Discover the Latest Journals in Architecture and Architectonics
Architecture is both the process and product of planning, designing, and constructing a building or structure, while architectonics is the scientific study of architecture itself. Architectural works are often considered important cultural symbols and works of art, and we often identify past civilizations with their architectural heritage.
Architecture and Architectonics
Abstract
Control of OHS risks in the mining industry has been attracting increasing attention in recent years. Because of their great diversity in a complex system, hazards can be difficult to identify and classify, especially when system components interact. Risk cannot be managed successfully without comprehensive investigation of all its aspects. A coherent and integrated classification for identifying and categorizing all hazards is currently lacking in mining. We propose an integrated system classification of OHS hazards in mining based on our review of 44 studies retrieved using PRISMA. Considering Canadian and international standards, regulations and conventions, new hazard categories are proposed and hazard prevention is discussed from 12 perspectives: physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic, accident and psychosocial risks, as well as policy, legislation, management, design, geography, and uncertainty, with reference to each of the four phases of a typical mine life cycle, the hazards were shown in a portrait. This paper provides suitable categories based on rational data for creating a portrait in order to OHS hazards prevention in life cycle activity in mine.
Abstract
This paper aims to recognize the effect of material waste on cost increase in Palestinian construction projects. The study used questionnaire survey to achieve its objectives. The target population of the study are constructors and consultants involved in construction projects. The study also predicts the effect of cost overrun on material waste in some construction activities, namely: ceramic and brick works. The collected data were analyzed using statistical analyses. The study has established that among the various factors that affect cost overrun, experience in the line of work, conflicts among project participants, payments delay, and political situation are the key factors. While the analysis revealed that the main material waste factors are: poor site management, using untrained labors, rework due to workers' mistakes, selecting the lowest bidder contractor/subcontractor, and frequent change orders. Data from 55 building projects constructed in the West Bank between 2015 and 2020 were collected to test the relation between material waste and cost increase. Two mathematical models were developed: Model (l) links cost increase and waste in ceramic works. It indicates that if waste increases by 1%, the cost will increase by 1.07%. Model (2) links between cost increase and material waste in brick works. It tells that if waste increases by 1%, cost will increase by 1.25%. R square of value >0.7, for both models, indicates a strong linear relation between cost increase and material waste. This is the first study that predicts the effect of material waste on cost increase in Palestinian construction sector. The study encourages different parties related to construction projects to manage factors of cost overrun and material waste to enhance the sector of construction.
The Legacy of Soviet Monumental and Decorative Art (on the Example of Tselinograd, Republic of Kazakhstan)
A szovjet monumentális és dekoratív művészet hagyatéka (Celinográd, Kazah Köztársaság példáján)
The development of virgin lands (also known as tselina – previously uncultivated or unexplored areas of land, which have not been affected by humans and are typically located in rural or remote regions) has not only boosted the economy but influenced the development of art in Kazakhstan, particularly in Akmolinsk (in 1961 it was renamed Tselinograd, the current name of the city is Astana). Muralists M. Antonyuk and V. Tovtin made a significant contribution to the artistic and aesthetic image of Tselinograd. The purpose of the study is to identify the role of Soviet monumental and decorative art in designing the aesthetics of urban space and to substantiate its historical and cultural value. In this study, the features of stained-glass windows, marquetry, and monumental mosaics of Tselinograd were analysed. Their value as works of art was analysed, the specificities of incorporating national character are described, and their influence on the cultural development of the city is explained. The level of skill of the artists, including the ability to “embed” the artwork in the architectural image of the building is emphasised. The uniqueness of the monumental mosaics of the Soviet period is proved. Conclusions are drawn about their role as agitation. The need to preserve the works of monumental art for future generations is emphasised. This is an important part of the historical period – thoughtless “modernisation” of residential buildings, indifference to and devaluation of the artistic and cultural heritage of the Soviet past are not acceptable.
Abstract
High-performance internal combustion engines are subject to severe torsional vibrations which result from uneven gas and inertial loads. Fatigue damage occurs if the frequency of these undesired oscillations matches the resonance frequency of the crankshaft and the driven engine elements. This phenomenon can be avoided by the application of visco-dampers whose working fluid is high-viscosity silicone oil. Since silicone oil is exposed to a significant amount of heat load during operation, it is essential to calculate the temperature distribution in a relatively easy, quick, and cost-efficient way for lifetime estimation purposes. The aim of this article is to develop a reliable, fast, and accurate finite difference-based numerical method for steady-state thermal calculations for arbitrary damper sections. The developed MATLAB code calculates the temperature field of the damping fluid together with all components in a radial cross-section at given operational conditions. The accuracy of the developed thermal calculation method has been tested in a 3-dimensional – 2-dimensional two-step verification process by finite element and finite volume-based advanced engineering software in ANSYS environment. Furthermore, the original Iwamoto equation available in the literature has been updated to provide more accurate surface temperature results based on the simulations' outcome gained by the finite volume method.
