Discover the Latest Journals in Architecture and Architectonics
Architecture is both the process and product of planning, designing, and constructing a building or structure, while architectonics is the scientific study of architecture itself. Architectural works are often considered important cultural symbols and works of art, and we often identify past civilizations with their architectural heritage.
Architecture and Architectonics
Abstract
This paper compared the performance between Integer Order Fuzzy PID (IOFPID) and Fractional Order Fuzzy PID (FOFPID) controllers for inverted pendulum system as a controlling plant. The parameters of each controller were tuned with four evolutionary optimization algorithms (Social Spider Optimization (SSO), Swarm Optimization (PSO), Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Particle Ant Colony Optimization (ACO)). The comparisons were carried out between the two controllers IOFPID and FOFPID, as well as among the four optimization algorithms for the two controllers. The results of comparisons proved that the FOFPID controller with SSO has achieved the best time response characteristics and the least tuning time.
Buda, a keleties város
Buda, a City with Oriental Elements
Az oszmán hódítással egy teljesen új kultúra jelent meg Budán, aminek az intézményi hálózatát ekkor kellett megteremteni. Budán semmi sem volt meg, amit egy oszmán elvárt városaitól, amire a mindennapi élethez szüksége volt. Nem volt dzsámi, Korán-iskola, fürdő stb., ezeket mind létre kellett hozniuk, és az intézmények épületeket igényeltek. A jelentős új épületek, melyek oszmán stílus szerint készültek, a külvárosokban jelentek meg, a Várhegy őrizte középkori megjelenését. A Várhegyen a középkori épületek új funkciót kaptak, oszmán intézményeknek adtak teret. Elsőként a templomokból kellet dzsámit csinálni, ami azok teljes belső átalakítását jelentette. Utána sorban megtalálták a többi feladathoz rendelhető helyet, középkori épületet használtak az iskolák, a közkonyha, a fedett piac számára. Amit mindenképp újonnan kellett még a Várhegyen is megépíteni, az a fürdő és a síremlék. Ezek mind szükségesek ahhoz, hogy egy oszmán város működjön, így azt látjuk, hogy a korszak legelején mindent megépítettek vagy átalakítottak, amire szükségük volt, jelentősebb változás csak új városnegyedek kialakulása miatt tapasztalható.
A vári házakba oszmánok költöztek, bár a 16. században még 122 család élt itt, a korszak végére gyakorlatilag teljesen elköltöztek a Várhegyről a magyar lakosok. A lakóházak kisebb átalakításokon estek át, jelentős bontást és teljesen új épületegyüttes kiépítését a pasa palota esetében figyelhetünk meg.
A budai Várnegyed műemléki kutatása és helyreállítása 1945–1960
Reconstruction of the Buda Castle District 1945–1960
Budapest 1944–1945-ös ostroma súlyos károkat okozott a budai Várnegyed épületállományában. Paradox módon éppen ez a pusztítás járult hozzá, hogy a negyed legtöbb épületében sikerült feltárni a középkor addig ismeretlen – gyakran jelentős – maradványait. A tanulmány fő célja bemutatni, hogy a műemlékes építészek milyen lehetőségeket láttak a sérült épületek helyreállítására, a korábbi állapot rekonstruálására, vagy az arra érdemes részletek bemutatására. Bemutatja e munka gyakran változó intézményes kereteit, legjobb szakembereit, és azokat az elveket, melyekben mindannyian egyetértettek az 1949-es törvényerejű rendelet alapján műemléki területként kezelt Várnegyedben. Ezeket rögzítette az első rendezési terv (1948–1949), melynek irányelvei (legfőbb érték a középkori-barokk polgárváros karaktere, léptéke és utcaképei) a legutóbbi időkig közmegegyezésnek örvendtek. A késő 19. század túlzott magasságú épületeinek felső szintjeit visszabontották, túl hangsúlyos architektúráját lecsendesítették. Az 1954-es részletes rendezési terv már a negyedben lakók igényeire is tekintettel volt, ám az üres telkek beépítését elég sematikusan szabályozta. 1948 és 1960 között számos műemlék helyreállítás elkészült, a foghíjak beépítése viszont csak 1957-től vette igazán kezdetét. Az a néhány példa, ami korábban megvalósult, semleges architektúrával igyekezett igazodni a műemléki környezethez. E gyakorlatnak a fiatal építészgeneráció vetett véget azzal a meggyőződéssel, hogy – ha minden kor a saját stílusában épített a vár területén – akkor a modern építészetnek is ezt kell tennie.
