Discover the Latest Journals in Architecture and Architectonics
Architecture is both the process and product of planning, designing, and constructing a building or structure, while architectonics is the scientific study of architecture itself. Architectural works are often considered important cultural symbols and works of art, and we often identify past civilizations with their architectural heritage.
Architecture and Architectonics
Abstract
As part of the research focusing on the safety of vessels during the lockage in navigation locks, two different 1D numerical modeling approaches were tested. These approaches are used to determine the force effects on vessels during the direct filling process of the navigation lock. These numerical models were verified using data measured on a physical model. Using the selected 1D model, a parametric study focusing on the impact of the basic parameters of the navigation lock including the lifting velocity of the gates on the maximum hawser forces was performed. The research has shown that with a suitable design of the upper gate, the direct filling system may also be used for medium-head navigation locks with a normal lift of up to 5 m.
Abstract
About 800,000 of “Cube houses” which date back to the socialist era are still in use throughout Hungary. These houses are considered to be “outdated” and they bring not only energy but also social issues. This paper presents a refurbishment design solution for the cube house, combining vernacular architecture with modern solutions within the framework of Solar Decathlon Europe 19 competition. The paper investigates the comfort and energy improvement of the refurbished design. Thermal simulation results revealed considerable improvements, which can be considered and implemented to a big proportion of family houses with analogous dimensions, under similar climate conditions.
Abstract
This paper presents an investigation on the influence of structural imperfections on the ultimate load capacity of steel welded beam-columns with class 4 cross-section under elevated temperatures. This is done by considering different amplitudes for the global and local (plate) imperfections, and different residual stresses distributions available in the literature. To this purpose, a geometrically and materially non-linear finite element model using Abaqus software has been used to determine the buckling resistance of a steel welded beam-column at elevated temperatures, using the material properties of EN1993-1-2. The imperfection sensitivity of beam-columns is reported: the influences of the amplitudes of the geometric imperfection and the patterns of the residual stress on the load capacity are compared.
Abstract
Recently, low power wide area networks are attracting a lot of attention by the research community. They are wireless technologies characterized by large coverage area, low bandwidth and long battery life. One of these low power wide area networks technologies, the long range wide area network, can be used for different monitoring applications for health, agriculture, traffic, smart city.
In this paper, different simulations and experiments are conducted to implement a low-cost long-range wide area network environmental monitoring application for Tirana city in Albania. Simulation and experimental data are compared and similar results were obtained. In the low-cost implemented system, the gateway can communicate with the sensors placed in strategic positions with long distance covered also using Radio Mobile software.
Abstract
The contribution is dealing with run-off conditions on the lower part of the Ondava River as the capacity of the river bed is insufficient at high flow rates. The reason for the proposed research was the flood situations when protection dikes were breached. For mathematical modeling of flood wave progress, the HEC-RAS software has been applied coupling 1D and 2D modeling procedures. Results of the mathematical model of the surface water level regime in the Ondava River were compared with measured values and afterwards it was used to design further flood protection measures utilizing the existing drainage channel system and pumping stations, as well.
Abstract
This research work has been conducted to model the uniaxial stress-strain compressive behavior of cement-treated sand and its post-peak softening area. The cylindrical specimens were produced by using limestone powder, sand and high early strength cement. The mixtures were made by using different ratios of water to cement with fixed ratio of limestone powder to cement and cement to sand. The stress-strain behavior in post-peak zone of cement-treated is adjusted with introduction of compression softening factor. Uniaxial compressive stress-strain relationships after amending the Japanese Society of Civil Engineers model are proposed. Finite element analysis shows that the suggested model estimates well the compressive behavior of cement-treated sand.
Abstract
Concrete is the most widely used construction material in the world. Over ten billion tons of concrete are being produced each year resulting in exhaustion of natural materials and an enormous carbon footprint. One of the primary goals of concrete technology today is to reduce the use of Portland cement and natural fine aggregates by partially replacing them with various waste materials and by-products of industrial processes. The paper summarizes the results of a study where the partial replacement of river sand and Portland cement was successfully applied using steel slag aggregate, silica fume and glass waste.
Abstract
In this work, the thermal performance of using hybrid nanofluid of Ceria oxide and multi-walled carbon nanotube-based MOL 68 in the receiver tube of parabolic trough collector is simulated numerically. The influence of using this nanofluid under various volume concentrations and different Reynold numbers is solved numerically using computational fluid dynamics. The turbulent model's analysis is carried out based on k–ϵ re-normalization group and employed to find the Nusselt number and the heat transfer coefficients. The model results were validated with the previous correlation, which were used to evaluate the Nusselt number. The results showed that hybrid nanofluid enhances the heat transfer characteristics of the parabolic trough collector in comparison with the base fluid. Furthermore, even better heat transfer characteristics can be achieved with an increased volume concentration of the modified nanofluids.