Abstract
Effects of autonomous trucks' different lateral wander modes have been analyzed in this research using a dload subroutine. Two lateral wander modes, a zero-wander mode in which a truck is programmed to follow a predetermined wheel path without any lateral movement and a uniform wander mode, where the truck uniformly distributes itself along the lateral width of the lane, are used. European class A40 truck has been modeled in ABAQUS code. Results show that fatigue life of pavement increases by 1.45 times if a uniform wander mode is used, which corresponds to a decrease in fatigue life of 14 months if a zero-wander mode is used. In case of rutting progression, 40% acceleration of rutting happens under a zero-wander mode. In case of uniform wander mode, rut depth decreases by 1.25 times against the zero-wander mode.
Abstract
The aims of the work is to develop a numerical iced airfoil; quarter round forward ice was tested on NACA 4410 and NACA 0012 airfoils at zero and non-zero angles of attack, and Reynolds numbers equal to (2∙105, 2.4∙105) based on airfoil chord and Mach number 0.04. The two-dimensional steady-state momentum equations with the continuity equation have been solved applying a finite volume method to examine the turbulent flow over a clean and iced airfoil. The cambered airfoil NACA 4410 spends less power than the unsymmetrical airfoil at the same angle of attack. The reported numerical results demonstrated that for airfoil NACA 4410, the drag was increased by 40%, and the lift was reduced by 22%. However, for airfoil NACA 0012, the drag was increased by 43%, and the lift was decreased by 21%.
Abstract
Wastewater treatment systems are important sources of contaminants of emerging substances, including pharmaceuticals, and personal care products. Onsite wastewater treatment systems provide alternative solutions to centralized systems; although they are becoming increasingly popular, little is known about the effect of maintenance on their performance. In the current study, chemical and microbiological parameters in the effluents from two identical on-site wastewater treatment systems were analyzed, one being properly maintained while the other not maintained at all. Taxonomic profiles vastly differed from each other, and organic micropollutants are present at higher concentrations in the effluent of the non-maintained unit. The results highlight the importance of proper maintenance.
Abstract
Ethiopia's government proposes paving existing roads or building modern intersections in cities to reduce maintenance costs. An unimproved signalized intersection at 6° 51′ 47.9″ N and 37° 45′ 50.1″ E is selected for this research. Cost-benefit analysis is used to evaluate the proposed innovative approach to designing and implementing an intersection and to compare whether the new road projects will have an adequate return. This research suggests converting the current intersection into a signalized roundabout to calm traffic. Signalized roundabouts have a higher net present value and a modified internal rate of return than improved signalized crossing intersections. Considering the country's high inflation rate, three scenarios recommend using a signalized roundabout.
Abstract
Geological conditions are an important parameter on hydrological modeling that strongly affects runoff generation processes. They are not usually taken into account in the parameters of hydrological models, especially karst catchments, where water transfers through fissures, cavities, caves, and phreatic channels are regularly discarded in studies because of their nonlinear behavior and the variability of their typology. The study compared using of base flow separation methods in the conditions of karst catchments, where the reference base flow values measured are not available. The base flow separation was realized by various methods and the models available, including BFI+ and WHAT
Abstract
Chinese city growth has transitioned recently. Urban regeneration that fits local conditions has replaced rapid urbanization. City modernization and historic preservation often clash. Qingdao's ancient blocks need preservation and utilization to develop responsibly. This article aims to investigate the design interventions of adaptive reuse using in practical preserved projects. The study intends to give relevant participants interventions to consider while renovating historic districts to make theories, concepts, and plans guide, promote, and constrain the practice. It should also offer practical solutions to historic city renovation issues.
Abstract
This paper presents a novel approach for reconstructing the characteristics of non-punctual impact events on elastic plates by introducing multi-parameter optimization. The objective function is minimized using two heuristic optimization techniques, particle swarm optimization, and differential evolution, to reconstruct impact force characteristics. The force was regarded as taking the form of a uniform pressure over a part of the plate called the patch. The Maxwell-Betti theorem was considered to decouple the problem of localization and the time history of the applying unknown load. The approach based on heuristic optimization methods has been proven a performance to locate the impact zone. A comparison between particle swarm optimization and differential evolution was discussed.
