Discover the Latest Journals in Architecture and Architectonics
Architecture is both the process and product of planning, designing, and constructing a building or structure, while architectonics is the scientific study of architecture itself. Architectural works are often considered important cultural symbols and works of art, and we often identify past civilizations with their architectural heritage.
Architecture and Architectonics
Abstract
Nowadays, it is increasingly important to develop economical construction processes and determine predictable costs. The current level of technology offers countless, even undeveloped opportunities to support architectural, engineering, and construction processes. Building information models created as results of design processes and databases associated with them can provide an appropriate base to fulfill the requirements. However, this information is mainly available only for the largest projects; the possibilities offered by traditional editable vector files (e.g., *.DWG) should also be examined. This study analyzes the efficiency increasing possibilities that can be achieved using low-detail 3D models generated by algorithms and applying 2D-based digital quantity estimation workflows.
Abstract
Frame structures are defined as structures built of straight, less often curved bars, which are dimensioned to carry a planar or spatial load. These frames are generally considered statically indeterminate structures so that several methods can be used to determine their loads, but all of them require some simplification. This paper is not concerned with investigating these theories for determining the stresses but with the optimum design of a frame structure for a given geometry. Several different loads have been considered, where the value of the wind load in the horizontal direction has been considered. The optimization problem is mathematically formulated so that both compressive forces and bending moments acting on the horizontal beam and the vertical column, and their composite loads, are below the limit set by the material properties. The column connections were assumed to be fully rigid, and welded I-section were considered for both columns. For local bending conditions, the Eurocode 3 specification was applied. Several steel grades were tested during the investigations, and fire loading was considered an additional load. In this case, a higher safety factor was assumed to make the times to collapse comparable.
Abstract
Vernacular architecture is the source of the historical development of architecture and the carrier of traditional culture. It is also the emotional sustenance of contemporary Chinese people’s beautiful homesickness. With the rapid expansion of urbanization in China, a widespread phenomenon of “hollow villages” has emerged in rural areas, and there are many abandoned rural buildings all over the countryside. Therefore, the protection and sustainable development of rural architecture are imminent. Based on the author’s rural construction project in China, this research integrates environmental psychology and architecture and tries to build a high-quality living environment, aiming to explore a new design strategy to meet the challenges in the future.
Abstract
The historic zone of Prishtina is part of the city that represents the historic and environmental values of the city, with a rich built heritage as residential, commercial, handicraft, religious. Unfortunately, this rich heritage is heading towards total loss from the neglect and various degradations that are taking place. This research aims to analyze the urban structure of the historic zone of Prishtina, in particular Vasil Andoni Street. Based on the results from research methodology used, comprised from analysis, comparisons, interviews, and questionnaire, this paper aims to give a design proposal for urban revitalization of the Vasil Andoni Street, that would provide the sustainable development of the area, in physical, social, economic and spatial aspect, while protecting and respecting the cultural heritage of the zone.
Abstract
The main advantage of condition monitoring by analyzing vibrations on rotating machines is the possibility of detecting faults before a failure occurs leading to the unplanned stoppage of a machine.
The unbalance defect is the most common and most frequently encountered cause of vibration, it is also one of the main causes of reduction in the life of machines and it constitutes one of the main risks for Security.
This paper is devoted to the experimental study of the two types of unbalance defects, their different vibratory signatures and how to differentiate their vibratory behavior from other mechanical faults which manifests itself by the presence of a peak at the rotational frequency in the case of combined faults.
Abstract
The commercially available and research-developed positive-type ankle joints do not provide eversion and inversion movements and are limited to dorsiflexion and plantar-flexion. The aim of the research is to create an ankle joint that is simple to install, low in cost and closes in performance to the biological joint. The passive ankle joint is designed to perform dorsiflexion, plantar-flexion, eversion, and inversion movements. A biomechanical test was performed to find the similarity between the functions of the engineered ankle joint and the biological ankle joint. The conclusions show, the designed ankle joint on the simplicity of its structure and components, has come close to the biological function of the ankle in terms of angles.
Abstract
One form of energy storage in spring is applying a bending moment and converting it into tilt at the head of the spring as strain energy. The relationship between them is the lateral stiffness of the spring. The aim is to find a mathematical equation for the lateral stiffness of the spring and the effect of the length of the spring on the behavior of stiffness.
The mathematical model is created according to Castigliano’s second theorem. A simulated model of a conical spring is built using a Solid Work program. The theoretical results are compared with the mathematical model for the same conical spring.
Results of both theoretical and simulated models evinced a linear behavior of lateral, while an exponential relationship between the length of the spring and the lateral stiffness is indicated. The difference between theoretical and simulated models is not exceeded 3.2%, which indicates the acceptability of results.
Abstract
This research work has been focused on estimation of the measurement uncertainty for different steel reinforcement bars. The investigated material was HRB400 steel reinforcement with approximately diameter 16 mm and length 500 mm by using uniaxial tensile testing device. International standard ISO 6892: 2016 and guide for measurement uncertainty have been implemented an accurate method to determine the measurement uncertainty of HRB400 steel reinforcement bar measurements. The results of expanded uncertainty for 569.47 N/mm−2 correspond to 0.76 N/mm−2, which fulfil the international standard requirements. This accurate method can be used in most of the accredited laboratories as inspection services of steel reinforcement bar by using uniaxial tensile testing device at good accuracy.
Abstract
Because of thin wall thicknesses and closed bottom ends of the extruded aerosol can, the necking limit analysis needs intensive investigation. The numerical analysis of the necking process of 0.45 mm thickness pure aluminum aerosol can was carried out. The result indicated that the length of the aerosol can wall, which is not fixed by the bottom die and the angle of inclination of necking tools are important factors that affect the development of deformation boundary limits due to plastic instability of local buckling. The fraction of taper angle of tool becomes more series parameter while necking at larger free length and it needs more concentration. Instead, the ratio of necking tool displacement to the total free length to initiate buckling was increased while increasing free length.