Itáliai és német építőmesterek tevékenysége a budai polgárvárosban a török kiűzése után
Activities of Italian and German Master Builders in Buda After the Expulsion of the Turks
1686. évi visszavívása után a romokból és az eleinte még falusias viszonyokból lassan, majd egyre gyorsuló ütemben született újjá Buda városa. Az Udvari Kamara idegenből jött, főleg német anyanyelvű, katolikus lakosokat kezdett betelepíteni, a mestereket kedvező feltételekkel csábítva Pest-Budára.
I. Lipót Venerio Ceresola császári építőmestert nevezte ki a budai erődítési munkálatok irányítására, aki már 1686 októberében belekezdett az újjáépítés megszervezésébe. Az ország különböző részeiből érkeztek építőmunkások, akik a kőfaragókkal társulva céhbe szerveződtek Ceresola vezetésével. A budai kőműves és kőfaragó céh 1690-ben jött létre, és működött a céhek 1872-es feloszlatásáig. E mesterek polgári kőművesmester megjelölése még más értelemmel bírt, ugyanis az építész szakmán belül ekkor a legmagasabb megszerezhető képesítés a kőművesmesterség volt, s ezt csak céhen belül és csak mestervizsgával lehetett elérni. A kőművesmester a tervezéstől a kivitelezésig jogosult volt az építés teljes folyamatának elvégzésére. Az építész vagy építőmester elnevezés csak címet jelentett, azaz hivatal- vagy rangjelző volt, mint pl. az uradalmi vagy kamarai építész címe.
Ceresola háztulajdonos is volt Budán, ő kezdte építeni a budai városházát, melyet később a 18. század folyamán a céh több tagja is bővített vagy átépített, köztük Hölbling János, Vogl Konrád, Nöpauer Mátyás. A céh tagjai közül kiemelkedik Hölbling János, aki Ceresolához hasonlóan császári építőmester is volt, az ő egyik munkája pl. a Zeughaus kivitelezése. Nöpauer Mátyás tervezte és építette az Erdődy-palotát, ill. az ő tulajdona volt a Hess András tér 3. sz. alatti Vörös Sün vendégfogadó is.
E céh tagjainak nevéhez az egyszerű barokk lakóépületektől kezdve templomok, kolostorok, középületek építése kötődik, nagyrészt ők építették újjá Buda városát, ami alatt nemcsak a felső város értendő, hanem a külvárosok is, ráadásul e céh mint főcéh tagjai jogosultak voltak az ország egész területén építkezni.
Abstract
As of 2020, the mining industry in the province of Quebec (Canada) has been providing 16,000 jobs, the majority of these in the north part of the province and in the Abitibi-Témiscamingue region. From the exploration phase to the mining site rehabilitation phase, numerous chemical processes are used, often involving some of the most dangerous substances used on industrial scales.
The hazards associated with many of these substances are in some cases not obvious, and symptoms of exposure may take years to appear. The risks associated with the industrial use of chemicals in Canada and abroad has long preoccupied health authorities, given the severity of the diseases that can occur. In Quebec, occupational diseases associated with exposure to industrial chemicals are reaching 1,500 cases per year.
The principal focus of this study, presented in two articles, is to set a preliminary theoretical framework for categorizing chemicals in terms of their effects on the health of workers throughout the various phases of mining projects. The objective is to decrease (over the long term) the number of occupational diseases due to the use of chemicals by raising awareness among employers and exposed workers in the mining sector.
This research was conducted in four phases. The present article contains the results of the first two stages, that is, a review of the literature to catalog the industrial chemicals used in mines and to list the potential effects of exposure to them, based on Safety Data Sheets. Eighty-five (85) chemicals used in at least one mining project phase and dozens of potential effects on worker health were identified. The rest of the study is presented in a second article [1]
Abstract
This article deals with balancing an autonomous motorcycle model along a straight line and curve lines. The dynamic model of the motorcycle balancing is described with an inverted physical pendulum loaded with torque. The torque is provided by the inertia of a rotor driven by a direct current motor. The lean angle of the motorcycle is measured by a smart sensor, which is the feedback signal for the linear quadratic regulator control system. The main purpose of this study is to compensate the error of the smart sensor. Controlling the necessary lean angle of the motorcycle during cornering is also addressed.
Abstract
The aim of the study is to determine the environmental conditions in the territory of the Myjava river basin (Slovakia) in order to analyze changes in the ecological stability from the first military mapping (1769–1784) until the present (2020). Except of the assessment of the ecological condition of the area, the stress factors of the territory were evaluated together with proposed measures according to the need to improve the current situation. The ecological prosperity of the landscape was evaluated based on the several methodologies used in Slovakia including coefficients of ecological stability. The results pointed to changes in ecological stability during the period evaluated, together with analyses of the stress factors that are currently affecting the territory researched.