Abstract
The presented paper draws attention to the need to adapt urban areas to the negative impacts of climate change, more precisely to the solution of extreme rainfalls and long dry periods. The topic of rainwater management is popular worldwide due to the worsening situation in the field of climate change. Extreme weather fluctuations and torrential rains stress the urban hydrological cycle. Adaptation measures are proposed that mitigate the impact of climate change in cities. These also include measures to retain water in the country. The paper focuses on drainage density analysis, runoff coefficients and impermeability analysis, and the selection of appropriate measures to reduce surface runoff.
Abstract
U-bending tests are the most common method to predict springback and are influenced by the process and geometrical variables in addition to material behaviour. It needs a numerical study at a high level with many variables to reduce try-out time and loop. In this study, the U-bending test of DC01 steel has been researched numerically and experimentally to govern the influential parameters. The numerical analysis was conducted using AutoForm-Sigma code. The die radius has an excessive influence on the change of flange angle than the punch radius, but the punch radius has the greatest influence on the variation of the sidewall angle. The coefficient of friction played a great impact on both flange and sidewall angle deviation and its influence grows stronger as the blank holding force increases.
Abstract
An assessment of the moisture regime of the external enclosing structures of the building with a layer of insulation on the outer and inner sides was carried out, considering the thermophysical characteristics of all materials of the outer wall of the building. It is shown that brickwork without insulation to preserve the estimated term of its optimal operation, requires taking measures to bring its thermal resistance to heat transfer to a standardized value or to arrange more intensive air exchange in the premises of the building. It has been proven that when designing residential and public buildings, the results of assessing the moisture regime of external enclosing structures and the building's energy indicators for compliance with current requirements are a very important criterion.
Abstract
In this paper, a parametric study is done with various removal and replacement materials to study the effectiveness of the removal and replacement method on the wetting depth in the expansive soil and the amount of differential heave caused by climate conditions and common irrigation scenarios for the southern region of Syria. Soil suction changes and associated soil deformations are analyzed using finite element codes, VADOSE/W and SIGMA/W. The paper concludes that the optimum thickness for replacement with high permeability soil should be at least 1 m. In addition, it concludes that replacing soil with a permeability coefficient lower than the permeability coefficient of the site soil contributes to a 56% and 79% reduction in total and differential heave, respectively.
Abstract
Retaining walls are typical geotechnical engineering applications analyzed extensively in the literature. However, the optimal design of these walls is still unsolved due to the optimization problem's complexity and the unrecognized best solver that can be used. Most similar works present a single optimizer for this problem. This work used six metaheuristics to formulate and solve the optimal gravity retaining wall problem design. The comparative study was achieved among particle swarm optimization, grey wolf optimizer, artificial bee colony, dynamic differential annealed optimization, fertilization optimization algorithm, and whale optimization algorithm. The problem and its results were discussed in detail within the respective sections.
Abstract
This paper describes a novel hybrid technique with fractional order PID controller (FOPID) for simultaneously controlling the humidity of indoor air temperature and the direct expansion (DX) air conditioning (A/C) system. The proposed hybrid system is a joint performance of the butterfly optimization algorithm (BOA) and adaptive network fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), hence forth it is called BOANFIS Technique (BOANFIST). The purpose of the proposed system is to disconnect the temperature and humidity control circuits. The proposed control is modeled and replicated on MATLAB platform and is assessed using existing systems. The statistical performance of the proposed and existing systems of mean, median and standard deviation is also evaluated. It reduces computational time up to 1.01 s and also reduces energy consumption to around 16.42 KWh/day. Furthermore, the simulation outcomes suggest that the proposed technique may efficiently and accurately obtain the optimal global solutions of the proposed technique compared to existing systems.
Abstract
In the recent trends of re-formatting the concept and definition of museums, the number of reached visitors is closely related to their interest in the collection and curatorial program and the quality of the museum buildings' physical spaces. Numerous studies have recently discussed the effect of spatial layout and topology in determining the pattern of visitors' movement, influencing their ‘path of cultural and educational experience.’ This research deals with the five current museums of Prizren in Kosovo. Direct observations and comparative analysis aim to provide factual data to assist museum managers, curators, and designers improve museum design solutions regarding space layout.
Abstract
The most flexible and reliable technological system is Wi-Fi, which is made possible by a wireless connection that transmits data using radio frequencies. Wi-Fi networks, however, encounter numerous issues related to power supply, availability, efficiency, and security as a result of the various access points. While relational waves describe the medical device, Wi-Fi radios produce radio waves that are very dangerous for patients. This document offers line-of-sight communication between the transmitter and receiver using LED technology. Li-Fi technology is a method that transmits audio data using LED light, which is faster and more efficient than Wi-Fi. Since it is practically ubiquitous, light can be used for communication as well. A cutting-edge technology called optical communication includes a subset called light fidelity. By sending out visible light, the Li-Fi device enables wireless intranet communication. This paper is an in-depth study and analysis of Light Fidelity (Li-Fi), a novel technology that transmits data at high speeds over a wide spectrum by using light as a medium of transmission. The research fields that are pertinent to Li-Fi networks are thoroughly analyzed and categorized in this paper: high speed data transmission, receiving, sharing, broadcasting through light in free space optical communication system by Li-Fi technology. In this paper, we followed some methods and developed a unique method to develop this study: VLC, OOK, a Lambertian discharge mechanism, LOS, NLOS, or a CMOS optical receiver. The proposed model tested transmits and receives audio, video, and other data, which is very high-rated and near the 2 GB/s range.