Abstract
The objective of this study is to simulate material selection for fabricating hip joint prostheses from light-weight, low-cost materials which are also strong and durable. In this study, Co-Cr alloy CoCrWNi (F90), stainless steel ASIS 410, and titanium alloys (Ti6Al4V) material selection as the potential candidate for the suggested implant to manufacture a joint that is characterized by lightweight, low cost, does not react chemically with the human body and can bear the weight of the patient without mechanical failure. With this study, it was concluded the stainless steel ASIS 410 was selected as the best material selection since it passed engineering analysis, acceptable weight, and low cost compared to other proposed materials.
Abstract
China has a lengthy and glorious history spanning thousands of years. Traditional dwellings represent distinct regional cultural origins, and different forms of housing constructions have arisen as a result. However, traditional dwellings preserve area culture and specific life memories as a fundamental component of rural life. From the perspective of conventional dwellings, this paper takes the representative Manchu folk houses in Northeast China as an example. It discusses the architectural structure, appearance style, and overall style of Manchu folk dwellings and the cultural dimension of architecture and its distinctive value under the impact of regional culture.
Abstract
Building Information Modelling (BIM) involves management efforts, tools and applications for enhancing information flow and, therefore, productivity of projects; adoption of BIM and the increasing use of digital technologies (e.g. data centers) in construction and operation of buildings, as well as in maintenance can transform the way how the industry works. Telecommunication cabinets equipped with large number of components of different types are inevitable parts of data centers having a significant influence on the efficiency and the reliability of data centers. Since the layout of equipment inside telecommunication cabinets is crucial in data centers and the ideal location of equipment inside each cabinet can be unique, an algorithmic and automated process is necessary for the cabinet façade scheme design; manually created diagrams can lead to errors. Furthermore, precise and up-to-date pieces of information about the special layout of equipment in each cabinet are also important for the further operation and maintenance. As an answer to this challenge, a BIM-based approach and method are presented in this article that can result in significant cost savings. When designing data centers, special attention must be paid to the location of telecommunication cabinets, the design of cable routes, and the layout of equipment inside. The novel cabinet family for BIM technology-based method has been developed for the improvement of data center design. Cable trays plug-in can lead to higher quality and efficiency of construction and the facility management as well.
The main goal of the case study: optimization of the design process of structured cabling systems (SCS) in data centers (DC) using new additional BIM capabilities.
The novel dynamic cabinet family have several distinctive features:
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the ability to select in the properties which equipment will be inside the cabinet and which unit will occupy;
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possibility to change and add equipment inside the cabinet;
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creation of cabinet façade scheme based on equipment inside the cabinet;
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automatically created specification;
Cable tray plug-in can improve and automate the design process in the following areas:
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place trays depending on the installation method (wall, floor, ceiling);
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place elements of the trays (hangers, consoles, racks) in a user-defined interval;
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place tray connectors based on selected connector type and tray type at user-selectable spacing;
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adding a tray cover and a partition in the tray properties;
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automatically created specification of all cable trays elements.
The model created in BIM can be used for further operation and maintenance. To reach it, each of the elements or groups of elements contains a unique number that allows to bind its parameters and geometry for further export and use in the production model.
Abstract
The aim of this study is the manufacturing analysis of five spur gear pairs where the initial geometric parameters are the same only the pressure angle is different. Firstly, the gears must be designed and modelled. After that, I analyse the modification of this geometric parameter for the manufacturing parameters of the pinion and the gear in the case of gear cutting by module disc milling cutter. Using this technology the one tooth cutting can repeat from tooth to tooth in the function of the number of teeth. I would like to find correlations between the pressure angle and the manufacturing parameters. For this purpose, I define the initial technological parameters and calculate necessary technological parameters for the manufacturing process in a general way. I also define the manufacturing parameters for the given gear geometries. This analysis is practical and theoretical at the same time since the results and the process can help the manufacturing engineers to develop the gear manufacturing processes and applying my results for similar manufacturing problems.
Abstract
The study presents a mathematical model for building heating control. The buildings are connected to district heating or to central heating. The task of the heating control is to maintain a preset constant indoor air temperature. Control disturbance is caused by external meteorological conditions, firstly by outdoor air temperature. The control action can be the change in heat transfer capacity of the radiators, whereby the indoor air temperature can be commanded back to the present value to offset the effect of the disturbance. Just the control can be a follower or of predictive type. The expected indoor air temperature can be calculated from the energy balances. These are composed of differential equations, describing dynamic equilibrium of heat transfer through the external walls, as well as heat storage in the walls and indoor air. Type of differential equations is linear, inhomogeneous, of first or second order.
Solution of the differential equation results in describing the change in indoor air temperature in time as a function of outdoor air temperature. Further on, the equation determines the function of the necessary heating capacity to keep the indoor air temperature constant. By the model several heating programs can be evaluated. The physical model is shown in Fig. 1. Intermediate variable is the average temperature of the external walls. Heat conduction and convection through the walls is calculated by the difference of the indoor air temperature and of the average wall temperature by using relevant R 1 and R 2 heat resistance factors. The model is adequate when the heat transport within the building sections is neglectable, and the thermodynamic and heat transfer characteristics of the walls are identical. Thereby the model describes the heat balance of representative premises, but the results can be transferred to similar other premises, too.
Abstract
This study focuses on the supply chain actors’ QCD framework. The authors present an innovative tool that illustrates the operating system of different actors in the supply chain by combining virtual and physical reality. The study aims to present and “visualize” the QCD coherence system with the help of the PaTeNt© – QCD spatial model. The study, therefore, focuses on the supplier, the central company; the relationship between the supply chain actors and the QCD framework, which is suitable for the agile, proactive collaboration.
