and incubation for 2 days at 35 ± 2 °C. The unfermented VV paste was preserved with sodium benzoate of 0.065%, while fermented formulations were kept devoid of any chemical preservative. All formulations were packed in glass jars and retort bags, and thereafter treated in boiling water bath for one hour. The spiced, fermented VV paste scored highest in sensory evaluation and maximum crude protein and moisture contents, while lowest in contents of ash, fat, crude fibre, and carbohydrates. The fermented (salted and spiced) VV pastes showed variation in pH at 4 °C. Shelf life of 56 days was observed for fermented VV paste stored in glass jars under refrigerated conditions. The antioxidant analysis revealed that DPPH radical scavenging activity of fermented paste formulations increased significantly up to 21 days followed by gradual decrease until the 56th day, while total phenolic content of all paste formulations decreased with storage time. Hence, fermented spiced paste showed enhanced nutritive and antioxidative potential and shelf life up to 56 days.
Abstract
Recent research has suggested that unconditional convergence no longer exists. Thus, this study examined the income convergence among 11 Central and Eastern European (CEE-11) countries that joined the European Union in/after 2004 and Europe's four largest economies (Germany, France, the United Kingdom, and Italy) by using panel data from 1994 to 2019. For this purpose, it employed the beta (β) and sigma (σ) convergence approaches to analyze the dynamics of economic growth. Based on the findings, in 1996, the four largest European economies had a higher capital–labour ratio and GDP growth than CEE-11. However, by 2019, the patterns reversed. As for the regression results, there was strong evidence of unconditional β convergence between 1999 and 2019, at an annual rate of 11%, with the σ convergence and the fixed effect models further supporting income convergence. Moreover, although brief divergence occurred during various financial crises, the overall trend was a significant convergence of CEE-11 with Europe's four largest economies through higher relative GDP growth. This study contributes to the economic growth theory of income convergence across countries and highlights the importance of regional integration in enabling sustainable catch-up growth.
Abstract
Gallnut honey, a typical Chinese medicinal commodity, is produced from the nectar of Rhus chinensis Mill. Gallnut honey is very popular with consumers because of its health effects and nutritional value, but its specific nutritional composition and medicinal components are not clear. Free amino acids are important nutritional components of honey, and can provide relevant information about the honey, such as geographical and botanical origin, as well as adulterations. The aim of this paper was to explore the free amino acid characteristics of gallnut honeys in different areas. 18 free amino acids from 17 places in China were determined by automatic amino acid analyser analysis, and the geographical characteristics were studied by principal component analysis and cluster analysis. Results showed that gallnut honey is rich in free amino acids. A total of 12 types of free amino acids were detected in all honey-producing areas, and the total amino acid content was 0.132–0.292 g/100 g. Due to its free amino acid content gallnut honey has high nutritional supplement potential, and exhibits good pharmacodynamic activity and special taste characteristics. Flavour-related free amino acids were primarily aromatic free amino acids and umami free amino acids. Pharmacodynamic free amino acids accounted for 61.22–83.85%. Results also showed that free amino acids contribute to the geographical tracing of honey, and samples of gallnut honey at different altitudes can be distinguished by cluster analysis.
A Családi Kapcsolatok Teszt (FRT) magyar változatának elkészítése és pszichometriai jellemzői
Hungarian Version of Family Relations Test (H-FRT) – Development and Psychometric Characteristics
Háttér és célkitűzések: A családi kapcsolatok minősége kiemelt jelentőségű a gyermek fejlődése, mentális egészsége szempontjából. Angolszász nyelvterületen számos kérdőív áll rendelkezésünkre a témában. Egyikük a Családi Kapcsolatok Teszt (Family Relations Test, FRT), mely az anyához és apához fűződő kapcsolat minőségét vizsgálja a gyermek perspektívájából. Kutatásunk célja az FRT magyar nyelvű változatának elkészítése és faktoriális validitásának elemzése volt. Emellett vizsgáltuk a gyermek szüleihez fűződő kapcsolatának összefüggését az internalizáló és externalizáló tünetekkel, a proszociális viselkedéssel, valamint az életminőséggel. Módszer: Kutatásunkat nem-klinikai mintán végeztük, 10 és 18 év közötti fiatalok adatait elemeztük (N = 217) megerősítő, majd feltáró faktorelemzéssel. A papíralapú vagy online kérdőívcsomag az FRT mellett egy rövid demográfiai kérdőívet, a Gyermek Életminőség Skálát (ILK) és a Képességek és Nehézségek Kérdőívet (SDQ) tartalmazta. Eredmények: A megerősítő faktorelemzés szerint adataink nem illeszkedtek az eredeti, hatfaktoros, illetve a további kutatásokban javasolt kétfaktoros modellekre. A feltáró faktorelemzéssel négy faktort azonosítottunk (sajátértékek 1,43–6,68), amelyek együttesen a variancia 45,61%-át magyarázták (affektusok, elismerés, hasonló gondolkodás, korlátozás/autoritás). Az életminőség összefüggést mutatott az anyai és apai elismeréssel, a hasonló gondolkodással és a korlátozás/autoritással (rendre, F[4,175] = 14,01, p < 0,001, R 2 = 0,24, F[4,166] = 17,14, p < 0,001, R 2 = 0,29), míg az externalizáló tünetek az anyai elismeréssel, az anyai és apai korlátozással/autoritással és apához hasonló gondolkodással (rendre, F[4,137] = 6,10, p < 0,001, R 2 = 0,15, F(4,133) = 8,69, p < 0,001, R 2 = 0,21), az internalizáló tünetek az anyai és apai elismeréssel és az apai korlátozással voltak kapcsolatban (rendre, F[4,137] = 5,768, p < 0,001, R 2 = 0,144, F[4,133] = 7,921, p < 0,001, R 2 = 0,19). Diszkusszió: A Családi Kapcsolatok Teszt magyar változata vizsgálatunk alapján megbízható és érvényes mérőeszköz a családi kapcsolatok mérésére a gyermek perspektívájából.