Abstract
With the reform of China's childbirth policy in recent years, a unique baby boom phenomenon has emerged, and the new-born baby has increased rapidly in China. In the process of transformation and development of contemporary cities, a complex urban environment has a significant impact on psychology and physiology. The past kindergarten architectural aesthetic experience can no longer adapt to the social development needs. Thus, how to realize the sustainable development of kindergarten architecture has become a social problem that needs to be solved urgently. In the context of Environmental Psychology, this paper investigates the construction mode of experiential kindergarten architecture and tries to explore a new paradigm of educational architecture design in China for the future.
Abstract
The laser tracker is a widely used instrument in many industrial and metrological applications with high demand measurement accuracy. Imperfections in construction and misalignment of individual parts deliver systematic errors in the measurement results. All error sources need to be identified and reduced to the minimum to achieve the best possible accuracy. The paper summarizes error sources of the laser tracker without beam steering mirror with emphasis on error modeling. Descriptions of error models are provided for the static and kinematic type of measurement.
Abstract
The city of Prishtina has constantly been changing in urban, architectural, and technological terms. This has political, ecological, economic, and cultural consequences, especially in the downtown area, where higher-density, taller office buildings and commercial spaces and even more congested residential areas are planned. In this study, the Urban Gastro-Lounge is taken as an example of an adaptive reuse strategy for a whole building or its interior. This example of adaptive reuse aims to revive urban and architectural areas as a way of promoting the sustainable development of the city in terms of its general formal architectural morphology. The Urban Gastro-Lounge is an excellent example of this approach and is worthy of being considered a particularly useful intervention.
Abstract
Microgrids (MGs) are capable to work at different operation modes, namely grid-connected or islanded, which make a significant change in the network fault current level. These changes may lead to problems and should be detected fast to do the proper protection actions accordingly and prevent blackouts. Moreover, some island detection methods suffer from the drawbacks of high computation burden and time-consuming procedure of training data to detect the islanded mode. For this purpose, in this paper, a faster and less computation burden island detection scheme without the need for training data is proposed which detects the islanded mode by analyzing the fault current data obtained from a continuous sampling using the phasor measurement unit (PMU). The sampled data are utilized in the fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering to determine the network operation mode. The proposed scheme works in two phases. In the offline phase, the root mean square (RMS) of the current amplitude for islanded mode is determined, and in the online phase, the center of the measured data is compared to the RMS value to detect the MG operation mode at a decision making procedure. It is proved that the proposed island detection scheme is an applicable technique for detecting the islanded mode in MGs.
Abstract
Mathematical methods take an important part in reconstruction technologies of radiographic image. Back projection, iterative, and analytical (Two-dimensional Fourier, Filtered Back Projection) methods are the most important procedures for image reconstruction. Whenever there exists numerous projections, analytical methods have a great performance in speed and accuracy and due to these advantages they are comprehensively used for X-ray imaging. One of the widespread used methods in tomographic image reconstruction is Filtered Back Projection (FBP) algorithm. This paper presents an application of this reconstruction algorithm for a generated image of the object. Shepp-Logan filter is used to form the filtered back projection image and performance improvement is investigated. The obtained images indicate that FBP algorithm can be substantial for various applications in the field of medicine and industry.
Abstract
The purpose of this research is the application of a passive design strategy for office buildings, the wall-window-ratio optimization under moderate climate. A simplified thermal and lighting simulation model of an office research building served as reference testbed for thermal comfort, daylight factor and illuminance as well as heating, cooling and lighting energy demand assessment. These six performance types of similarly oriented room groups are evaluated via a self-developed weighting process to determine the orientation dependent optimal wall-window-ratio of all room groups. This multi objective optimization applies in a broad range of office buildings under moderate climate.
Abstract
The efficiency of the most modern photovoltaic cells currently reaches 40–45%, which is achieved by concentrator systems. However, despite better device efficiencies concentrator photovoltaic cells have major drawback, namely the high amount of waste heat, which requires new cooling solutions.
This paper gives a short overview of the current cooling techniques and proposes a novel microchannel cooling solution for concentrator photovoltaic cells. In the concept, the microscale channels are integrated into the backside metallization of the PV device. The paper gives a description of the technological process that can be used to produce microchannels on the back of solar cells and shows the optimization of the channels to achieve optimal cooling performance.