The parts of the model, which is the result of the development:
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the elements of quality,
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the elements of cost,
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the elements of delivery.
The development of the model was brought to life by the tasks which need to be solved and this model helps the understanding and transparency during the work.
Abstract
The biggest question of professional sports is how to compete successfully in the global economic framework, simultaneously in terms of the sport and in economic terms. As a result, in addition to indicators measuring sports-related effectiveness, the need for an economic analysis of sport has also emerged. Most academic research into the economic aspects of sports are related to the analysis of North American major league sports, as well as to European football. Water polo is also a spectator team sport, yet its economic analysis is almost entirely missing. In this article, we present an economic analysis of the operation of five men’s water polo teams – the top four teams in terms of the sports results and one from the mid-range – competing in the highest-level national championship in Hungary. Our aim is to determine, on the basis of the analysis of the data, the relationship between effectiveness in sports and the economic background of the teams.
It can undoubtedly be concluded that, in addition to appropriate professional decisions, it is the economic situation of a club that has a clear impact on their effectiveness; in other words, up to a certain point, the more disposable funds and wider range of assets a sports company has, the more effectively it can prepare and the better results it will have in the various domestic and international championships and tournaments. CIT (corporate income tax benefits, “TAO” in Hungarian) support is fundamentally important in the field of youth sports development. While professional sports in Hungary are built on the development of junior players, there is still no clear link between the successfulness of the adult and the junior teams. The first-division teams of the clubs providing the best junior players are frequently in the mid-range or occasionally among the weakest teams in the national championship.
Our research has shown that apart from the fact that some teams are extremely successful in the water polo championship, the outcome of many matches becomes quite predictable. Based on these, the uncertainty of the outcome is compromised, and the championship becomes less exciting and also loses some of its audience.
Abstract
High performance concrete is extensively used for construction works in recent era. For the preparation of high performance concrete (HPC) mineral and chemical admixtures are used. The addition of mineral admixtures minimizes the utilization of cement and makes concrete more sustainable. The addition of metakaolin as a substitute to cement enhances the properties of concrete. There is need to study the mechanical and micro-structural properties of concrete containing metakaolin as cementitious material. In this work an endeavour has been made to study the properties of HPC employing matakaolin as an alternative for cement. The cement has been replaced with metakaolin by 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% respectively for 0.25, 0.3, and 0.35 w/c ratios. The strength and electrical resistivity tests are conducted for all concrete mixes on triplicate. Results confirm that the accumulation of metakaolin increases the properties of HPC. A maximum of 49% increase in compressive strength in concrete was observed by the accumulation of 15% of metakaolin in concrete as substitute to cement for 0.25 w/c ratio in comparison to standard concrete. The development of secondary calcium silicate hydrates and minimal Ca(OH)2 components was revealed by X-ray spectroscopy, indicating that the concrete was denser. The results of this study revealed that metakaolin has a considerable impact on high-performance concrete, particularly in terms of compressive and flexural strength.
Abstract
Shape memory alloys are smart materials which have remarkable properties that promoted their use in a large variety of innovative applications. In this work, the shape memory effect and superelastic behavior of nickel-titanium helical spring was studied based on the finite element method. The three-dimensional constitutive model proposed by Auricchio has been used through the built-in library of ANSYS® Workbench 2020 R2 to simulate the superelastic effect and one-way shape memory effect which are exhibited by nickel-titanium alloy. Considering the first effect, the associated force-displacement curves were calculated as function of displacement amplitude. The influence of changing isothermal body temperature on the loading-unloading hysteretic response was studied. Convergence of the numerical model was assessed by comparison with experimental data taken from the literature. For the second effect, force-displacement curves that are associated to a complete one-way thermomechanical cycle were evaluated for different configurations of helical springs. Explicit correlations that can be applied for the purpose of helical spring's design were derived.
Abstract
Composite materials are granted first choice in the present manufacturing scenario due to their compatibility with tolerances up to 0.001 mm and lower weight. The research design works on the composites of the metal matrix, which are used primarily for aeronautical and industrial applications. Metal matrix composites are being used extensively in structural engineering. Silicon carbide and fly shell ash were used as compliance in aluminium alloys for the manufacture of metal matrix composites (LM13). The composite metal matrix is created employing Stir Casting method. When compared to open moulding, closed moulding, and cast polymer moulding, it is a less expensive and more effective method. The composites produced were then examined for mechanical properties, from the results it was found that the presence of ash and ceramic grains can adversely impact the properties of the composites and even make them brittle. It is time to change the mechanical properties of aluminium by creating hybrid composites with double and often triple-reinforced sections. Hybrid composites have greater performance, better tolerance to tear, low density, resistance to corrosion and strong rigidity over metal matrix composites. In this research an Al-Sic-fly ash composite is proposed and the mechanical properties of hardness, tensile strength, corrosion strength, micro structure analysis are investigated.
Abstract
The aim of the thesis is the geometric design, CAD modelling and TCA of spur gear pairs having normal teeth based on the modification of the pressure angle. The first task is the geometric design and CAD modelling of the gear pairs (5 pairs are designed) where only the pressure angle is modified beside the constancy of the other initial parameters. The second task is to analyse the comparison possibility and the accuracy similarity of the 2D and the 3D models by the Hertz (equivalent) stress analysis. Finally, I give analysis of the maximum equivalent stress, normal stress and contact pressure for each pair while three teeth are rolling down on each other.