Abstract
Dynamic contact and impact problems are widely applicable. An accurate solution method for these kinds of problems can be used in many fields of mechanical engineering (e.g., cutting metalwork, cogwheel drives, etc.). However, the proper handling of the contact is problematic, as there emerges a substantial amount of nonlinearity in the displacement field. Therefore, a spurious high frequency oscillation is present in the solution. These oscillations must be avoided, as divergence can easily occur in the contact algorithm due to them. In order to eliminate this effect, the applied numerical method must be chosen and set properly. In this study, a comprehensive guide is provided for the appropriate selection of the proper numerical method and its parameters.
Abstract
In the Hydraulic Laboratory of the Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava the distribution of the flow velocity in a shaft intake structure was investigated on a physical model. The homogeneity of the flow velocity distribution in the intakes of turbines has a great influence on the turbine performance. Modern optical methods, particle image velocimetry and laser Doppler anemometry, were used to measure the flow velocity distribution in the model of the turbine intake. The particle image velocimetry method provides a record of the velocity field, while the laser Doppler anemometry method provides an accurate indication of the velocity at a given point. The flow velocity distributions in the examined profiles were measured by the particle image velocimetry and laser Doppler anemometry methods and the results were compared with each other.
Abstract
On the basis of elaborating the connotation of intensive city block, it is pointed out that the intensive structure organization is the key to realize intensive city block. The order complexity of the block structure is formed by the close connection, overlapping of elements, the depth difference and their compound association. This paper constructs the basic pedigree of block structure design from three levels of street configuration, plot organization and building layout, and forms the derivation and comprehensive application strategy of pedigree from the organic linkage and compound of each other.
Abstract
Algae are an evolutionary model of success and colonize all suitable ecological niches including building material surfaces that have favorable characteristics. In the last 25 years, building physics measures were developed to reduce water availability, especially on external thermal insulation composite systems.
Investigations into the influence of coating formulations have so far primarily focused on binder systems, biocides and hygrothermal properties. Research on the algal susceptibility due to the fillers is not to be found, but these regularly constitute a large proportion of final coatings. The present work investigates the influence of magnesium-containing fillers in the process of algal colonization of free-weathered façade coatings and a defense-strategy by water-activated pigment composition.
Abstract
The aim of this study is to design a pylon with an engineering structure that gives it support and strength and manufacture a pylon characterized by low cost, lightweight, and bearing the patient's weight. This study designed two pylon models and fabricated by additive manufacturing techniques. The polylactic acid polymer is used as the filament for the 3D printing of pylons. A force plate and tensile test with finite element method simulation ANSYS software were applied to the pylons to evaluate their performance. The results showed that 3D printed pylon with Y-section has enough strength under stress and good safety factor, and the ability to bear a high patient load without buckling and exceed the requirements to become instead of the metallic prosthetic pylons.
Abstract
With the rapid importance of high-performance energy modeling of buildings, whole-building energy simulation engines are rapidly used in the decision-making process. However, there are tens of engines in the market, which makes the choice of design engine very challenging. This article provides a comparison of the applications of whole-building energy simulation to predict a significant number of systems. As a result, the selected engines will be compared to establish their characteristics and abilities. Nevertheless, the focus will be placed on: generic criteria; envelope; lighting; service hot water; Heating-ventilation; and renewable systems. However, the authors found that an engine could be used extensively in one system and has limited capabilities in another system.
Abstract
Concrete-filled steel tube columns are widely used in civil engineering structures due to their excellent ductility, energy absorption capacity, ultimate load-bearing capacity, and seismic behavior. In this paper, a numerical study modeling of eight lightweight concrete and conventional concrete filled steel tubes was carried out using ABAQUS software, and the lateral load-carrying capacity of square and circular steel tubes under cyclic load was compared. The quarter and one-third height of the tubes was filled with concrete with respect to the pier's height, to improve the base performance of the piers. The results show that the capacity of steel tubes filled with lightweight concrete increased by 40%–70% regarding energy absorption. The square tubes showed better performance than the circular tubes in terms of yielding load, yielding displacement, and energy dissipation.
Abstract
To estimate and model explosion pressure rise in closed volumes, industrial applications require a simple method. Ideal gas model is capable to assume pressure rise values to 10% above to initial pressure. However, most of the explosion venting devices opens higher than this pressure range.
Extension of ideal gas model was carried out in this paper. Authors made some experimental studies in 20 L explosion sphere at ambient temperature and atmospheric initial pressure, with propane-air mixtures at different concentrations between 2.8 and 6.3 vol%. They measured pressure values inside the chamber during explosion and recorded at 9,600 Hz. Based on experimental studies, authors extended ideal gas model application range to 1.5 barg.