Abstract
This research deals with creating a hydrodynamic combined sewerage overflow chamber model an ANSYS Workbench 19.2, Fluid Flow (Fluent). The 3D graphics model was created in the SpaceClaim modeling software, which serves as the basis for hydrodynamic modeling. The model was created according to a real combined sewerage overflow chamber in Banská Bystrica. The cores of the work are simulations that should correspond to the estimated flow in the combined sewerage overflow chamber. The aim of this paper is to compare the impact of inflow speed and flow rakes.
Abstract
Nowadays, digital technology and measurement are improving to measure some systems in accurate conditions without errors. From these improvements and developments, it is necessary to analyse performances and condition of bicycle and biker before high level computations. In this experimental investigation, a high quality and very light bicycle and a well-equipped trained biker were trained to test the system with different road and region conditions. The purpose of this investigation is to predict unwanted conditions of bicycle before computations and activity. Otherwise, this kind of experimental trained testing will give some information from unwanted bicycle accidents. Moreover, in this experimental work, a power meter and measurement instrument with sensors are used to measure real time parameters. As can be concluded from experimental results and the analysis, the proposed work has a good design and analysis for good material bicycles. The displacement analysis is also outlined with load of a 63 kg biker.
Abstract
A numerical simulation procedure is presented to predict residual stress states in multi-pass welds in oil transportation pipes. In this paper, a two-dimensional thermo-mechanical finite element model is used to calculate the temperature distribution, hardness, and the distribution of residual stresses during multi-pass welding of pipes of dissimilar metals and varying thicknesses. In this model, the temperature dependence of the thermal and mechanical properties of the material was considered. The present model was validated using the hardness measurement. Good agreement was found between the measurement and the numerical simulation results. The simulated result shows that the two-dimensional model can be effectively used to simulate the hardness test and predict the residual stress in the pipe weld. The simulation results and measurements suggest that the model with moving heat source can obtain a good prediction of residual welding stress. Both the two-dimensional and the three-dimensional modeling can be used to estimate the residual stresses in different weld regions and help saving time.
Abstract
Energy storage on grid level is still a critical issue. Inventions related to development and control of smart buildings, including integrated solar systems can be easily realized by smart control of building management including storage. At buildings, which have high heat capacitance the part of the stored heat can be used for grid stabilization. This means the grid can be balanced with well-set up heating/cooling strategy and well-scheduled timetable via intelligent control of buildings. A possible solution is introduced in this paper, where the surplus production is used for overcooling the building, while the building thermodynamic properties are making it possible to store this amount of energy for days. This paper analyses a cost-effective solution of grid energy storage through a case study.
Abstract
Facial bones segmentation is an important step to understanding a skull. In this paper, a method for segmenting facial bones from skull point clouds is proposed. The segmentation is based on the deviation angle features. The method consists of three phases: surface normal estimation, feature extraction, and point clouds classification. The method is applied to skull point clouds derived from computed tomography images. For evaluation, the method is compared with manual segmentation. The method has succeeded in segmenting facial bones with Precision = 0.836, Recall = 0.951, and F = 0.890.
Abstract
Skidmore, Owings & Merrill Limited Liability Partnership as one of the best ‘localized’ overseas design companies in China, has participated in more than ten large-scale urban design projects in Wuhan, which has greatly changed the urban image and architectural style of Wuhan. Its space model of ‘grid road system + high-rise building’ replaces the traditional urban pattern of ‘street + residence’, causing huge cultural conflicts and historical rupture. Based on the planning of Wuhan Hanzheng street as an example, this paper attempts to uncover the cause of formation, the motivation mechanism of ‘grid road system + high-rise buildings’ space model, and to explore how Chinese cities realize the urban modernization with Chinese characteristics.
Abstract
Fly ash-based geopolymer fine aggregate is a potential replacement material for the natural river sand as it has similar physicochemical properties. This paper reports the experimental investigation of a study conducted using this fine aggregate in concrete with a focus on the properties of fresh and hardened concrete. The geopolymer fine aggregate was developed by air curing process and oven curing method. The oven curing method yielded relatively better mechanical properties in concrete specimens. The oven curing results in better behavior at later age also. Laboratory tests were conducted to ascertain the fresh concrete density, slump value, hardened concrete density, compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength of the concrete specimens. The microstructure of the concrete specimens was analyzed using scanning electron microscope which indicated the agglomeration of the fly ash particles with few voids demonstrating the higher water adsorption capacity of the same. The unreacted particles noted in the microstructure later tend to merge with the lime obtained from the hydration of cement so as to develop improved later age mechanical strength. The results on mechanical properties of the concrete indicate much similar results to that of the concrete developed with the normal river sand, which confirms that the geopolymer sand is an ideal replacement choice for natural river sand.