Rekonstrukció, újrafelhasználás és bontás
1945 utáni modern épületek sorsa a műemlékvédelem körein kívül és belül
Reconstruction, Reuse and Demolition
The fate of post World War II modern buildings outside and inside the realm of monument protection
Az 1945 utáni modern épületek sorsa ma különösen problémás. A hazai műemlékes és építész szakma egy része, a nemzetközi szaktekintélyekkel egyidőben, már a kilencvenes évek elején felfigyelt arra, hogy különleges, a hagyományos műemléki rekonstrukcióktól eltérő hozzáállást kíván megújításuk. A kétezres évek eleje óta azonban átfogó, szintetizáló kutatás itthon nem történt, és (a szocreál épületekkel nem számolva) csak néhány 1951 előtti épület vitatott műemléki rekonstrukciójára került sor. A hazai intézményes műemlékvédelem még a 2010 előtti időszakban sem tudott módszertani szempontból megújulni. Ennek akadálya nem elsősorban szakmai, inkább a döntéshozói akarat hiánya volt. Példákkal illusztrálom, hogy Nyugat- Európában eközben milyen eredményeket értek el a modern épületeknek – elsősorban a hatvanas évek épületeinek – felújítása területén, és ennek kontextusába helyezem a hazai helyzetet.
Miközben itthon a hivatalosan védett, II. világháború utáni épületek legtöbbje pusztul, a védelem körein jórészt kívül esők újrahasznosítására számos példát találunk. Az adaptive reuse (alkalmazkodó, rugalmas újrafelhasználás) a nemzetközi építészeti színtér egyik legkurrensebb témája az utóbbi évtizedben. A fogalom több lehetséges értelmezése közül tanulmányomban leginkább úgy tekintek rá, mint az építészet, a belsőépítészet és az örökségvédelem egyfajta metszetére,1 szem előtt tartva, hogy ez a fajta alkotói hozzáállás magában hordozza az újrahasznosítás fenntarthatósági és környezetvédelmi aspektusait is. A 2008-as gazdasági világválság után, de kiemelten 2015 körültől megfigyelhetjük a hazai, 1945 utáni épületállománnyal foglalkozó reuse-projektek számának, valamint az ezekre irányuló figyelemnek a növekedését. Új lendületet kapott és új szereplőkkel gazdagodott az e korszak örökségéről szóló párbeszéd is – igaz egy szűkebb szakmai közeg kereteit továbbra sem lépi át. A rekonstrukciók mellett kiemelt hangsúlyt kapott az újrahasznosítás fontossága az egyre fokozódó klímaválság kihívásaira is reagálva.
Az intézményes védelemtől függetlenül létrejött hazai újrahasznosítási projektek közül vannak példamutatók, vitathatók és pusztítók is. Konkrét eseteket mutatok be vázlatosan, amiből, ha átfogó folyamatok nem is, de tendenciák kirajzolódhatnak. Az ezekben való eligazodást rövid kritikai elemzések segítik.
A példák sora mutatja, hogy „szerves” folyamatként is megindult a megújulás, ugyanakkor az örökség jórészt védtelen a mindenkori politika és a beruházók esetleges romboló szándékától. Amennyiben hiányzik az intézményes, de differenciáló, többszintű és rugalmas örökségvédelem, a felújítások sikere az egyes építészek és megbízóik ízlésén és szubjektív döntésein múlik.
The fate of modern buildings built after 1945 is particularly problematic today. Some of the Hungarian architects and experts of the built heritage, at the same time as international professionals, noticed in the early 1990s that their renewal required a special attitude different from traditional reconstructions of the monuments. However, since the early 2000s, no comprehensive, synthesizing research has taken place, and only a few modern buildings built before 1951 have undergone controversial monumental reconstructions. The institutional protection of monuments in Hungary could not be renewed from a methodological point of view, even in the period before 2010. The obstacle to this was not primarily professional, but rather a lack of the will of the decision-makers. I illustrate with examples the results achieved in Western Europe in the field of reconstruction and reuse of modern buildings, especially from the sixties, and I place the Hungarian situation in the context of this.
While in Hungary the officially protected post-World War II buildings are perishing, there are many examples of the recycling-architecture and reuse of those which are largely outside the scope of defense. Adaptive reuse is one of the most pressing themes of the international architectural level in the last decade.
Dealing with the post-war building after the 2008 world economic crisis, and especially around 2015, we can observe an increase in the number of Hungarian reuse projects and the attention paid to them. The dialogue on the legacy of this era has also gained new impetus and new actors joined it – although it still does not go beyond a narrower professional environment. In addition to historical reconstructions, emphasis was placed on the importance of reuse in response to the challenges of the growing climate crisis.
Dealing with the Hungarian building stock after 1945 was again thematized by a young generation of architects after the 2008 global economic crisis, but especially from around 2015, in a more complex way (social, economic, cultural, political, etc.). In addition to reconstructions, the importance of recycling in response to the challenges of the growing climate crisis was also highlighted.
Regardless of institutional protection, recycling projects have proliferated in Hungary in the last decade. Some of them are exemplary, but many of them are debatable, or even destructive. I outline specific cases from which comparison general trends can emerge. Orientation in these is aided by brief critical analyses. A series of examples show that the renewal has begun as an “organic” process, but at the same time the heritage is largely unprotected from current politics and the potentially destructive intentions of investors. In the absence of an institutional but at the same time differentiating, multi-level and flexible heritage protection, the success of renovations depends on the tastes and subjective decisions of individual architects and their clients.
Abstract
The goal of this work is the hydraulic capacity assessment of selected combined sewer systems in the city of Trnava. The selected sewer system constitutes from 160 sections 3.3 km long. Hydraulic capacity assessment will test sewer system, created in SeWaCAD program with design rainfall events with varied frequencies. The result of assessment showed that hydraulic capacity of combined sewer system did not meet requirements to properly work. Malfunctioning sewer pipelines must be changed. Design rain with frequency at least one in two years will be used as restoration model.