Abstract
This study aims to select the suitable density of the material according to the mechanical properties needed by the 3D-printing application in which it will be used. 3D-printed carbon fiber filaments with different printing densities have been tensile, and a fatigue test was experimented with to find the mechanical properties. Furthermore, the modulus of elasticity, yield stress, and ultimate tensile strength of the material was determined by analyzing the stress-strain curves. The result shows that the parts printed with a high infill density give better mechanical properties, more time to build the object, more strength, and heavier weight than those printed with low infill density.
Abstract
Accessibility is known as the ease of reaching destinations. The accessibility is determined by the spatial distribution of potential destinations, and the magnitude, quality, and character of the activities found there. However, modernization and the fast expansion of urban development transform cities' local cultural life from walkable accessible places to just car places. This has encroached into every corner of our urban environment today. In addition, the available services and systems to manage the pedestrian movement in the historic core are inadequate and inefficient, posing risks to both the traffic and the pedestrians. That affects the walkability for cities gradually. Hence, this paper aims to explore the main physical elements that contribute toward accessibility under three main categories (pedestrians, vehicles and public transport) as one of the walkability characters in Salt City in Jordan. Historical review, site analysis, and survey were the main methodology used in this study.
Abstract
Cracking in composite steel-concrete bridge decks is a common problem in civil engineering. Before, or shortly after, the bridge is subjected to live loads; various levels of cracking can appear, mostly due to plastic shrinkage and temperature effects.
This paper presents an investigation of the behavior of cracked concrete in a composite deck slab of a railway bridge supported by steel girders using the finite element method. Eurocode 4-2 proposes a few simplified methods for calculating shrinkage and cracking effects in concrete. Through the proposed methods of analysis, an analytical simulation of a continuous composite steel-concrete bridge deck is performed and some practical recommendations for analyzing beam girders of this type are given.
Abstract
Metal injection molding has undergone great growth in the last years and is widely used in the manufacturing of small-sized and geometrically complex metal parts in high-volume production series in many applications. This paper makes overview of the integrity evaluation of metal injection molding production. Digital radiography can automatize the process of controlling various discontinuities inside the material, with sensitivity acceptable by the standard. Image processing through software Rythm Review 2.2, allows the detection of discontinuities in complicated geometric shapes. Tests were made on items with thicknesses 3 – up to 8 mm, with complicated geometry. The result is satisfactory in terms of localization and evaluation of defects in both dimensions and typology.
Abstract
This paper presents an experimental work of using crushed glass mixed with the poorly graded sandy soil to investigate the possibility of shear strength parameters improvement using the direct shear test. The crushed glass is sieved and prepared for seven sets of percentages, the collected percentages of crushed glass represented a mix of glass retained on sieves No. 4, No. 8, No. 30, No. 100, and No. 200 and were added as a weight ratio of the sample for many cases. The main results of this work show that the mixing 10% of crushed glass for sieves No. 8, No. 200, and No. 50 increase the angle of internal friction of poorly graded sand (Ø˚) about 15%, 3%, and 29% respectively, and mixing 10% of crushed glass retained on sieve No. 4 decrease Ø˚ about 40%.
Abstract
This study evaluates future hydrological alterations caused by climatic changes until 2100 using climate change scenarios. The indicators of hydrologic alteration software program assess predicted changes in flow characteristics and the degree of hydrological alteration obtained through a range of variability approach analysis. The study was performed on the Hron River basin in Slovakia, using the daily discharges from the observation period of 1981–2010 and a modelled scenario of daily discharges until 2100. The time period investigated was divided into three periods among which four ranges of variability approach analysis were conducted. The study results presented assume an increased incidence of drought in the summer months. In the winter months, the period of increased flows is expected to intensify.
Abstract
The natural fibre containing cellulose as its main component that can be used as an alternative material to improve the strength of polymer composites. Paper focused on the determination of the best volume fraction of sugarcane fibre-reinforced polymer composites. Three variants of alkalization time were carried out. The highest average value of the tensile test results was obtained at an alkalization time of 1.5 h with a tensile strength of 41 N mm−2 and elongation correspond to 11.806% where the highest bending test results were obtained at an alkalizing time of 0.5 h with a bending strength of 24.89 N mm−2. The results of mechanical interlocking have been observed on macrostructure photo and at 1.5 h of alkalization are better than 0.5 h and 1 h of alkalizing time.