Abstract
Rail monitoring is an important activity which aims to preserve the safety and availability of railways. According to statistics, the primary cause of railway accidents is due to transverse defects that occur in the rail head. These special defects develop generally in a plane orthogonal to the rail running direction. The detection of these defects is a priority to increase the safety of rail transportation. Rail control monitoring techniques mostly rely on infrared thermography, eddy currents, air-coupled acoustic sensors, and ultrasounds. The present research studies the rail diagnosis by means of a non-contact device. The focus is on ultrasonic based methods where excitation is generated by thermal elastic coupling following laser irradiation of the rail head. For the reception of echoes, a special ultrasound sensor was used. In order to sense defects, phased array elements, which use multiple transducers and electronic time delays, are used to increase and to focalise the signal intensity. Flaws that have a moderate extension are better detected by the proposed method than with laser irradiation consisting of a single spot.
Abstract
In this study, the mineralogical content of Abu Rusheid mylonite sample was investigated and revealed that the sample is essentially composed of quartz and feldspar (72.14% mass), muscovite (16.6% mass), and contains heavy economic polymetallic minerals of about 2.65% by mass. By studying the differences in the physical properties of this mineral content, a proposed flow sheet was set up to explain the successive physical upgrading steps for concentrating and separating the valuable minerals content and getting rid of the associated gangue minerals. Industrial, economic and strategic polymetallic minerals were identified at Abu Rusheid mylonite sample, including cassiterite, titanite, brass, kasolite, monazite, and uranothorite. A group of sulfide minerals also existed as pyrite, arsenopyrite, galena, and molybdenite in addition to the presence of fluorite and iron oxides bearing rare earth elements (REEs) and base metals. Using dry high intensity magnetic separation followed by wet gravity separation and flotation, three concentrates were obtained; heavy paramagnetic concentrate (monazite, columbite, brass, and jarosite), heavy diamagnetic concentrate (zircon, kasolite, uranothorite, cassiterite, and sulphide minerals) and muscovite concentrate for industrial uses. Physical processing of Abu Rusheid mylonite sample was carried out to produce high grade mineral concentrate used as a raw material for chemical treatment to extract economic elements that necessary for several industries.
Abstract
Most applications in engineering use a data acquisition device hooked up to a personal computer for data processing. Finding less costly, easily accessible and reliable devices will make personal computer (PC) based data acquisition systems less difficult. A soundcard may be used as such a device for it is standard in almost every PC. It can also process any voltage signal within its limits. This paper proposes a way to enable the PC to be used as an oscilloscope. A voltage signal is acquired via the soundcard LINE IN port. The maximum and minimum input signal amplitude requirements for the soundcard are established to be +1 V and –1 V respectively. Based on these findings, hardware circuitry is designed to clip any high amplitude input signals to the range of ±1 V while allowing low amplitude signals to go through to the soundcard unclipped. MATLAB is then employed to acquire, process and display the signal. The final output from MATLAB is compared with the original signal to determine accuracy of the designed oscilloscope. Analysis of the results obtained shows that the final oscilloscope designed enables the soundcard to process input signals with a high level of accuracy. The final design yields a hardware cost at a fraction of an iPod while providing an elegant user interface. This makes it suitable for college students, basement hackers and even professional engineers.
Abstract
The study aims to examine the effects of palm biodiesel blended with additives in the compression ignition (CI) engine. Biodiesel as fuel was limited by challenges such as lower calorific value (CV) and higher viscosity while increasing brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions. Nanoparticles and antioxidant additives added to biodiesel play an essential role in avoiding the hindrances of biodiesel. The antioxidants combined with biodiesel reduced NOx emissions by eliminating decomposing peroxides, free radicals, and preventing free radicals' chain reaction. The Significant characteristics of nanoparticles are high CV, high thermal conductivity, and higher surface to volume ratio. These characteristics are used to improve the CI engine's performance and emissions by using nanoparticles blended with biodiesel. Five different test blends of Diesel, B20, B20TO, B20AO, and B20AOTO were prepared. The result showed high brake thermal efficiency (BTHE) and decreased BSFC, exhaust gas temperature (EGT), hydrocarbons (HC), NOx, and HC emissions by using the B20AOTO fuel blend contrasted with other biodiesel blends.