Abstract
The exhibition design of modern museums increasingly relies on the creation of space to display the unique intrinsic cultural quality and place spirit of the exhibition hall, and the exhibition space has become the focus of the design. The exhibition space has become the medium language for the dialogue between the display content and the audience, and the typical venue space presents the required information to the public. In the development process of the information age, display design complements other disciplines and provides a solid foundation for the research and development of space for pavilion design. Narrative design can help the public to seek emotional commonalities and spiritual touches when visiting museums, pursue the real experience of the scene space, and feel the atmosphere and situation created by the theme space.
Abstract
The aim of the paper is to supply updated air convective coefficients
Abstract
This paper investigates the role of “The Yellow Pavilion” intervention by Architecture for Humans in reclaiming Rexhep Luci Street as a public space and promoting urban interventions in Prishtina. The temporary structure was installed for a week to transform the street into a public space, and the paper presents the findings of its impact on the neighborhood and city. By examining the effectiveness of temporary interventions, the article highlights the benefits and limitations of tactical urbanism while also considering the potential for this kind of intervention to create social connections, promote community engagement, and revitalize urban areas. Ultimately, this research contributes to understanding the value of temporary public spaces in urban design and planning.
Abstract
Increasing the number of electrical vehicles determine an increasing of electrical vehicle chargers number too. The best situation is reach when the zero emission vehicles are charged with electrical energy produced by solar panels or another green energy. This paper presents a solar electric vehicle charger system with energy storage capabilities. The system should be considered as a combination of three systems: solar energy production system, energy storage system and electric vehicle charger system. One of the novelty of the system is that for energy storage is used a 2nd life Nissan Leaf electric vehicle battery. The paper gives information about, simulation and measurement of the annual solar energy production of the system, measurements results of the currents, voltages and powers of the system, and a distribution of the maximum daily energy production.
Abstract
Visegrád is one of the smallest towns in Hungary with 1800 inhabitants, which was given the status of town because of its historical importance. Archaeological excavations revealed the remains of the medieval town's former main square and the surrounding buildings. Based on the archeological research the new town center was designed by the A+ Architect Studio and won the Pro Architectura and ICOMOS awards in 2016. Years later the need arose to expand the Áprily Lajos Primary School, which is located next to the site, and to accommodate new classrooms, special training rooms, and music school practice rooms in a new, modern building. The new three-story school building on the street frontage was constructed on the former place of a century-old, dilapidated building and was also designed by A+ Architect Studio.
Abstract
The paper presents the basic principles of static calculations of plates with discrete filling–ribs; the method is based on the analytical solution of the problem of the stress state of a ribbed plate. The bottom line is to use special discontinuous functions at the stage of writing the initial assumptions of differential equations, as well as in the process of solving them due to the nature and physical meaning of the problem.
Abstract
This article is directed on increase of the premise ventilation efficiency by using linear diffusers. The aim of the work was to carry out theoretical research, experimental investigations and numerical modeling of the linear diffuser air dynamic characteristics, to obtain the graphs and analytical equations for determination of the linear diffuser necessary parameters and to encrease of efficiency air distribution in the room. Graphs of air velocity dependence on current coordinate and plates angle have been created and approximated by empirical equations. There was established that air velocity decreases intensively with increasing current coordinate and decreases with increasing of the plates angle.
Abstract
Multi-agent simulation has received a lot of attention in recent years as an emerging design method. To improve the accuracy of the simulation results, the authors provide an optimization scheme that combines multi-agent simulation and visibility graph analysis. Investigate how to improve forecasting accuracy through model optimization.
Abstract
Growth of the world population and the globalization of trade are the origins of the fourth industrial revolution, called “Industry 4.0”. What engineers call systems are becoming more and more complex as businesses strive to stay competitive and meet ever-changing demand. While automation and information digitization and transmission technologies are increasingly becoming major assets in modern industries, the changes they bring are having an impact on the management of occupational health and safety.
The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the progress achieved in the understanding of complex systems and to test some of the published theory by comparing it to a case study. The major scientific databases were searched to retrieve the literature on complexity, and a large company in the steel products business was queried to determine how its complexity as perceived by its managerial staff compares to the theory of complex systems.