Abstract
This manuscript proposes a novel adaptive restarting genetic algorithm-based solution approach for rescheduling generation-based congestion control. The generator sensitivity values are considered to select generators to participate in the congestion management. The efficacy of the suggested technique is demonstrated on a 39-bus New England system and a modified IEEE 30 bus system, and a comparative study with other optimization strategies are established. The findings produced with the suggested technique for congestion management better the outcomes obtained with different methods. The presented approach ensures a superior convergence profile by eliminating local minima traps. This method also assists the independent system operator in managing congestion more efficiently.
Abstract
A major object of prosthetics fitting procedure his to provide the amputee with the greatest potential long-term rehabilitation result by providing the finest feasible design. The foot keel and ankle joint are two key components for transtibial prosthetic users. This essay's objective is to determine the effect of systematically altering the stiffness of prosthetic foot keel and ankle joint on standing in individuals who have undergone unilateral transtibial amputations. A balance analysis was carried out to select the optimal combination of prosthetic foot and joint. According to the findings, the medium foot and soft ankle joint is the best one for standing analysis.
Abstract
The focus of this study is how Xiazhuang Village with high quality resources can achieve sustainable development in the new era by protecting and transforming vernacular architecture. Based on the layout of village, the characteristics of vernacular architecture and the ecological advantages of construction technology, this study puts forward the classification renewal and optimization design based on different buildings to solve the problems of village. Try to find a way to continue the historical context of vernacular architecture and satisfy the development of rural tourism at the same time.
Abstract
Modern buildings in Algeria consume a huge amount of energy and deliver modest thermal comfort, due to their design which does not address the local climate conditions. In contrast, it is commonly recognized that vernacular architecture is climate-responsive and environmentally friendly architecture.
This study aims to assess the thermal performance of vernacular architecture in the hot and dry climate of the Ziban region, Biskra. It was achieved by describing the main passive strategies in this architecture, later performing field hygrothermal measurements on two different houses in this region. The results revealed that the thermal effectiveness of these vernacular houses depends on the interaction of all their vernacular passive strategies from architectural to urban scale.
Abstract
The urban structure of Dombóvár has been transformed in recent centuries, and the protected buildings that once defined the town center, have been relegated to the periphery. Today, despite its rich architectural heritage, the Kakasdomb district is an area at risk of segregation. The key to the integration of the district into the existing urban tissue is the utilization of the protected buildings of the area including the former synagogue building. This paper examines the possibilities for the reuse of the synagogue based on the town development strategy and the perceptions of the remaining Jewish community, and the systematic modification of the settlement structure, together with the possibilities for the integration of the neighborhood.
Abstract
In this work, the actual aspect of the creation of comfortable climatic conditions indoors due to the compressed swirl compact air streams at an alternating mode is considered. The purpose of this article is the mathematical modeling of the swirl compact air jet and getting of the analytical equations for calculation air distribution in a premise at the condition of dynamic indoor climate in compressed conditions of a premise for providing comfort people well-being. A mathematical model of air supply with the swirl compact air jets in the room has been developed. A combinatorial-logarithmic method for the graphs approximating the dependence of the relative transverse velocity of a swirl compact air jet and the correction coefficient for compression and swirling on the relative transverse coordinate has been developed.
Abstract
For the final quality of the part, metal forming trends are depending on improvements of friction and tribology. As a consequence, there is a trend in which tribology and friction are becoming increasingly important for correctly replicating the forming simulation of those parts. The objective of this work was to improve the forming simulation of an automotive shell part on AutoForm. The part was provided by a vehicle industry supplier. Enhanced Coulomb models consider a change on friction coefficient due to different factors, better approximating the description of friction to reality. For the current study, pressure and velocity dependent friction models were chosen as long as the combination of both. The virtual tribology was simulated using the software TriboForm. Velocity dependent friction model and the virtual tribology have shown similar results with expected lower coefficients of friction.
Abstract
Nowadays, due to savings requirements, the heights of floor systems in multi-story buildings are reduced. To ensure passage of installation within a floor depth, a solution considering web openings is usually adopted in steel-concrete composite structures. Owing to the presence of web openings, the structural performance of a bearing member is affected not only in the final stage but also during the construction. Hence, the main purpose of this research is to evaluate the impact of web openings on the lateral-torsional buckling resistance of the steel part of composite girder in the erection stage. Comparison of lateral-torsional resistance of the steel girders with web openings derived by the analytical approach with results obtained by numerical model is presented and discussed.
