Discover the Latest Journals in Architecture and Architectonics
Architecture is both the process and product of planning, designing, and constructing a building or structure, while architectonics is the scientific study of architecture itself. Architectural works are often considered important cultural symbols and works of art, and we often identify past civilizations with their architectural heritage.
Architecture and Architectonics
Abstract
The European Union's (EU) future will be fundamentally determined by innovation-based competitiveness. The study examines what characterized the EU's innovation status as a whole and its member states between 2017 and 2024. For the situation analysis, the study examines the development of the Summary Innovation Index (SII) values describing the innovation status of the member states using the ARIMA model and K-means clustering. The study estimates the expected innovation status of the EU and its member states in the medium term using the Linear Trend Model. The results show that innovation is the least coordinated area of the EU cohesion policy, as there is a significant gap in the innovation status of the member states. In the case of the two extreme innovation values, the difference is four times greater. By this ratio, the average innovation development of the Scandinavian states is higher than the development level of some Eastern European member states. The extrapolation results show that the innovation gap will likely persist in the medium term despite continuous modernization.
Abstract
Car body panels are one of the vehicle components that support the existence of the car interior and maintain the safety of passengers, especially in monocoque-type car bodies. Car panel materials, which generally use steel materials, have the disadvantage of being relatively heavy and having a short service life due to corrosion. To achieve higher energy efficiency in energy-efficient vehicles, honeycomb sandwich structures made of polymer composites, which are lighter in weight, can achieve a higher power-to-weight ratio. In this research, a polymer matrix composite material with a honeycomb sandwich structure was created and tested as an alternative material to replace steel for car body panels. Composite made from WR-200 Fiberglass as a reinforcing agent and SHCP 2668 CM-M resin as a bonding agent to determine the effect of the detailed honeycomb sizing, especially on the flexural strength and stiffness characteristics, have been used. Several specimens were made with variations in cell-pitch sizes of 20 and 40 mm, variations in the cell-height size of 10, 20 and 40 mm and variations in the thickness of the cell wall thickness obtained from the use of layers of Fiberglass of one, two and four layers. From the bending tests performed on all specimens, it was known that the highest flexural strength value have the specimens with a cell-pitch size of 20 mm, cell height of 10 mm and cell wall thickness of 4 layers of Fiberglass, namely 36.13 N mm−2. The specimen has the highest stiffness value with a cell pitch of 40 mm, cell height of 40 mm and cell wall thickness of 4 layers of Fiberglass, which is 338 N mm−1.
Abstract
Applying Machine Learning (ML) has seen rapid progress in many disciplines, such as architectural design. Recent research reveals promising potential for integrating ML in solving design problems. This paper explored how ML can serve as a tool to guide designing action. It conducted thematic analyses of ML experiments in the architecture domain to build a framework addressing two key aspects: the tasks achieved and the required training dataset. The paper found that ML mainly performs design generation, optimization, and recognition via classification and clustering. Three scenarios of design generation using ML have started from pre-design requirements and constraints, conceptual design, or parametric design. ML can predict design features based on prescribed performance or calculate performance metrics, based on varied design options. Design recognition classifies or clusters designs to detect their styles, typologies, and morphologies, besides tracking the process of best practices. The specifications of training datasets vary in terms of data sources as real or virtual, techniques for representing datasets as visual or textual, and the relationships between input and output datasets as refinement, embodiment, sorting, or evaluation. The findings revealed that ML has a wide range of experimentation and opens more opportunities for further integration in the design process.
Abstract
Systems based on mobile multirobots have gained considerable attention in the past two decades because of their efficacy and flexibility in various real-world applications. An essential component of these systems is multi-robot task allocation (MRTA), which concerns allocating tasks to mobile robots in an efficient manner. The effectiveness of MRTA is influenced by the size of the search space and computational time, and both increase substantially as the number of tasks and robots involved increases. This study introduces an effective solution to the MRTA problem by employing a two-stage approach. First, nearby tasks are automatically grouped into clusters by using an enhanced dynamic distributed particle swarm optimization algorithm. Second, mobile robots are assigned to the closest clusters. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach. Simulations are conducted to compare the proposed method with particle swarm optimization and differential evolution approaches. Numerical results confirm that the proposed approach exhibits highly competitive performance in terms of clustering cost, clustering time, and overall time (clustering and assigning time). This approach is advantageous for real-world applications involving numerous robots and targets.
The Operation of the Local Sections of the Hungarian Association of Engineers and Architects Between the Two World Wars Through the Example of the Pécs Section
A Magyar Mérnök- és Építész-Egylet vidéki osztályainak működése a két világháború között a pécsi osztály példáján keresztül
The aim of the Hungarian Association of Engineers and Architects as a professional and interest association, which had been in operation since 1867, was to promote mutual acquaintance, exchange of ideas, discussion of conventions and professional issues, the creation of a library, the publication of journals and books, and the establishment of a provident fund. From the beginning of the 20th century, the Association sought to concentrate technical professionals from the countryside into local sections, hence preventing the establishment of independent countryside associations. During the Dual Monarchy (1867–1918), 16 sections in the countryside were set up, and 4 more between the two world wars. The one in Pécs had been operating since 1930. The study describes the functioning of local sections, their relationship with the parent association and analyses their membership. It traces the history of the Pécs Section from its establishment to its liquidation in 1946, covering the changes in the composition of membership, the tasks and work of the officers, and the activities of this section as well as its relation to the Association. Among such activities, historical sources, recorded lectures, debates, field trips, social dinners, soirees, and exhibitions. Most of the members of the Pécs Section were engineers, as in the parent association, who worked in various technical offices in the city, such as the Hungarian Railways (MÁV) offices and in the coal mines of the Danube Steamship Company (DGT). However, the architects were also very active in the life of the Pécs Section, organising lectures, debates and exhibitions. The most significant local event of the period between the two world wars was the association’s 1936 travelling assembly held in Pécs, and the 1941 field trip. Despite the late establishment of the Pécs Section it was the largest and one of the most active local sections of the Hungarian Association of Engineers and Architects.