Our main conclusion is that, based on the data gathered in the case study, the perception that the managerial staff has of the company corresponds closely to the current definition of complex systems as proposed by researchers. However, it remains to be determined whether this correspondence holds over the range of business sizes.
Abstract
Drones, specifically quadcopters, have increased in importance during the last years due to their wide range of applications, from civil applications to military employment. One of the most important issues in quadcopters is the efficient control system. While many researchers have dealt with building control systems for symmetric quadcopters, this work presents an efficient control system for asymmetric quadcopters using evolutionary computations. The problem is well-defined throughout the paper, and the methodology is explained in detail in the respective sections. A genetic algorithm is used to tune the weighting matrix of the control system after formulating the control system as an optimization problem. The genetic algorithm was fast and active to increase the performance of the proposed system.
Gondolatok az épületkutatásról
Thoughts on Building Archaeology
SUMMARY
The paper summarises the most important periods of building archaeology in Hungary from the theoretical basis and practical works of Schulek and Ferenc Dávid up to Sándor Tóth. The detailed analysis serves the understanding of the scientific research and its components, and the present relevancies of the former professional criteria essential in gaining an accurate set of fundaments for the intervention.
Tipizált térrendszerű és szerkezetű, aulás általános iskolák Magyarországon az államszocializmus idején
Aula Centered Primary Schools with Type Designed Layout and Structure in Hungary During the State Socialist Era
SUMMARY
After 1945, due to the destruction caused by the war, there was also a huge shortage of educational buildings in Hungary. Thanks to this, the mass construction of school buildings began, which was initially based on centrally prepared type plans. Schools with a simple floor plan and structure were built all over the country, whose uniform appearance, which often did not fit into the image of the settlement, provoked the resentment of the population and the profession. Starting in 1968, it was possible to deviate from the standard designs, and state planning companies were given the opportunity to develop prefabricated systems that could be used for the construction of schools. The Borsod County State Construction Company (BÁÉV) and the Northern Hungarian Planning Company (ÉSZAKTERV) have developed a type plan for schools with an aula system, which is more beneficial in terms of the formation of a community among students, instead of the traditional corridor-cell floor plan system that was used most of the time for schools, in a unique way. In this article, the system, its prototypes, applications and their current assessment will be evaluated.
A zsámbéki Öregtemplom építőanyagának vizsgálata: esettanulmány
Experimental Test on the Building Material of the Old Church in Zsámbék: A Case Study
The ruin-church in Zsámbék is one of the best-known monuments in the country. During its history, it was rebuilt and renovated many times before it was devastated. Since then, several plans have been created to determine the direction in which the utilization of the waste should be directed. These had a wide range of variations, from just preservation to complete reconstruction. This question always comes up from time to time, and this case study was created within the framework of a pre-planning survey. The study deals with the examination of the building materials of the ruin, mainly the original stone material and mortar, and their current state. A comprehensive survey of the church was also prepared, which maps where and what material the structure is made of.
Abstract
The manufacturing of cement liberates the green-house gasses into atmosphere. To overcome this problem so many alternative materials has been invented by researchers to minimize addition of cement. The incorporation of these alternative materials as cementitious material in concrete enhances the attributes of concrete. In this scenario metakaolin gained momentum as a substitution to cement in concrete. Most of the researchers studied the performance of concrete incorporating metakaolin as cementitious material in normal curing conditions. There is a need for analysing the impact of accelerated curing on properties of concrete by incorporating metakaolin as cementitious material. The current construction industry needs high early strength for removal of form work in early ages. The accelerated curing is a method which provides high early strength. In this study, different proportions of metakaolin are added as partial alternative to cement and cured in accelerated curing tank for 3.5 h. The strength parameters test, durability test, and micro-structural parameter tests are performed on these samples. Further, micro-structural analysis has been carried out using SEM, and EDX tests. Results depicted the incorporation of 15% of metakaolin as substitute to cement amplifies the overall performance of concrete in accelerated curing regime.
Abstract
A computational fluid dynamics numerical model addressed the problem of local scouring and deposition calculation for non-cohesive sediment and clear water conditions near single and double cylindrical piers. The numerical results of single cylindrical piers correlate very well with the physical model's results while are higher than the case of the double pier, especially when the large-eddy turbulence model, the van Rijn bed-load transport equation, and fine mesh size are considered. Additionally, the final numerical predictions are compared to experimental data after parameters effectiveness explores the range of results based on projected user inputs like the bed-load equation, mesh cell size, and turbulence model.
