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Arts and Humanities journals’ primary focus is on presenting theoretical and empirical research in these respective fields. The main goal is to encourage educational research and connect academia to the scientific community. Researchers and scholars need to share their research findings with others to help better understand and act on the ongoing social changes in the field. The Arts and Humanities journals aim to provide a platform for everyone who shares a common interest in these fields and to group all the latest field findings in one place.
Arts and Humanities
Abstract
Driven by the need to enhance the status of interpreting practice, scholars in recent decades have shown a growing interest in the professionalisation of interpreting practice. However, research on this topic remains fragmented and compartmentalised. Using the systematic literature review methodology, this paper presents a review of the topic. The objective is to identify and analyse the theoretical approaches and key aspects that underpin research on the professionalisation of interpreting practice. The review identified five theoretical approaches (trait, control, performative-organisational, expert-performance and boundary work), and four key aspects of professionalisation (status, certification, training, and organisational intervention). Despite the useful findings and discussions of the literature, the analysis found a lack of theoretical engagement, and an over-reliance on the traditional approaches of trait and control. Also noted is a failure to emphasise the uniqueness and complexity of the field of interpreting which is rooted in the notion of bilingualism/multilingualism, and therefore linked to the co-existence of professional and non-professional interpreters. The review rounds up with suggestions for future research and alternative theoretical frameworks.
Abstract
Samuel Rochotius (Rochotský), a Protestant living in Moravia and Hungary at the turn of the 17th century, was the owner of an interesting collection of books. Some of them have been identified by Hungarian researchers. Most of them are now stored in Hungarian memory institutions, but some are in Slovakia, in Bratislava (Pozsony), Banská Bystrica (Besztercebánya), Martin (Turócszentmárton) and Košice (Kassa). The aim of the study will be to identify the personality of Samuel Rochotius, to place him in the context of contemporary scholars, and to bring to light books from his collection that have not been mentioned by Hungarian scholars in their studies so far.
“Ego malo mihi vitrea, certe non olunt”
Square bottles with stamped base marks along the Pannonian limes
“Ego malo mihi vitrea, certe non olunt”
Hasábos testű palackok a pannoniai limes mentén
Abstract
This paper presents the spatial and temporal distribution of square bottles in Pannonia and their frequency on different settlement types. Although a full catalogue of the relevant finds has not been assembled yet, a wealth of data is nevertheless available on this glass type/form. Also described are several new base marks that have hitherto not been attested in the Roman Empire. It would appear that these mould-blown vessels appeared in Pannonia at the end of the first century, reaching the height of their popularity in the second century, while only a few vessels are known from the late Roman period. In terms of their distribution, the use of these bottles was particularly widespread along the limes, especially around military forts. However, they can also be found in the province's interior, particularly around Baláca. Several of the burial mounds excavated in Transdanubia also yielded vessels of this type. Their use in the province's interior seems to be slightly different, as they are often found in burials. In the settlements along the limes in the Danube Basin, however, they are more likely to have been used in military contexts or as military equipment and not deposited in burials.
Abstract
The paper analyzes some early theoretical works on psychology of language presented in the works of the trend setting historical linguist Zoltán Gombocz (1887–1935), Antal Klemm (1883–1963) a master of historical syntax, and Gyula Lux (1884–1957) a successful language education expert.
All three were representatives of classical mentalistic linguistics, and interpreted language as relevant for psychology, even if they emphasized change instead of structure. The paper presents the specific ideas of Klemm regarding the historical articulation of sentence structure along psychological and logical lines. Both Gombocz and Lux follow Wundt that we must draw evidence from gestural language for the origin of spoken language. Gombocz and Klemm deal with the possible mechanisms of word class formation. Klemm's reconstruction of word classes takes communication as a starting point. Initial communication is about an object given as a non-linguistic stimulus: [this thing] apple. The (psychological) subject is given, only the predicate is pronounced. This would be followed by combining two nominal words in a predicative way: wood-fire. Then the property words would appear, and finally the combination of object and property (apple-red).
Образ жінки у циклі новел Листи з Парижа та Отрывки писем из Парижа Марка Вовчка
The image of a woman in the cycle of novels Letters from Paris and Excerpts from Letters from Paris by Marko Vovchok
Марко Вовчок стала засновницею української феміністичної літератури. З одного боку, це пов’язано з ідеями жіночої емансипації, які широко обговорювалися в Західній Європі того часу, а з іншого – з життєвим досвідом письменниці. У цій статті ми розглянемо обидва питання, а також проаналізує-мо характерні риси типових жіночих образів у циклі оповідань Марка Вовчка Листи з Парижа та Отрывки писем из Парижа. Метою дослідження є довести тезу про присутність еволюції внутріш-нього світу жінки в цих образах.
Оповідання написані Марко Вовчок в епістолярному стилі. Вони відображають її думки, спосте-реження та враження від життя у французькій столиці. Авторка описує побут, мораль, проблеми та соціальні явища, характерні для різних груп тогочасного суспільства, іноді проводить паралелі між життям французів та українців. Через призму повсякденного життя письменниця торкаєть-ся таких глобальних тем, як соціальна нерівність і бідність, духовні цінності та мораль, проблеми буржуазного суспільства. Проте одним із головних мотивів оповідань є доля, роль і місце жінки в суспільстві.