Abstract
This paper presents a combined electro-thermal model to serve the aim of accurate output power prediction of photovoltaic systems, based on the concept of the thermal energy balance. The electrical sub-model is built based on fitting a surface to the current-voltage curves collected under wide range temperatures and irradiances. For this purpose, the current-voltage characteristic curves are reproduced using two different methods. The thermal sub-model considers all the effective heat transfer mechanisms to estimate the photovoltaic module junction temperature. The Newton-Raphson iterative method is used as a solving algorithm to calculate the photovoltaic junction temperature. The collected results prove the applicability of the model under a wide range of environmental conditions.
Analytical Space Theories and Gyula Hajnóczi’s Spatiology
Analitikai Térelméletek És Hajnóczi Gyula Spaciológiája
Analytische Raumtheorien und Gyula Hajnóczis „Spaciologie“
Gyula Hajnóczi’s scientific career is characterized by the intertwined cultivation of ancient architectural history of the Antiquity, architectural theory, and the preservation of monuments of the Antique world. From the late 1960s onwards, the need to develop a new theory of architecture became more and more pronounced in his researches, which was completed in the 1980s with the creation of the analytical space theory called Spatiology. This paper aims to analyse his complex analytical research methodology in the international research context. Hajnóczi’s research method of analysing the architectural space includes also the socially and psychologically determined factors of spatial perception. According to his analytical theory, the constructive-initiative medium can initiate spatial relations called vallum and inter-vallum, and by referring their quantitative survey, the definition of spatial qualities can be interpreted in relation to building, man and space in a wholistic approach. Architectural creation is theoretically approached in this duality, from the point of view of quantitative and qualitative characteristics. Hajnóczi’s work is little known internationally, however, by comparing and analysing it with the researches of his contemporaries, it can play an important role in the international research context. It is considered as one of the relevant theoretical architectural achievements in Hungary in the second half of the 20th century.
Hajnóczi Gyula tudományos pályáját az ókori építészettörténet, az építészetelmélet és az antikvitás műemlékvédelmének egymásba fonódó művelése jellemzi. Az 1960-as évek végétől egyre markánsabban jelenik meg egy új építészetelmélet kidolgozásának igénye, amely az 1980-as években a Spaciológiaként elnevezett analitikus térelmélet megalkotásával vált teljessé.
A cikk célja ennek az építészeti térre vonatkozó komplex analitikai kutatási módszertannak elemzése a nemzetközi kutatások tükrében. Hajnóczi építészeti térelméleti kutatási módszere magában foglalja a térészlelés társadalmilag és pszichológiailag meghatározott tényezőit is. Analitikai elmélete szerint a konstruktív-iniciatív közeg határozza meg a vallum és intervallum fogalmakkal meghatározott térbeli kapcsolatokat, majd ennek a kvantitatív elemzése alapján a térbeli minőségek meghatározása az épület, az ember és a tér vonatkozásában komplex módon értelmezhető. Az építészeti alkotás elméletileg ebben a kettősségben ragadható meg, kvantitatív és kvalitatív jellemzőivel. Hajnóczi munkássága nemzetközileg kevéssé ismert, azonban kortársainak kutatásaival összehasonlítva és elemezve fontos szerepet játszhat a nemzetközi kutatásokkal párhuzamba állítva. Műve a 20. század második felében hazánk egyik releváns elméleti építészeti eredményének számít.
Die wissenschaftliche Karriere von Gyula Hajnóczi ist von der Verflechtung der Architekturgeschichte der Antike, der Architekturtheorie und der Erhaltung von Denkmälern der antiken Welt geprägt. Ab den späten 1960er Jahren wurde die Notwendigkeit, eine neue Architekturtheorie zu entwickeln, in seinen Forschungen immer deutlicher, die er in den 1980er Jahren mit der Schaffung der analytischen Raumtheorie namens Spaciologie abgeschlossen hat. Dieser Beitrag zielt darauf ab, seine komplexe analytische Forschungsmethodik im internationalen Forschungskontext zu analysieren. Hajnóczis Forschungsmethode zur Analyse des architektonischen Raums umfasst auch die sozial und psychologisch bestimmten Faktoren der räumlichen Wahrnehmung. Nach seiner analytischen Theorie initiiert das konstruktive-initiative Medium räumliche Beziehungen, die als Vallum und Intervallum bezeichnet werden, und unter Bezugnahme auf ihre quantitative Untersuchung kann die Definition räumlicher Qualitäten in Bezug auf Gebäude, Mensch und Raum in einem ganzheitlichen Ansatz interpretiert werden. Das architektonische Schaffen wird theoretisch in dieser Dualität unter dem Gesichtspunkt quantitativer und qualitativer Merkmale angegangen. Hajnóczis Werk ist international wenig bekannt. Durch den Vergleich und die Analyse mit den Forschungen seiner Zeitgenossen kann es jedoch eine wichtige Rolle im internationalen Forschungskontext spielen. Es gilt als eine der relevanten theoretischen architektonischen Errungenschaften in Ungarn in der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts.