Understanding Centrality Theories
Socio-spatial Characteristics and Interrelations of City Centers
Városközpont-elmélet•
A városközpontok, alközpontok téri és társadalmi jellemzői
The study is based on the re-combination or synthesis of international scientific literature, and the definition of the notions center, and sub-center. A conceptual-structural framework of socio-spatial characteristics of centers (and sub-centers) is set up, these factors are essential elements of making, maintaining, and rehabilitating a city: Market and Competition; Node and Pole; Faith; Power; Security; Mixture; and Identity. In an evaluation matrix, the meta-physical characteristics (that are the determining factors of the physical attributes) of these archetypes are drawn. Based on famous theorists, three types of city forms are distinguished: the “traditional / organic”, the “modern / planned”, and the “contemporary / disjointed” ones. We argue that the historical, theoretical-conceptual background of the triple division is comprehensible. However, this trichotomy lacks some essential elements, “measurable” aspects of city centers – outlined in our study –, which are important in contemporary urban processes and support more realistic urban planning.
Tanulmányunkban – nemzetközi szakirodalmi kutatás alapján – definiáljuk a központ és az alközpont fogalmakat. Meghatározzuk a központok (és az alközpontok) téri-társadalmi jellemzőinek konceptuális és strukturális keretrendszerét. Ezek az alkotóelemek – Piac és Verseny; Csomópont és Pólus; Hit; Hatalom; Biztonság; Vegyesség; Identitás – a város alapításának, fenntartásának és megújításának feltételei. Egy értékelő mátrix segítségével összegezzük ezen archetípusok metafizikai jellemzőit, és amellett érvelünk, hogy ezek determinálják a központok fizikai tulajdonságait. Elismert szerzőkre hivatkozva ismertetjük a legelfogadottabb városmodellek hármas felosztását: a hagyományos / organikus, a modern / tervezett és a kortárs / széttagolt tipológiát. Azt állítjuk, hogy a hármas felosztás történelmi, elméleti-konceptuális háttere megalapozott. Ugyanakkor ez a hármasság nem foglalja magában azokat a „mérhető” – a tanulmányban felvázolt – szempontokat, amelyek segítségével a valósághoz jobban közelítő, a tervezési gyakorlatban könnyebben alkalmazható központmodellek vázolhatók fel.
Abstract
Transmission congestion issues became more severe and difficult to control as the power sector became more deregulated. The grey wolf optimization algorithm is proposed to relieve congestion by rescheduling generation effectively, resulting in the least congestion cost. The selection of participating generators is based on sensitivity, and the proposed technique is used to determine the best-rescheduled output active power generation to minimize line overload. The IEEE-30 bus system is used to test the proposed optimization technique. It has been demonstrated that when compared to other algorithms like the real coded genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization, and differential evolution algorithm, the proposed approach produces excellent results in terms of congestion cost.
Abstract
Laminated composite shell panels take part in several engineering structures. Due to their complex nature, failure modes in composites are highly dependent on the geometry, direction of loading and orientation of the fibers. However, the design of composite parts is still a delicate task because of these fiber failure modes, which includes matrix failure modes or other so-called interlaminar interface failure such as delamination, that corresponds to the separation of adjacent layers of the laminate as a consequence of the weakening of interface layer between them. In this work, impact-induced delamination represented as a circular single delamination is investigated, as it can reduce greatly the structural integrity without getting detected. Furthermore, attention is focused on its effect upon the post-buckling response and the compressive strength of a composite panel. The delamination buckling was modelled using the cohesive element technique under Abaqus software, in order to predict delamination growth and damage propagation while observing their effects on the critical buckling load.
Abstract
In the first and second chapter the article provides an overview of the currently used energy sources in Hungary and the most popular renewable energies. In addition, the Weibull estimation is presented, too. The subsequent chapter looks at some of the research results about the solar energy optimization with Weibull distribution. The study presented is a mathematical solution of the solar energy optimization with distribution. The final chapter contains a brief explanation of the results. This publication briefly summarizes a prototype solution for an estimation and forecast of solar energy and yield with Weibull distribution.
Abstract
This paper deals with the disturbance rejection, parameter uncertainty cancelation, and the closed-loop stabilization of the water level of the four-tank nonlinear system. For the four-tank system with relative degree one, a new structure of the active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) has been presented by incorporating a tracking differentiator (TD) in the control unit to obtain the derivate of the tracking error. Thus, the nonlinear-PD control together with the TD serves as a new nonlinear state error feedback. Moreover, a sliding mode extended state observer is presented in the feedback loop to estimate the system's state and the total disturbance. The proposed scheme has been compared with several control schemes including linear and nonlinear versions of ADRC techniques. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed scheme achieves excellent results in terms of disturbance elimination and output tracking as compared to other conventional schemes. It was able to control the water levels in the two lower tanks to their desired value and exhibits excellent performance in terms of Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE) and Objective Performance Index (OPI).
Abstract
Many of the engineering applications have faced the delicate contact problem in the area close to the forces where it is very difficult to experimentally carry out various measurements and draw important conclusions on the condition of the contact points. In this paper the forced state in the vicinity of the forces for the half-plane will be studied. Furthermore, the qualities displayed by the half-plane under the action of normal forces, tangential forces and the moment caused by a pair of forces will be analyzed, as well as changes in the elastic characteristics for the forced plane state and the deformed plane state.
Abstract
A new two-level hierarchical approach to control the trolley position and payload swinging of an overhead crane is proposed. At the first level, a simple mathematical pendulum model is investigated considering the time delay due to the use of a vision system. In the second level, a chain model is developed, extending the previous pendulum model considering the vibration of the suspending chain. The relative displacement of the payload is measured with a vision sensor, and the rest of the state-space variables are determined by a collocated observer. The gain parameters related to the state variables of the chain vibration are determined by the use of a pole placement method. The proposed controller is verified by numerical simulation and experimentally on a laboratory test bench.
Abstract
Finite element method is known as the most common methods in a numerical analysis of reservoirs subjected to the influence of an earthquake. Investigating the effects of interaction between structures and fluid during the earthquake is among the major objectives of the present research. In this article, by selecting a variety of conventional modes of fluid storage, the dynamic effects of the reservoir and their mutual effects based on changes in physical parameters are analyzed. Unexpectedly, based on the results of this study, it was observed that the crisis situation always does not occur in the full state of the tank. Moreover, the filled and semi-filled reservoirs require seismic retrofitting for mode 10% below the tank height.