Abstract
The gear is the most efficient and reliable portion of the transmission system. In machine tools, gears are utilized to handle heavy loads. These gears are used indefinitely if the prerequisites are met. Gear tooth bending stress for numerous spur gears has been examined in this research. The influence of changing the pressure angles on the spur gear tooth root stress has been investigated. The purpose of this study is to look for a new way of finding the stresses generated in the roots of the gear teeth as well as the effect of changing pressure angles on these stresses. Solidworks 2021 uses parametric formulation to model gears, analyzed for deformation and maximum bending stress in ANSYS. The airy stress function is used to conduct the nominal root tooth stress. The enhancement percentages of modified cases are 5.92%, 1.70%, 10.70%, 17.22%, 10.86%, 24.32%, 20.91%, and 26.15% for the cases 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9, respectively according to the stress function findings.
Abstract
The thermo convective instability of the Darcy-Benard problem (DB) using Robin (third-kind) thermal conditions is investigated here. We consider a viscous Newtonian fluid saturating a porous layer in which the layer is sandwiched between two impermeable boundaries. The upper and the lower walls are modelled in the form of the Neumann (second-kind) and the Robin (third-kind) thermal conditions, respectively. The difference in the temperature distribution between both phases allows the lack of a local thermal equilibrium model to be present. As a consequence, the third kind of thermal condition brings about one extra dimensionless parameter of the Biot number to the usual one of the inter-heat transfer coefficient and the thermal conductivity ratio. The normal modes method adopted in a linear stability analysis gives rise to perturbed governing equations. The eigenvalue problem is handled numerically as a result of the perturbed governing equations leading to the marginal stability condition.
Kismarty-Lechner Jenő templomépítészete
A két világháború közötti katolikus templomépítészet útkeresései
Church Architecture of Jenő Kismarty-Lechner
The Attempts of Renewal of the Roman Catholic Church Architecture in the Interwar Period
The career of Jenő Kismarty-Lechner as designer of church buildings began in 1916 and, if one considers his reconstruction plans for existing churches, it lasted well into the 1950’s, following a rich and diverse trajectory often inseparable from his work in preservation and academic teaching. A substantial part of his work can be dated to the interwar period, and it truly represents the pluralism in styles which characterised the era. The breadth of his scope ranged from Upper-Hungarian Renaissance Revival, through Neoclassicism, to reinterpretations of national historical tendencies, and beyond, to modernist church architecture. His influence in the latter has been regarded as significant to this date. Most references of Kismarty-Lechner in published literature essentially put the emphasis on his rich diversity in styles and receive his oeuvre as a revival of Hungarian Art Nouveau and a stage in the search for a Hungarian national style, highlighting his inspiring efforts in incorporating Upper-Hungarian crenelated Renaissance Revival and traditional rural architecture into an individual architectural vocabulary. In addition, the plans and realised examples of his architectural output analysed in present research from the perspective of interwar church architecture indicate that Kismarty-Lechner played an important role in the inception of the modern Hungarian church design, as well. Based on a reconstruction of the available sources, this paper intends to provide a comprehensive introduction to the substantial church design heritage of Jenő Kismarty-Lechner in its evolutionary context, and a side-by-side analysis of his surviving plans preserved in various collections.
Abstract
Usage of single use plastics has been rapidly increasing in the recent past and it is challenging to dispose of these plastics safely, since they are non-biodegradable. Especially, Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) which is widely used in the form of water bottles cannot be easily recycled or reused. On the other hand, construction projects require sustainable materials having good strength, accordingly various studies have been conducted to reuse plastic wastes in the concrete and positive results have been obtained. In this study, the crushed PET bottles are partially substituted with fine aggregates and water hyacinth is added as a bio plasticizer in concrete. The concrete specimens are cast by substituting PET aggregates with the fine aggregates at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10% and water hyacinth is added at 10 & 20% by weight of water. The specimens are tested and it is noted that with the addition of PET aggregates up to 4% the strength of the concrete increases and beyond 4%, strength of the concrete gradually decreases, and addition of water hyacinth enhances the strength of the concrete.
Abstract
In this paper, a novel hybrid technique is proposed for transient stability analysis on grid connected Wind-Diesel-PV hybrid system. The proposed hybrid methodology is combination of the dwarf mongoose optimization algorithm (DMO) and the recalling enhanced recurrent neural network (RERNN) named DMO-RERNN. The main purpose of this work is to consider various elements on hybrid system for the analysis of transient stability according to different conditions. The voltage profile of hybrid system is enhanced using the proposed unified power flow controller (UPFC), which also has higher performance improving transient performance compared to the conventional ANN, PI and fuzzy-sliding mode controller. Considering the proposed technique, DMO is used to find the optimal global solution for the fault predicted by the RERNN approach. The proposed system is executed on MATLAB work platform; its performance with existing systems is analyzed. The result proves that the proposed hybrid technique based UPFC controller provides better results compared with other existing technique. The efficiency of the PI is 82.136, ANN is 77, Fuzzy Sliding Mode is 65.097% and proposed technique is 97.99038%.