The Genesis of Architectural Space
Az Építészeti Tér Genezise
The first version of this paper was written in Hungarian as the final summarizing study of the OTKA research entitled “Building and Settlement Characterology”. The study entitled “The Genesis of the Architectural Space” is a concise summary of Gyula Hajnóczi’s spatial theory research that offers a thorough overview also for less experienced researchers in architectural theory. This valuable writing – although published in Hungarian as a series of journal articles or in copied version – is hardly known to the architectural profession. The English version published here helps to make Hajnóczi’s space theory more widely available to professional circles, and on the other hand, it can also serve as an important reading for architecture students studying in English. The translation was made according to a later manuscript version of the OTKA final study intended for print, with the support of the copyright holder.
Az itt közreadott tanulmány első változata magyar nyelven íródott, az „Épület- és településkarakterológia” című OTKA-kutatás zárótanulmányaként. „Az építészeti tér genezise” című tanulmány Hajnóczi Gyula térelméleti kutatásainak tömör, de az építészetelméletben kevésbé jártas kutató számára is alapvető áttekintést adó összegzése. Az értékes írást – jóllehet magyarul folyóiratcikk-sorozatként, illetve sokszorosított formában is megjelent – az építész szakma alig ismeri. Az itt közölt, angol nyelvre fordított változat egyrészt Hajnóczi térelméletének szélesebb körő megismerhetőségét segíti a szakmai körök számára, másrészt az angol nyelven tanuló diákság számára is fontos olvasmányként szolgálhat. A fordítás az OTKA-zárótanulmány későbbi, folyóiratba szánt változata szerint készült el, a jogutód támogatásával.
Scientific Conference in Memory of Gyula Hajnóczi
Conference of Architectural Historians and Historic Building Researchers III
Tudományos Konferencia Hajnóczi Gyula Emlékére •
Építészettörténészek es Műemlékkutatók Konferenciája III
The Department of History of Architecture and Monument Preservation of the Faculty of Architecture of the Budapest University of Technology and Economics and the Standing Committee on the History and Theory of Architecture and Monument Preservation of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences organized an online scientific conference on 12th November 2020, in memory of Gyula Hajnóczi, a recognized and highly respected professor of the department of architecture on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of his birth, entitled “Scientific Conference in Memory of Gyula Hajnóczi (Conference of Architectural Historians and Historic Building Researchers III)”. This paper intends to introduce this special issue of the journal with the summary of the conference.
A Budapesti Műszaki és Gazdaságtudományi Egyetem Építészmérnöki Kar Építészettörténeti és Műemléki Tanszéke, a Magyar Tudományos Akadémia Építészettörténeti, Építészetelméleti és Műemléki Állandó Bizottsága részvételével Hajnóczi Gyula, a tanszék ismert, elismert és nagy tekintélyű egykori professzora tiszteletére, születésének 100. évfordulója alkalmából „Tudományos Konferencia Hajnóczi Gyula Emlékére (Építészettörténészek és Műemlékkutatók Konferenciája III.)” címmel 2020. november 12-én online tudományos konferenciát szervezett. Az írás röviden bevezeti e folyóirat különszámát.
Abstract
In embedded systems that necessarily require a steady source of power and (or) attaches to a sensor(s), there are opportunities to mix small batteries to supply such power. The aim of this research is to optimize the geometry and shape of piezoelectric cantilevers to harvest more power. Several piezoelectric cantilever geometries with various shapes (rectangular, triangular, circular, and trapezoidal cross section) are tested in COMSOL multiphysics simulator to find the best geometry that provides the highest accomplishable power. The most efficient geometry was found to be conferred by the trapezoidal, cross section cantilever. Next, another improvement method was applied to maximize the harvested power of the cantilever by modifying the shape of the trapezoidal cantilever structure through increasing the number of its faces. The results demonstrated that the highest output power (36 mW) was produced by the four faces, trapezoidal cross section design of cantilever.
Abstract
In this paper the generalized model of contact of two plan bodies that roll and slide or just roll is presented. The analytical solution of the correct distribution of pressure in the contact is realized in the presence of the normal compressive force, which realizes the contact, as well as of the force pair or of a tangential force. This model can be used on sprocket teeth due to sliding rolling or rolling itself on the gear pole. The results obtained have been experimentally confirmed by many researchers as well as by the damage that the wheels actually suffer from the teeth.