Abstract
Vehicle manufacturing is an industry in which the technologies used by Industry 4.0 and their evolution can best be traced. Digitalization-robotization is paramount to the technical methods used in the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The question is how close a correlation between productivity and digitalization robotics in vehicle production is in the Member States of the European Union. I perform the relationship between the two variables by correlation calculation. Then I classify the member states according to the closeness of the relationship between the two variables using the method of hierarchical cluster analysis. Empirical results show a robust relationship, with the highest per capita production value in those Member States with the highest degree of digitalization-robotization in vehicle production. In conclusion, the countries in Central and Eastern Europe and the end of the productivity rankings need to increase the degree of digitalization of their vehicle production to increase their productivity and competitiveness.
Abstract
The work is devoted to study of thermal efficiency of heating convectors with aluminum ribbing to ensure comfortable indoor conditions. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate theoretically and experimentally the thermal efficiency of convector-type heaters with aluminum ribbing, to implement numerical simulation and to obtain dependencies for determination of thermal characteristics of convector-type heaters with aluminum ribbing, ensuring of a proper both indoor climate in the premise and energy saving. A nomogram of interdependence between heat amount, heat carrying medium flow rate, the initial and final temperatures was created. Heat quantity increases with increasing heat carrying medium flow rate, the inlet temperature and decreases with increasing of the exit temperature.
Abstract
With the gradual improvement of urban construction, more and more experts and the public realized that the speed of urban development be reasonable, which caused urban regeneration to turn to a new-minded “urban micro-regeneration”. “Micro-regeneration” is an extension of the concept to the direction of urban construction. The concept of micro-regeneration was first applied to the regeneration of individual buildings in the old city. The research on the intervention of public art in urban micro-regeneration is still in its infancy in China. Based on practice, this paper explores the possibility of public art's intervention in urban micro-regeneration.
Abstract
Dynamical modeling in water supply and treatment and wastewater treatment helps to understand the flow in the networks. Therefore, it is important to incorporate dynamic modeling into the design and assessment processes and operation for the future of urban drainage systems.
The aim of this paper was using a mathematical model to analyze the functionality of combined sewer networks during a precipitation event on 13 October 2020. The analysis was performed based on the results from the assessment of the hydraulic capacity of the sewer network using the MOUSE model in the MIKE URBAN software. This study results that the evaluated sewer network does not fulfill his purpose during heavy rainfall events.
Abstract
This paper represents a noise pollution survey in Durrës city, Albania. There are four survey areas defined: A (central), B (industrial), C (suburban), D (residential + beach) during two intervals times (morning and night).
The equipment used for noise measurement was Testo 816-1 where data were categorized according to levels L eq , L min, L max, and L ave . The contrast of L eq levels versus the standard levels based on the 2002/49/EC Directive showed that L eq levels overcome the limits.
In conclusion, the high equivalent noise level mostly has been during the morning with L eq > 55 dB, which brings serious health concerns to residents near these regions. At night in most of these stations, the equivalent noise levels resulted higher than 45 dB, which is above EU directive and Albanian standards. The survey results will also serve local institutions to manage the situation and to address problems at the governmental level.
Evolution and Cyclicality in Rural Tourism •
Experience of Tourism Development in the Inner-Őrség in the Light of Statistical Data
Fejlődés és ciklikusság a vidéki turizmusban •
A Belső-Őrség turizmusfejlődésének tapasztalatai a statisztikai adatok tükrében
Tourism is one of the fastest-growing economic sectors in the world, and any settlement that can harness and promote its potential can benefit from it. It is not only the prerogative of cities but can also make a significant contribution to the survival and development of smaller settlements.
The development of tourism in a given area is not a sudden, rapid process, but usually takes place over several decades, through cyclical phases. Our research is based on the different hypothetical models of the stages of tourism developed by Noronha (1977) and Butler (1980), the applicability of which was examined in rural areas through the example of the Inner-Őrség. Nowadays Őrség (Guard’s Country) is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Hungary, where the small settlements of the area have built on their natural, architectural and cultural assets and they have been able to exploit their potential by using the right marketing techniques. The villages of the Inner-Őrség have developed at different rates since their discovery as tourist destinations, and depending on their role in the settlement network, their accessibility and tourist values, the different phases of tourism development took place at different speeds in their territory. Therefore, the intensity and impact of tourism varies in each village despite the strong interaction between them.
In the present study, we seek to identify the trends and characteristics of the development of tourism in the examined area by using the results of the available statistical data, in order to obtain a more accurate picture of the role of tourism in the settlements concerned.
Abstract
Ancient city is an important carrier of urban historical landscape development, with the development of urbanization, the protection and development of ancient city landscape has become a hot topic. Taking Taierzhuang ancient city in Shandong province and Quanzhou ancient city in Fujian province as investigated examples. This paper discusses the different characteristics and problems of the derivation landscape reproduction and “airborne” landscape reproduction. It further discusses the necessity of historical landscape reproduction and the complexity of landscape reproduction.