Abstract
In this study, vermicompost is replaced for fine aggregate in geopolymer concrete (GPC). Initially mix design is made for GPC and mix proportion is proposed. The vermicompost is replaced at 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% with M sand in GPC. Result indicates the 5% replacement with vermicompost based geopolymer concrete (GPVC) has the compressive strength of 32 N mm−2 (M30 grade) whereas the compressive strength of control specimen made with GPC is 37 N mm−2. Other replacement shows 21 N mm−2, 14 N mm−2 and 11 N mm−2 respectively. The 5% replaced concrete cubes and control specimen are tested at an elevated temperature of 200°C, 400°C, 600°C and 800°C and compared with the control specimen. There is no significant difference observed in weight lost at control (GPC) and GPVC specimen. An elevated temperature, the weight loss is almost 4% at 200°C because of expulsion of water from the concrete. Afterwards only 2% weight loss is observed in remaining elevated temperature. The compressive strength loss is observed at an elevated temperature in GPC and GPVC specimen because of thermal incompatibility between aggregate and the binder. EDX results show M sand and compost contains Si, Al, C, Fe, Ca, Mg, Na and K and it is similar in the elemental composition and SEM image confirms vermicompost contains fine particles.
Abstract
This paper presents an experimental study of abrasive waterjet turning of an extrusion aluminum alloy (AlMg0,7Si). The aim of the paper is to determine differences of two methods from the point of view of machined surface quality and the depth of penetration, i.e., the diameter of the parts after the turning process. During the experiments, the traverse speed of the cutting head and the rotation of the turned parts were changed, other parameters, like pressure of the water, abrasive mass flow rate were kept constant. Diameter and some surface roughness parameters of the test parts were measured after the machining. On the base of experimental results, advantages, and disadvantages of two methods are explained in the paper.
Abstract
The ball and Plate (BaP) system is the typical example of the nonlinear dynamic system that is used in a wide range of engineering applications. So, many researchers in the control field are using the Bap system to check robust controllers under several points that challenge it, such as internal and external disturbances. Our manuscript proposed a position control intelligent technique with two directions (2D) for the BaP system by optimized multi Fuzzy Logic Controllers (FLC’s) with Chicken Swarm Optimization (CSO) for each one. The gains and rules of the FLC’s can tune based on the CSO. This proposal utilizes the ability of the FLC’s to observe the position of the ball. At our work, the BaP system that belonged to Control Laboratory/Systems and Control Engineering department is used for real-time proposal implementation. The results have been showing a very good percentage enhancement in settling time, rise time, and overshoot, of the X-axis and Y-axis, respectively.
Abstract
Many security vulnerabilities can be detected by static analysis. This paper is a case study and a performance comparison of four open-source static analysis tools and plugins (PMD, SpotBugs, Find Security Bugs, and SonarQube) on Java source code. Experiments have been conducted on the widely used Juliet Test Suite with respect to six selected weaknesses from the official Top 25 list of Common Weakness Enumeration. In this study, analysis metrics have been calculated for helping Java developers decide which tools can be used when checking their programs for security vulnerabilities. It turned out that particular weaknesses are best detected with particular tools.
Abstract
This study aims to increase the mechanical properties of the composite material manufactured by the lamination process. In this study, the lamination process will be implemented in two ways, and mechanical properties are compared between the two methods. The first method covers the lamination process under the influence of vacuum pressure only, while in the second method lamination process is achieved by the influence of vacuum pressure and vibrate by shaker device. The results showed that the endurance stress of fatigue increased by 18.18% for the material manufactured by the lamination process under the influence of vibration, while the yield stress and ultimate stress values remained roughly constant for both methods.
Abstract
The article is devoted to decision of actual task of air distribution efficiency increase due to swirled air jets application. The aim of the paper is investigation of swirled air jets, analytical dependencies obtaining for determination of the air velocity attenuation coefficient, aerodynamic local resistance coefficient and noise level from the twisting plates inclination angle; optimization of the twisting plates inclination angle of the air distributor. It has been established that increase of the angle results in the air velocity attenuation coefficient increase and results in decrease of the noise level and resistance coefficient of air distributor. The optimum angle of the plates is determined considering aerodynamic, noise and energy aspects and equals 36°.
Abstract
This paper robotic process automation is highlighted in modern business environments to understand about the progression of robotic process automation and how robotic process automation has brought changes to the world of business. Adoption of robotic process automation tools has raised lots of questions, but their deployment in a business has changed the outcome of the return on investment in a business by reducing cost and time taken on repetitive tasks. The paper is differentiating robotic process automation bot from artificial intelligence and robotics for the better understanding of lay audience. The paper also gives an insight about futuristic aspects of robotic process automation and robotic process automation 2.0.
Abstract
Building information modeling is a complex and structure-based methodology. It applies predefined steps and frameworks; however, an audit procedure can be complicated and time-consuming. The steps of the evaluations are based on logical connections that also form algorithms in a manual workflow. Algorithms can be interpreted by computers with the help of software languages. A higher level of automation, more efficient workflows, and more economical and accurate results can be developed by using algorithms.
The Effect of Connecting Bridges on Vortex-induced Vibration of Skyscrapers
Az összekötő hidak hatása a felhőkarcolók örvényleválás okozta lengésére
The shapes of slender skyscrapers are unfavourable for carrying horizontal loads. In this paper, we investigate the possibility of improving their structural behaviour by adding urban-scale networks of structural connections among the buildings. We focus on vibrations of skyscrapers in response to wind-induced vortex shedding. We develop a conceptual model of those structural networks composed of springs, dampers and point masses. The proposed model enables rapid numerical simulations involving large networks, which is not possible in the case of more detailed engineering models. The effect of connections, dilatation gaps, and network size are investigated for random collections of high-rise buildings, and triangular networks of horizontal bar connections among them. It is found that connections efficiently reduce vibrations in the network, especially for large network size. This study aims to be a first step towards uncovering the benefits of a novel form of urban development.