Abstract
The design of the envelope in high-rise office buildings is a task of great importance as it can impact the entire building's energy performance. The study presented in this paper is an extension of a previous work reporting on the optimization of the façade and the shading systems of an east-west facing high-rise office building. This study aims to investigate the façade geometry design factors for other potential orientations, e.g., south, south-east, and south-west directions. The IDA ICE 4.8 complex dynamic building energy simulation program was used to assess thermal and lighting simulations. The optimization results revealed the best-performing façade configurations, appropriate for each orientation examined in terms of thermal comfort, visual comfort, and energy consumption.
Abstract
The pylon is an essential part of lower limb prosthetics. It is usually made of titanium, aluminum, and steel. However, it is expensive and difficult to be available in developing countries, especially for children who suffer from amputation. Moreover, they constantly need new pylon pieces during close periods due to the growth and increase in the child's length.
Purpose
This study aims to design an adjustable pylon that can change in length to suit the increase in the length of the healthy leg of the child without the need for a new pylon and reduce the economic cost.
Design/methodology/approach
In this study, an adjustable pylon model was designed using the CAD software (Solid work) and work to manufacture the pylon from low-cost materials (carbon fiber filament) capable of bearing the amputee's weight, and manufacturing printed parts by using additive manufacturing technical (CREALITY CR20 3D printer).
Findings
The results showed that the pylon is successful in design and strength as it bears the patient's weight without any failure or buckling, and the proof that the maximum amount of stress generated is 27.8 MPa, which is far from the value of the yield stress.
Originality/value
The design of the adjustable pylon prototype offers good strength and ability to bear the patient weight, reducing the cost and time of manufacturing.
Abstract
Prying force formation at bolts is considered as an important problem in steel connection design. It affects the connection bearing capacity, ductility and serviceability negatively by increasing stresses induced inside connections. In the present work, behavior of steel connection under prying force is studied. A connection of steel beam-column has been modeled using software Revit program. Tension load is applied increasingly and the connection displacement has been measured until failure. Finite element simulation of steel angles under the effect of tension load and prying force has been studied. It is found that the connection has three phases of bearing behavior. Plastic hinge formation noticed increased with prying force presence.
Abstract
The common feature of streams in steep sloping watersheds is that there is a significant change from base-flow to flash-flood; sometimes two or three orders of magnitude. In Hungary, these streams are usually ungauged, with lack of available data, and models. The watershed features both urban and natural land use conditions, but the main area is quite homogenic.
This paper evaluates the impact of different model parameterizations, and rainfall duration on flash-flood events in the Morgó-creek watershed. The goal is to find the main parameters that can represent the uncertainty of a flash-flood sensitive area, and how the calibrated and determined parameters take effect on a model if these values are shifted on given intervals.
Abstract
Nowadays, the use of plastic is very widespread, especially in packaging materials. Most packaging materials are made from fossil-based polymers, which contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. The unprecedented leakage of single-use plastic waste into the environment is a major problem, with negative impacts on both ecosystems and human health. In this study we examine the development of packaging waste and recycled packaging in the European Union over a period of more than 20 years, highlighting changes in the regulatory context; assess the achievements of Hungary so far and forecast the expected developing of packaging volumes and recycling rates; and consider recycling and waste reduction options, including alternative sustainable packaging options. Our forecast based on the evidence shows that Hungary (47.62%), Germany (61.46%), Malta (26.27%), Romania (58.64%) and Croatia (49.41%) are not expected to reach the target set (65% by 2025) in EU legislation. Out of the 27 countries surveyed, 6 (Belgium 88.2%, the Netherlands 87.81%, Luxembourg 76.96%, the Czech Republic 77.79%, Finland 78.75% and Denmark 83.7%) exceeded the expectations, so we show their waste management and waste recycling good practice, as they can serve as good examples for Hungary and other countries.
Abstract
In this paper, a comprehensive statistics-based review of islanding detection methods (IDMs) in microgrids (MGs) is presented. Islanding detection is the situation of isolating the MG from the main grid whether programmed as a result of load managing purposes or un-programmed due to the occurrence of faults. Islanding detection is a vital issue in MG's analyses due to the prevention of subsequent protection problems in the power system. In other words, when the MG's operation mode changes, the current passing through the protective devices changes subsequently and the protection system should be able to adapt the new settings to the protective devices. So, IDMs are vital for electrical engineers to overcome the abovementioned protection issue. This review paper surveys the existing literature in IDMs by concentration on total publications, type of publications (journal, conference paper, or book), five authors with the highest number of publications (including the affiliations), and five most published sources. Also, the five most cited publications and state-of-the-art IDMs are investigated in detail, utilizing some known and novel categorizations. This paper will be useful for the MG's researchers to know the most desirable IDMs, especially in recent years, and provides an insightful overview for future studies.