Abstract
The task scheduling is to map and arrange the execution of tasks on resources to optimize one or more efficient criteria. This paper tries to provide an improved model for scheduling workflow tasks of the cloud, which simultaneously considers three aspects of optimizing: makespan time, resource utilization, and scheduling length ratio. The model combines the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm and the harmony search approach to achieve these goals. Harmony search algorithm attempts to perform a local search around the best solutions in each repetition of the algorithm to prevent it from getting stuck in the local optimal. The results on the four Cybershake, Epigenomics, Inspiral, and Montage datasets depict that the suggested algorithm is more efficient for all three criteria.
Abstract
Identification of online hate is the prime concern for natural language processing researchers; social media has augmented this menace by providing a virtual platform for online harassment. This study identifies online harassment using the trolling aggression and cyber-bullying dataset from shared tasks workshop. This work concentrates on extreme pre-processing and ensemble approach for model building; this study also considers the existing algorithms like the random forest, logistic regression, multinomial Naïve Bayes. Logistic regression proves to be more efficient with the highest accuracy of 57.91%. Ensemble bidirectional encoder representation from transformers showed promising results with 62% precision, which is better than most existing models.
Abstract
Timber is a widely used material in construction. The moisture content has a significant impact on the mechanical and physical properties of it. This paper studies how the moisture content values are directly connected to the climate conditions, especially temperature and relative humidity, by measuring these factors for a non-renovated historical timber roof for a one-year period, combined with meteorological data for Pécs since 1901. The fluctuation in moisture content values created instability in the water content of the structural elements due to absorption and release of water in order to reach the equivalent moisture content point. This process led to continuous volume increase-decrease of the timber, thus to formation of cracks, discoloration and harmful fungi development.
Abstract
The research simulates the precipitation-runoff process in an urbanized area. The Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, the Faculty of Civil Engineering, is chosen as the locality of interest. The construction of a mathematical model of the area of interest and the existing sewer network was used the storm-water management model software. The rain type was stimulated by the block type of rain and real precipitation events. The study results showed that some parts of the existing sewer network are overloaded already during a lower intensity rain event. Based on the results achieved in the future, it is considered with the proposal of measures for rainwater management.
Abstract
The comparison of Mono and Multi Repository structures is a highly debated topic in the software development field. Despite the choice of repository structure is the first main step in development; so far, this comparison has only been made on a small or local scale. Here, Mono and Multi Repository structures have been compared from different aspects using thousands of projects.
First, an algorithm shared for collecting and identifying Mono and Multi Repository projects and save them into the database. Database was used for making different comparisons for example the usage intensity of both structure types over time, the developer's preference over structure type based on their country and so on. Also, all these comparisons have been made according to the team size and development period for each repository structure.
Abstract
Two different tire configurations consisting of a dual tire and a super single wide tire having different range and distribution of contact pressures have been analyzed. Along with the effect of speed on development of pavement damage at speeds of 5, 50 and 80 km h−1 under zero and uniform wander modes. Results show that at super slow speeds of 5 km h−1, at dual wheel moving at zero wander mode, decrease in fatigue life of the pavement is 3.5 years, which is 1.45 times more than the dual wheel moving at uniform wander and 3.4 times more than wide tire moving at uniform wander mode. The difference between fatigue damage at different lateral wander modes is prominent at speeds greater than 50 km h−1. A wide tire performs better than the dual wheel under zero wander configurations.