Abstract
The behavior of box-shaped columns under heating is investigated. For this purpose, the various sections of thin-wall box-shaped columns were modeled and verified in different temperature ranges by ABAQUS software. The results of this research showed that increasing the thickness leads to increase the buckling stability of column under temperature change. Since the behavior of column will be better than thinner columns under climate change because of the increase in the modulus of elasticity. The solid columns have better buckling stability than hollow columns in normal conditions.
Abstract
This paper introduces research on magnetic fields with special attention to developing a new method for braking fast-changing alternating movements. This work is part of a research project aiming to find the most efficient and accurate method for development of linear magnetic brake for dynamic tests in industrial applications. In applications requiring precisely defined and generated characteristics of the braking force, highly reliable and accurate function between the braking force and the controlling current should be investigated.
The goal of this research is to develop accurate and reliable control methods for fast changing magnetic fields used in automatic test solutions of different devices and tools, which have been tested manually before.
Abstract
In the research projects and industrial projects severe optimization problems can be met, where the number of variables is high, there are a lot of constraints, and they are highly nonlinear and mostly discrete issues, where the running time can be calculated sometimes in weeks with the usual optimization methods on an average computer. In most cases in the logistics industry, the most robust constraint is the time. The optimizations are running on a typical office configuration, and the company accepts the suboptimal solution what the optimization method gives within the appropriate time limit. That is, why adaptivity is needed. The adaptivity of the optimization technique includes parameters of fine-tuning. On this way, the most sensitive setting can be found. In this article, some additional adaptive methods for logistic problems have been investigated to increase the effectivity, improve the solution in a strict time condition.
Abstract
Pesticides as one of the micro-pollutants present a great problem and threat to the environment and human health. They can infiltrate the sources of drinking water by application on the agricultural fields. This article is focused on Atrazine, Terbuthylazine and their metabolites. It is their complex structure that makes them hard to degrade naturally and, thus, water needs to be treated before safe using. Therefore, this article studies adsorption on the two granular activated carbons Filtrasorb 400 and Norit 1240 W. For the determination of the concentration liquid chromatography was used. In this article it is presented that Filtrasorb 400 efficiency (26–40% and 33–45% for atrazine and terbuthylazine respectively) is better than the efficiency of Norit 1240 W (9–27% and 10–24% for atrazine and terbuthylazine respectively).
Abstract
This study is concerned to the investigation of the stability of bridges by taking into account the soil structure interaction and their impact on the dynamic behavior of the structures. The bridge studied is localized at PK 318 + 750 at the national level, between the city of Al Hoceima and Kasseta (Morocco). The analyses are carried out with the ANSYS code demonstrated that for conditions of support, the distribution of displacements and the fundamental frequency for each type of soil change according to its mechanical properties. This work also indicates that the proximity of the fundamental frequencies of the soil structure and strongly influences the soil-structure interaction.
Abstract
Concrete structures that are influenced by degradation, overloading, the thawing, and freezing cycles, corrosion of reinforced bars, should be repaired or strengthened. Each of the mentioned influences lead to decreased load-carrying capacity of the structure or its member. Exceeding the load-carrying capacity leads to mechanical damage of members or excessive deformation. The damaged member has to be strengthened to the required level of reliability and load-carrying capacity. There exist many types and methods of strengthening the columns. This research work deals with strengthening of columns by concreting a new layer of fiber concrete. When applying that type of strengthening, it is necessary to assure the contact between the old layer and the new one. The paper deals with analysis of different types of contacts and determination of their parametric values.
Abstract
In line with the energy development strategy of Europe, it is necessary to implement energy efficient buildings, in which the external enclosures are converters of solar energy to thermal. Therefore, the purpose of the publication was the scientific substantiation and development of the solar heating system with the use of rooftop solar panels. Graphical and analytical dependences of the coefficient of thermal efficiency of the solar panel in heat supply system from the angles of solar radiation incoming and the density of the radiation flux were obtained. Analysis of the results showed that the coefficient of thermal efficiency of the solar panel without transparent coating with the placement of pipelines of the circulation circuit of the coolant over the heat absorber increases by 50%.
Abstract
Safety valves are the most important safety devices of the pressure system. For safety valves in the vast majority of cases in industrial environment, direct spring-loaded safety valves are used. The most important parameter of the equation of motion is the flow force. The main goal of the analysis was to compare the simulated flow forces with the measured results and validating the computational fluid dynamics model. Simulations were made in ANSYS 2019 R1 code for numerous fixed valve disk positions on different pressures. Results are in good agreement with the measured data.