Abstract
This paper examines a civil law legal institution, contractual freedom, from an economic perspective in connection with economic freedom. The paper investigates the following cases, as the economic freedom of a given national economy is measured in four main areas: the size of government, legal system and property rights, sound money, freedom to trade internationally and regulation of credit, labour markets and business life. In the Economic Freedom of the World 2022 Annual Report, Hungary ranked 55th in the global ranking with an overall score of 7.12, compared to 44th in 2000, with a score of 7.03. Neither the change in score nor the ranking is significant. However, the fact that the country has fallen further behind in this international ranking is not encouraging.
Abstract
The power can be taken from the ICE crankshaft is a function of the continuously changing adhesion coefficient between the tire and the road surface and the normal force of the wheel. In order to maximize vehicle dynamic performance, Torsen differentials were developed change the power transmission ratio between the wheels or axles depending on the tractive force can be transmitted. The Torsen T-2 differential having internal kinematic ratio i = −1, can be used both as a front and rear as well as a central differential. The torque ratio between the axles connected via Torsen T-2 differential is ensured by the high internal mechanical friction, can be derived from the axial tooth force component of the helical gear drive applied.
The aim of this study is to create a general mathematical model of the Torsen T-2 standard construction. Using this model enables to perform a detailed kinematic analysis of the operation of the entire mechanism. This model will be created by the motion of the gears since coordinate systems are ordered to each moving gears. Based on the Connection I statement the conjugated gear profiles of the gear pairs can be determined by mathematical and computational ways. After that, the CAD models of the gears can be created using 3D software for further finite element analysis. These CAD models are also required for computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) and CNC programming. We prove the usefulness of the model in the case of creating a concrete geometric facility produced by 3D printing.
A budapesti államszocialista kislakótelepek környezetének vizsgálata a 15 perces városmodell elvein keresztül
Examination of the State Socialist Housing Estates’ Environment in Budapest Through the Principles of the 15-Minute City Model
Az elmúlt évek városépítészeti hívószava a 15 perces város volt, melynek célja az újépítésű városrészek és a kortárs városrehabilitációk számára egy urbanisztikai keretrendszert, útmutatót nyújtani. Nemzetközi és hazai kutatások is vizsgálták már a kortárs lakóparkokat és az államszocialista nagylakótelepeket ezen keretrendszer alapján. Pont ezért a kutatás alaphalmaza a kislakótelepek lettek, melyek egyfelől a nagylakótelepekkel szemben / ellen / helyett valósultak meg, másfelől pedig a kapitalista lakóparkok előképeként szolgáltak az államszocialista időkből. Ezen kettőség mellett az 1945–1990 között épült budapesti kislakótelepek téri viszonyai egy eddig feldolgozatlan téma. Ám a több mint 100 db esettanulmánynak köszönhetően ez a vizsgálat lehetőséget teremt ezen lakhatási forma részletesebb megismerésére, és a 15 perces városmodell módszertanának kipróbálására, fejlesztésére. Vajon a kislakótelepek megfelelnek-e a 15 perces város keretrendszerének? Vagy a kislakótelepek környezete beleolvad Budapest nagy rendszerébe, s a városban betöltött lokáció (zóna) az, mely meghatározza a közvetlen szomszédság karakterét? Ezen kérdések megválaszolásához a 15 perces városmodell városépítészetileg releváns három elvén – közelség, sűrűség, diver-zitás – keresztül vizsgáltam Budapest összes 1945–1990 között épült kislakótelepének 15 perc sétálással elérhető környezetét hivatalos térképek segítségével. A kutatásban használt adatok leginkább az épített környezet leírására szűkülnek (pl. lakásszám, szintterületi mutató, beépítési mód), ám a tágabb kontextus (pl. lakosságszám, vásárlóerő) megjelenítése is realizálódik.
Abstract
The prosthetic feet available in the market are characterized by high costs and are made of carbon fiber materials, fiberglass, or silicone-coated wood. This study aims to design and manufacture a prosthetic foot to enhance biomechanical performance and user comfort and mimic the natural movement of the human foot; the foot will be designed and manufactured from low-cost materials, namely carbon fiber filaments, using 3D printer technology. The practical part consists of tensile, fatigue tests, and manufacturing the foot using a 3D printer. In this study, the ANSYS program will also analyze the designed model numerically to determine the stresses generated when applying the assumed body weight to the foot model. The results showed that the model is successful in terms of design and does not suffer any mechanical failure during use, in addition to the success of the selection of the material used in the manufacturing process due to its mechanical properties, where the yield stress value = 36.4 MPa, the ultimate stress value = 58.39 Mpa and Young's modulus = 1.23 GPa.