Elmélet és gyakorlat kapcsolata •
Műegyetemi építészkari tervezési munkák az 1950-es évekből
The Relationship Between Theory and Practice •
Design Works of the Faculty of Architecture at the Budapest Technical University in the 1950s
Elmélet és gyakorlat kapcsolatát ezúttal az építészetoktatás történetén keresztül vizsgáljuk, azon belül is az 1950-es évek lehetőségeit oktatói, majd hallgatói szemszögből végignézve. Ez az időszak két okból lehet külön kutatás tárgya. Egyrészt mert az 1940-es, 1950-es évek fordulóján a magánirodákat a nagy állami tervezőintézetek váltották fel, és így a professzorok sem folytathattak a továbbiakban önálló tervezői tevékenységet az oktatás mellett, pedig nem sokkal korábban a kettő még fizikailag is szorosan összefonódott, hiszen az egyetemen belül működtethették irodáikat. A másik, ami miatt az 1950-es évek eleje érdeklődésre tarthat számot, az a szocialista realista stílusdiktátum megjelenése, amelyhez az oktatásban is alkalmazkodni kellett. A tervezést oktatók gyakorlati tapasztalatszerzésének fontosságát minden irányból elismerték, így hamarosan megoldást találtak a problémára: az építészkari tanszékek tervezői munkaközösségként kaptak meghívást nagyszabású tervpályázatokra, vagy közvetlen megbízással keresték meg őket. A tanulmány a Magyar Építőművészet folyóiratban ekkoriban publikált tanszéki munkákat veszi sorra és mutatja be rajtuk keresztül az aktuális építészeti tendenciákat, melyek a Műegyetemen is egyértelműen éreztették hatásukat. A továbbiakban a hallgatók lehetőségeivel foglalkozunk, hiszen az építészetoktatásban az elméleti tudás elsajátításán túl a gyakorlati ismeretek minél szélesebb körű bővítése is nagy jelentőséggel bír – a múltban és napjainkban egyaránt. A hallgatók is bekapcsolódhattak bizonyos tanszéki feladatokba, de tervpályázatokon is indulhattak, külön engedéllyel dolgozhattak, illetve mindegyikük számára kötelező volt 1951-től a nyári termelési gyakorlaton való részvétel. Egy-egy visszaemlékezés segítségével kitérünk arra is, hogy mennyire voltak elégedettek az oktatók és a hallgatók egyetemen kívüli feladataikkal – így személyes nézőpontokkal is kiegészülnek a levéltári és szakirodalmi források.
Abstract
The design of supported embankments on soft soil is a common challenge for civil engineers. This article aims to evaluate the performance of three advanced constitutive models for predicting the behavior of soft soils, i.e., hardening soil, hardening soil model with small-strain stiffness, and soft soil creep. A case study of a rigid inclusion-supported embankment is used for this purpose. Plaxis 3D program was adopted to predict the settlements in subsoil layers and vertical stresses in the load transfer platform. Comparison between field measurements and result of Plaxis 3D modeling was performed. Results demonstrate that soft soil creep model yields predictions in a good agreement with the field measurements, while hardening soil small strain model gives slightly worst predictions.
Abstract
This article discusses the topical issue of improving the distribution of air in the premise due to application of the all type rectangular air streams: flat, axisymmetric and rectangular ones. The purpose of the article is research of the all types rectangular air streams, analytical dependencies obtaining for determination of the air velocity attenuation coefficient, aerodynamic local resistance coefficient and noise level from the ratio of slit length to its height; optimization of the inflow slit side's ratio. It has been established that increase of the inflow slit sides ratio results in the air velocity attenuation coefficient decrease and results in increase of the noise level and resistance coefficient of the rectangular slit. The optimal ratio of the sides of a rectangular slit is determined by the combination of aerodynamics and energetics, as well as of the sound power level.
Abstract
This article presents an analytical and numerical assessment of load-bearing capacity of a beam-to-column joint. Two possibilities have been examined: a joint reinforced with a fastened haunch on the side of a compressed flange of a beam and a joint with no reinforcement. The load-bearing capacity and rotational stiffness of joint and has been calculated. Distribution of stresses and deformations in particular components of the joint has been determined. The results of analytical and numerical calculations have been compared, proving that the load-bearing capacity of the joint calculated on the basis of analytical approach provides safer results (for a reinforced and non-reinforced joint), and however in certain cases it may lead to oversizing of the connection.
Abstract
Wind generation is regarded by many as the future of renewable energy source, but the difficulty of recycling end-of-life wind turbine components could create another kind of environmental pollution. Either landfill or incineration of end-of-life wind turbine components will cause environmental hazards. However, the current recycling technology is immature and economical. Make clean energy ‘cleaner’! The recycling of end-of-life wind turbine rotor hub and blades has become a new goal and task for architects and designers. This article uses a real project reconstructed by end-of-life wind turbine components to demonstrate the positive role of spatial narrative in achieving low-carbon and sustainable design.
Abstract
The floodplains of the Tisza River, stretching across the eastern part of Hungary, are often affected by riverine and inland excess water flooding and draught. This paper investigates a possible solution to this problem utilizing the water retention capabilities of old floodplains. In this study, the effect of the position of the inlet structures of a floodplain, near Csongrád town, was examined with HEC-RAS 1D-2D coupled model. Based on the results, the rules of the deep floodplain selection were determined. On the extended model, the possibilities of a deep floodplain storage area chain have been explored. According to the estimate, more than 2.36 km3 potential storage capacity is available along the Hungarian section of the Tisza River.
Abstract
In order to develop and enhance the quality of life in Tunisian urban spaces, the integration of street furniture became a new challenge for urban designers to use new methods and techniques to combine functionality and aesthetics into their design. The main objective of this paper is to focus on the analysis of the street furniture user’s needs in urban spaces to understand and discuss the requirements that should be considered while designing.