Abstract
Concrete indeterminate flexural members represented by continuous beams reinforced with both fiber-reinforced polymers and steel bars in a way that allows for moment redistribution at failure are analyzed. The efficiency of introducing steel bars in the critical sections where plastic hinges are likely to form is evaluated in terms of reliability. Monte Carlo simulation and the concept of comparative reliability are both employed. Ultimately, the effect of different design parameters on the strength reduction factor is evaluated.
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to introduce the visual elements that may influence the lighting quality, and link them with the functioning of drug addiction institutes to understand the adequate design for each function and assure the well-being of the patient, therefore reduce their stress. The suggested strategy accords the qualitative and quantitative lighting design conditions to afford a complete reference for the forward study.
Abstract
With the continuous development of society and cities, people’s demand for urban public space is constantly changing, and the methods for public space renewal are becoming more and more diverse. As a flexible space renewal strategy, street art activities can not only partially update the space, increase the vitality of the space, but also improve the quality of the space and meet people’s needs. This paper first discusses the concepts and types of street art and clarifies the scope of research, Then, through the analysis of the role and impact of “street art activities intervening in urban space”, and finally summing up the relevant enlightenment, to create a favorable material environment for the future art intervention space.
Abstract
Castellated beams are made from a hot rolled steel I-section in a few steps. Firstly, the web of the parent I-section is cut in a particular zigzag pattern and the two halves are reconnected by welding to form a castellated beam with hexagonal openings. In other cases, a spacer plate is placed between the two halves to produce octagonal openings, which increase the section depth. Increasing the depth by adding spacer plates leads to web-post buckling. This study focuses on improving the castellated beam to obtain high strength with relatively low cost by placing a steel ring inside the octagonal openings to strengthen the weakest part, which is its web. The results show that the steel ring is effective in strengthening the web-post.
Abstract
Because of the wide variety of possible application fields and the spread of smart devices, the research of wireless sensor networks has become an increasingly important area in the last decade. During the design of these networks, several important aspects have to be considered, for example the lifetime of the network, expected battery usage, or robustness of the installed system. In this paper a simulation environment is introduced that enables the testing of different information spreading methods on the network and provides suggestions for gateway placements with different objectives.
Abstract
Cold asphalt emulsion mixtures are produced at ambient temperature and it have several advantages i.e., energy savings, safety and reducing CO2 emission during manufacturing and construction, reduction of adverse environmental impact. Cement kiln dust is a fine powdery substance with appearance similar to Portland cement that is generated as a by-product material of cement manufacturing industry. The aim of this research is addition of cement kiln dust instead of Portland cement as filler in asphalt emulsion mixtures. Cement kiln dust was added with 2, 4, 6, and 8% from total weight of aggregate to improve the mechanical properties and durability of this mixture. The results were very positive and encouraging, due to the improvement of the mechanical properties and durability of the mixtures.
Abstract
Eurocodes give guidance how to design built-up columns having effective bending stiffness, smeared shear stiffness and local bow imperfection amplitude e 0 = L/500 under compression. The guidance is valid only for columns supported by hinges at their ends. The second order theory is presented, which allows analysis of the battened and laced built-up columns with initial imperfection under combined compression and bending with the bottom end fixed and the upper one free in the case of in-plane buckling. The application of the theory in several numerical examples is given in Part II.
Abstract
The congested traffic flow is significantly different from both the free flow and the non-congested but limited flow. Two of those differences are in the merging and crossing movements. Based on the conducted measurements, this movement could be up to 10 times faster in the congested condition. Another important feature is the giveway gestures. It was found that the vast majority of the gaps needed to merge or cross are not generated by the traffic dynamic, but created by the arterial road's drivers in the interactions with drivers wishing to merge or cross.
Abstract
This paper analyses the structural behavior of reinforced self-compacting concrete beams under two-point loading. A total number of five beams were cast with varying quantities of alccofine (i.e., 0, 5, 10, and 15%) and constant dosage of fly ash (i.e., 25%) and tested for examining the load-deflection curves and ultimate moment carrying capacity of reinforced self-compacting concrete beams. From obtained experimental results, it was found that the load-carrying capacity was increased when the beam with the addition of alccofine and fly ash is compared with the normal concrete beam. The experimental obtained ultimate strength values were compared with theoretically predicted values using IS 456-2000, ACI 318-11, and CSA A23.3-04 codes.