З метою якомога точнішого змалювання характерів персонажів авторка застосовує низку засобів психологізації образів: детальний опис обставин, спостережень за поведінкою та реакціями героїв, реалістичне відтворення прямої мови, оповідь від першої особи, яку веде жінка-оповідач, тощо. Зазначені вище прийоми використовуються для глибокого розкриття як внутрішніх (емоційних), так і зовнішніх аспектів життя героїнь циклу оповідань, якими є жінки різних вікових груп та со-ціального статусу. А це, в свою чергу, дозволяє авторці привернути увагу читача до проблем жіночої емансипації – мотиву усієї творчості Марка Вовчка.
Існує кілька типових жіночих образів. Це образи дівчини, молодої жінки, пані та жінки похилого віку. Вони узагальнені, з притаманними для них проблемами, рисами характеру, життєвими обста-винами та принципами. У статті ми опишемо ці образи та проаналізуємо світогляд кожної з них.
Аналіз персонажів дозволяє зробити висновок, що жінка в романах Марка Вовчка є незалежною, розумною та відповідальною, і завдяки своїй силі духу здатна подолати будь-які життєві проблеми, щоб у зрілі роки передати свій досвід іншим. Сама авторка була вольовою жінкою і своїми творами хотіла привернути увагу до проблеми нерівноправного становища жінок у суспільстві та активно пропагувала ідею емансипації у своїх творах.
Római érmek és helyi adaptációik Délkelet-Ázsiából
Ismert tárgyak, új megjegyzések
Roman coins and their local adaptations from Southeast Asia: A critical overview with new interpretations
Absztrakt
A Délkelet-Ázsiában előkerült római leletekre a kutatás jellemzően rendkívül leegyszerűsítve csupán luxustárgyakként, esetleg egzotikumokként hivatkozik, a Római Birodalommal gyakran közvetlen kereskedelmi kapcsolatot rekonstruálva, akár egy-egy szórvány tárgy alapján is. Különösen igaz ez a római pénzekre, melyek mindössze rendkívül kis számban jutottak el az Indián túli régiókba, s általában kontextus nélküli szórványok, így tágabb összefüggések levonására nem alkalmasak. Annál nagyobb számban találhatók feltehetőleg helyben készült, római éremképek inspirálta arany- és óntárgyak, melyeket eltérő kivitelük ellenére is előszeretettel kevernek össze a római eredetikkel.
Jelen tanulmányban a néhány római pénz mellett ezek a Thaiföldön és Vietnámban előkerült éremadaptációk kerülnek bemutatásra, kitérve azok funkciójára és népszerűségük lehetséges okaira is.
Abstract
The present study investigates the expression of indefiniteness in two closely related Gallo-Italic local non-standardized languages spoken at the administrative borders of Emilia-Romagna (in Northern Italy): Ferrarese and Piacentino. A questionnaire with a forced-choice task was used to investigate the acceptability of four indefinite determiners (ZERO, ART, bare di, and di+ART) in negative sentences according to event type, noun type, and Clitic Left Dislocation with accusative and quantitative clitics. The data were analysed through Conditional Inference Trees and Random Forest models. The main results are that: (i) Piacentino, differently from Ferrarese, displays bare di in base position; (ii) Ferrarese makes a great use of di+ART and allows ZERO to a greater extent than Piacentino; (iii) both varieties allow resumption by the quantitative clitic with dislocated di+ART. The results are discussed in a comparative perspective with the neighbouring Italo-Romance varieties and Italian. In doing so, perspectives for future research are outlined.
Abstract
Four problems in Lucr. 6.9–23 are discussed: The paradosis possent in 11 is defended against Lachmann's posset, the humanist emendation corda instead of transmitted cordi is corroborated by referring to the context of the passage, and instead of Munro's sine ulla replacing the evidently corrupt querelis in 15 the palaeographically more plausible neque illis is proposed, restoring the beginning of 16 to the completion of the parenthesis pausa <es>t qu[]in fes[so]s cog<a>t saevire querelis, whereas the passive cog(e)i of Cippellarius, leaving the accusativus cum infinitivo without clear subject and object, is rejected.
Abstract
For centuries, Banská Štiavnica (Schemnitz, Selmecbánya) – like the mining towns of Lower Hungary – was a multicultural (predominantly German, Slovak and Hungarian) settlement, economic and commercial centre. The different cultures did not live in isolation, but crossed each other, creating ever-changing relationships, which can be explained by the constant exchange of inhabitants. The paper will examine how Slovak and Hungarian literary texts closely linked to the city reflect the mixing and interaction of cultures. Using transcultural perspectives and the conceptual framework of transcultural literary studies, it analyses not only contemporary but also 20th-century novels that pay particular attention to issues of identity, multilingualism and cultural permeation.
Part of the paper is focused on the local and cultural identity of the selected authors, because Banská Štiavnica as a specific place of the meeting of cultures is a defining chronotope, the birthplace or temporary home of many important novelists, poets and literary scholars, and the experiences associated with the town can often be found in their works. The lecture further focuses on anthroponyms in the novels under study, as it suggests that the hybridity of identity is also reflected in the protagonists' choice of names. By analyzing the novel's spaces, it characterizes forms of translocality. Travel is a defining and recurrent motif in the selected novels, so the lecture also addresses the issue of mobility: how displacement in space enables personality to keep moving, how identity is formed by the juxtaposition of the self and the stranger at the intersection of different cultures.