A karcsú felhőkarcolók alakja kedvezőtlen a rájuk ható vízszintes terhek viselése szempontjából. Munkánkban a szerkezeti viselkedés javítási lehetőségeit vizsgáljuk az épületeket összekötő szerkezeti kapcsolatok városi léptékű hálózata segítségével. Vizsgálatunk középpontjában a szél által kiváltott örvényleválás okozta szerkezeti rezgések állnak. A rendszert rugókból, csillapítóelemekből és tömegpontokból álló koncepcionális modell segítségével írjuk le. Ez a megközelítésmód lehetővé teszi nagy hálózatok gyors numerikus szimulációját, amely részletesebb mérnöki modellek esetében nem lehetséges. Véletlenszerűen generált épületcsoportok, és vízszintes rúdszerű kapcsolatokból kialakított háromszögelt hálózatok esetén vizsgáljuk a kapcsolatoknak, a bennük kialakított dilatációs hézagoknak és a hálózat méretének a hatását. Eredményeink azt mutatják, hogy a kapcsolatok jelentősen csökkentik a hálózat rezgéseit, különösen nagy hálózati méret esetén. A tanulmány célja, hogy kezdeti lépéseket tegyünk egy újszerű városfejlesztési modell előnyeinek feltárására.
Abstract
Steel fibers recovered from recycled tires were considered for use as reinforcement in concrete to improve the tensile properties of concrete as well as being an economically viable and environmentally friendly alternative. This paper investigates the effect of purified and non-purified recycled tire steel fiber in concrete with a constant fiber proportion of 30 kg m−3 to determine properties in fresh and hardened concrete. The results indicate that concrete with purified tire fibers have better tensile properties than those with non-purified tire fibers. Density, strength, and toughness significantly increase but workability tends to decrease when using recycled tire steel fiber as reinforcement in concrete.
Abstract
This paper presents a tree growth optimization based control of a grid-tied dual-stage photovoltaic system. The tree growth optimization has been employed for optimizing the proportional and integral controller gains for direct current bus voltage (V
dc
) regulation to have minimum variation during dynamic conditions and to generate an accurate loss component of current (i
Loss
). The accurate
Egy modern finnugor építészet felé
Vargha László Finnországgal kapcsolatos munkássága
Toward a Finno-Ugric Architecture
László Vargha’s Scholarly Activities Related to Finland
Vargha Lászlóban (1904–1984) az utókor elsősorban a néprajztudóst tiszteli, jóllehet szakmai pályája kiterjedt a muzeológiára és az építészettörténetre is. E három tudományterülettel életszakaszonként eltérő mértékben foglalkozott. Tevékenységét mindhárom diszciplína esetében áthatotta a finnek építészete iránti érdeklődés. Cikkemben életútját e szempontból vizsgálom, felhasználva a Szentendrei Szabadtéri Néprajzi Múzeumban őrzött archívumát.
Fiatalkorának meghatározó élmenyei kötődnek a finnekhez. Személyes visszaemlékezése alapján Vargha a finn építészettel és művészettel gyermekkorában ismerkedett meg egy magyar folyóiratban. Pályakezdőként csereprogrammal jut el Finnországba és köt barátságot finnekkel. A második világháború idején közreműködik egy finnugor kiállítás összeállításában Budapesten és Kolozsvárott. Mindeközben gyűjti és jegyzeteli a finn néprajzi szakirodalmat.
A háborút követően a nemzetközi kapcsolattartás lehetőségei szűkülnek, Vargha is csak később tér viszsza a finn kultúrához. A hatvanas években a helyszínen tanulmányozza a szabadtéri néprajzi gyűjteményeket – köztük számos északit –, melynek tanulságaival hozzájárul a Szentendrei Szabadtéri Néprajzi Múzeum – svéd szóval: a skanzen – létrejöttéhez. Oktatóként az egyetemi órákon is tanítja a kortárs finn építészetet. Előadásokon, kiállításokon mutatja be itthon Finnország építészetével kapcsolatos ismereteit. Emellett szakmailag legkiemelkedőbb fellépései a finnugor kongresszusokhoz köthetők, melyekben visszatér egy őt korábban is foglalkoztató témakörhöz; melynek értelmében a magyar népi építészetnek létezik egy ősi, finnugor rétege. Sikereit árnyalja, hogy pályája végén több jelentős publikációs lehetőséggel nem élt.
Egyéb érdemei mellett Vargha László kiemelkedő alakja a finn–magyar kulturális kapcsolatoknak, a finnekkel kapcsolatos kiemelkedő munkássága pedig önálló fejezettel gazdagíthatja pályája értékelését.
László Vargha (1904–1984) is considered a prominent ethnographer in Hungary, albeit he was active in museology and history of architecture as well. During his career he had shifted between these topics. His contribution to all three disciplines was affected with a profound interest in Finnish art and architecture. My article investigates his professional career in the light of his appeal, using the sources preserved in his personal archive in the Hungarian Open-Air Museum.
Vargha had determinative experience related to Finland during his youth. His first encounter with Finnish art was in the pages of a Hungarian periodical in his childhood. In an exchange programme he visited Finland and made friends with his peers. During the Second World War he contributed to an exhibition on Finno-Ugric peoples. The archives reveal that he had studied Finnish ethnographic literature in this period.