Abstract
The technical and economic effects of the two methods of retrofitting with buckling restrain bracing and using concrete shear wall were investigated. The results of this study showed that using reinforcement, the amount of target displacement in the models was significantly reduced and it was observed that the concrete shear wall had a greater impact on the structure in this regard. The reinforcement methods used in this research have a significant impact on improving the technical performance of structures, which has been more in the strengthening method with concrete shear wall. Also, the evaluations showed that despite the fact that the shear wall of reinforced concrete has a better effect on the performance of the structure from a technical point of view, but in terms of weight, it can be seen that using a buckling brace can be more economical.
Abstract
This study revealed the system of a lower limb exoskeleton created for knee rehabilitation. The exoskeleton has been extensively used in rehabilitation robotic device research, but its practical applicability is limited due to its high nonlinearity and uncertain behavior. As a result, the control technique is critical in increasing the efficacy of rehabilitation devices. For the rehabilitation and help of a patient with a lower-limb condition, a sliding mode control (SMC) with proportional derivative (PD) control approach are used as parallel loops. Active disturbances rejection control (ADRC) is used by these controllers to cancel any external influences. To overcome the degradation of disturbance rejection and robustness caused by a failure to fully adjust for the entire disturbance, a (SMC) loop was introduced to the control regulation. By assessing performance indices related to the estimated inaccuracy, the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested controller. Simulink is used for simulation and analysis.
Abstract
Nowadays, there is an increasing demand on environmentally friendly materials, so the environmentally conscious architecture and the use of environmentally friendly materials have also become preferred. It is becoming increasingly important to turn from artificial materials to products made from renewable raw materials. The straw quilt, which is considered to be a new, innovative product on the Hungarian construction market, can provide an alternative for this need. The aim of this research was to investigate the material properties and possible uses of straw quilt thermal insulation. Laboratory tests were performed before the product was placed on the market. The results have shown that it has several advantageous properties that can make it competitive in the market of thermal insulation materials.
A Cross-Vault System’s Relative Periodisation Based on Geometric Analysis
The Vaulting System of the Apse of the Inner City Parish Church of Budapest
Egy keresztboltozat-rendszer relatív periodizációja
A Budapest-Belvárosi Nagyboldogasszony Főplébánia-templom szentélyboltozat-rendszere
The cross-vault system of the Inner City Parish Church of Budapest was the subject of numerous scientific works so far. In our present article, we aimed to supplement the information known about the vaults by providing exact geometric data gathered via laser scanning. Based on this data, we attempted to filter out common characteristics of the individual vaults, regarding the geometry of their ribs, their webs and the positions of their keystones. As a result, we proved that the cross vaults composing the system cannot be hallmarked as the remains of a given building period, and even within a given cross vault, more building periods can appear. Combining the results of the different geometric analyses, we concluded six distinct scenarios concerning the relative periodisation of the elements composing the cross-vault system, complemented by the evaluation of these. Thus, in the present article, we give an example of how to use point cloud-based building survey techniques to approach the questions of a given building’s relative periodisations.
A historizmus léptékváltó építkezései a budai polgárvárosban
Large Scale Residential Building Investments in Buda Castle District Between the Compromise and the First World War
It is not common to lay the blame on designers and architects of old historical periods. In the Medieval era many Romanesque apses were demolished to build new Gothic sanctuaries. Baroque castle designs had not had a sensitive attitude to previous periods. Historicism also deserves an analysis of its architectural products in its own frame of reference, in a more objective way than it is usual nowadays. There was an enormous economic development in Hungary after the compromise. It was followed by a huge real estate development in the Buda Castle district. The castle was finished based on the plans of Alajos Hauszmann, many monumental office palaces were built for state institutions, the restauration of Matthias Church and its picturesque frame, the Fisherman’s Bastion, was completed by Frigyes Schulek. Meanwhile, residential building investments took place in the so-called citizen’s district. Some of them have been forgotten by now. After the ravage in World War II, we already known that there are a lot of valuable historical architectural details in the houses. The reconstruction in the second part of the 20th century created a brand-new city character, where the previously hidden historical parts became visible, but the larger scale buildings of Historicism did not suit the new ideas. The article presents examples of this forgotten sort of buildings together with the tendencies which accompanied the period between the compromise and World War I.