Possibilities for maintaining international relationships were reduced after the fall of the Iron Curtain. Vargha returned to Finnish culture only after a significant interval. In the sixties he conducted a study trip to various open-air museums. Many of those destinations were in Sweden and Finland. The study trip contributed to the foundation of the Hungarian Open-Air Museum, which still borrows its name in Hungarian from the Nordic Museum: skanzen. As a university lecturer he introduced Finnish architecture to the curriculum.
Vargha presented Finnish architecture in lectures and exhibitions across Hungary. He also participated in the International Congress for Finno-Ugric Studies, where he revisited the concept that an archaic Finno-Ugric layer is present in Hungarian vernacular architecture. Despite the possibilities offered and his thorough knowledge he failed to publish significant publications at the end of his career.
Apart from his other achievements László Vargha was also an important character in the relationship of Finnish and Hungarian architecture, and his outstanding oeuvre related to Finland could enrich his professional evaluation.
Abstract
This paper presents numerical solvers, based on the finite volume method. This scheme solves dam break problems on the dry bottom in 2D configuration. The difficulty of the simulation of this type of problem lies in the propagation of shocks on the dry bottom. The equation model used is the shallow water equations written in conservative form. The scheme used is second order in space and time. The method is modified to treat dry bottoms. The validity of the method is demonstrated over the dam break example. A comparison with finite elements shows the weakness and robustness of each method.
Abstract
Recently, the construction of shaft intake structures in Slovakia has increased. The shaft intake structures overcome significant vertical depth over short horizontal distance. The flow of water in these shaft intake structures is therefore very complicated. The velocity field at a shaft intake of a small hydropower plant was investigated on a physical model in a hydraulic laboratory using the particle image velocimetry method. The particle image velocimetry measurements were realized for different shaft depths and the results of this study can increase negative effects of not suitable the design of construction on the flow homogeneity in the turbine intake.
Abstract
In this paper a complete methodology of modeling and control of quad-rotor aircraft is exposed. In fact, a PD on-line optimized Neural Networks Approach (PD-NN) is developed and applied to control the attitude of a quad-rotor that is evolving in hostile environment with wind gust disturbances and should maintain its position despite of these troubles. Whereas PD classical controllers are dedicated for the positions, altitude and speed control. The main objective of this work is to develop a smart Self-Tuning PD controller for attitude angles control, based on neural networks capable of controlling the quad-rotor for an optimized performance thus following a desired trajectory. Many problems could arise if the quad-rotor is evolving in hostile environments presenting irregular troubles such as wind gusts modeled and applied to the overall system. The quad-rotor has to rapidly achieve tasks while guaranteeing stability and precision and must behave quickly with regards to decision making fronting turbulences. This technique offers some advantages over conventional control methods such as PD controllers. Simulation results are achieved with the use of Matlab/Simulink environment and are established on a comparative study between PD and PD-NN controllers founded on wind disturbances application. These obstacles are applied with numerous degrees of strength to test the quad-rotor comportment. Experimental results are reached with the use of the V-REP environment with which some trajectories are tracked and then applied on a BLADE Inductrix FPV+. These simulations and experimental results are acceptable and have confirmed the efficiency of the proposed PD-NN approach. In fact, this controller has fairly smaller errors than the PD controller and has an improved ability to reject troubles. Moreover, it has confirmed to be extremely vigorous and efficient fronting disturbances in the form of wind disturbances.
Abstract
The paper deals with an analysis of a drought in the small basin of the Gidra River in Slovakia due to problems with the abstraction of water from small reservoirs and ponds. A detailed hydrological assessment of the M-daily discharges for a long-term period was based on a dataset from the only gauging station on the upper part of the river. Because of the existing water structures with prescribed operations during the year, hydrometric and geodetic measurements were taken by the authors. The solution to this problem represents the conditions for the minimum required Q355 discharge in the river anytime and anywhere. This can only be solved with a master operational manual for the whole river to be able to flexibly react to the current hydrological situation.
Abstract
In the sorting plant examined during the research, the sorting of the selectively collected mixed packaging waste is done by hand. Studies were performed on the quantitative changes of the waste stream entering and leaving the sorting plant, the composition properties according to the particle size, and lastly the number of pickings. The amount of incoming waste has increased linearly over the years. The sizes preferred by the optical separators were the guideline during the measurements. Sixty percentage of all incoming waste falls in the ideal range of 70–350 mm, 20% in the range of <70 mm and 20% in the range of >350 mm. Because there are significant differences in composition and quantities as the seasons and months alternate, these results provide important information for engineers designing a mechanized technology.
Abstract
The deteriorative processes occurring in the environment, the growth of population, the water demand of industry and agriculture, point out day after day the increasing role of water management. The economical use of drinking-water consumption as well as the cost reduction is becoming more and more important. In this research, the measure of a water supplier of Győr was examined in terms of implementing the purposes above.
Abstract
Advanced control of variable speed horizontal wind turbine was considered in the high wind speed range. The aims of control in this region are to limit and stabilize the rotor speed and electrical power to their nominal values, while reducing the fatigue loads acting on the structure. A new nonlinear technique based on combination between sliding mode control and radial basis function neural network control was investigated. The proposed hybrid controller was implemented via MATLAB on a simplified two masses numerical model of wind turbine. By applying the Lyapunov approach, this controller was shown to ensure stability. It was found also to be robust and able to reject the uncertainties associated to system nonlinearities. The obtained results were compared with those provided by an existing controller.
Abstract
Cement replacement materials are commonly used in concrete technology. Several researchers have examined high-performance concrete after adding mineral admixtures to it, but further studies are still needed to provide the optimum dosage of these materials for instance fly ash and silica fume. This study compares three types of concrete and the mechanical properties (compressive strength, flexural strength, and splitting tensile) of these types at the age of 28 and 90 days. The test results designate that adding the mineral admixtures commonly affects the mechanical properties of all the tested types. However, silica fume is more operative than fly ash. Furthermore, adding the fly ash and silica fume in the same concrete type slightly improves the mechanical properties.
