Browse Our Latest Psychology and Behavioral Science Journals
Psychological journals are peer-reviewed, interdisciplinary journals that publish original work in some areas of psychology. The most common publications include cognitive, health and clinical psychology, applied, developmental, biological, social, experimental, and educational psychology, and psychoanalysis.
Behavioral Sciences
A Személyiségműködés Színvonala – Rövid Változat 2.0 kérdőív magyar változatának (LPFS-BF 2.0 H) pszichometriai jellemzői egyetemista mintán
Psychometric poperties of the Hungarian version of Level of Personality Functioning – Brief Form 2.0 (LPFS-BF 2.0 H)
ABSZTRAKT
Elméleti háttér: A DSM-5-ben szereplő Személyiségzavarok Alternatív Modellje a személyiségzavarok diagnosztikai kritériumait két főbb dimenzió mentén írja le: a személyiségműködés zavarainak jellege és mértéke („A” kritérium), valamint a patológiás személyiségjegyek mintázatának („B” kritérium) konfigurációjaként. Az előbbi kritérium értékeléséhez a Személyiségműködés Színvonala Skálát (Level of Personality Functioning Scale, LPFS) javasolják. A skála átdolgozott, rövidített változata korábbi eredmények alapján nemcsak a diagnosztikai munkában, de a kutatásban is hasznosnak és megbízhatónak bizonyult. Cél: Jelen vizsgálat célja, a Személyiségműködés Színvonala – Rövid Változat 2.0 kérdőív magyar változatának (LPFS-BF 2.0 H) kidolgozása és pszichometriai jellemzőinek meghatározása, valamint értékelése, egyetemista mintán. Módszerek: A kérdőív eredeti, és más nyelvi verzióinak validálási tapasztalataira alapozva, 530 személyből (379 nő és 151 férfi) álló mintán validáltuk a magyar nyelvi változatot. A LPFS-BF 2.0 H mellett, a személyiségzavarok diagnosztikájában ugyancsak használt Temperamentum és Karakter kérdőív – Rövid Változatból (TCI-55) kiválogatott 26 állítást használtuk fel, a három releváns karakterdimenzió mérésére. A maladaptív személyiségvonások felmérése céljából a DSM-5 Személyiségleltár Rövid Változatát (PID-5-BF) használtuk, míg a Közvetlen Kapcsolatok Élményei – Kapcsolati Struktúrák (ECR-RS) kérdőívvel a kötődési elkerülésre és szorongásra reflektáltunk, amelyek a szelf- és az interperszonális működés indikátoraiként funkcionáltak. Eredmények: A megerősítő faktorelemzések igazolták a kétfaktoros struktúrát a magyar mérőeszköz esetében is (χ 2 = 117,168; p < 0,001; CFI = 0,982; TLI = 0,977; RMSEA = 0,044; RMSEA 90% CI = 0,034–0,055), amelynek mind szerkezeti validitása, mind pedig belső megbízhatósága (Cronbach-α = 0,69–0,81) megfelelőnek bizonyult. Mindkét faktor szignifikáns, pozitív irányú kapcsolatot mutatott a diszfunkcionális személyiségműködés indikátoraival, legtöbb esetben a predikciókkal egyező mértékben és irányban. Következtetések: A LPFS-BF 2.0 H mind kutatási céllal, mind pedig szűrőeszközként alkalmazható, és így a pszichiáterek és klinikai szakpszichológusok eszköztárának hasznos részévé válhat.
Abstract
Background
Altered large-scale brain systems, including structural alterations and resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) changes, have been demonstrated as effective system-level biomarkers for revealing potential neural mechanism of multiple brain disorders. However, identifying consistent abnormalities of large-scale brain systems in behavioral addictions (BA) is challenging due to varying methods and inconsistent results. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the significantly abnormal large-scale brain systems in BA.
Method
PubMed, OVID Embase, OVID Medline, and Web of Science were searched with relevant keywords to identify potential studies. A total of 52 studies including 35 rs-FC studies and 17 structural studies were examined by extracting the coordinates of seeds and target brain regions. The seeds were then categorized into predefined seven networks by their locations based on previous parcellations in rs-FC studies, followed by pooling the results in those networks.
Results
The rs-FC findings illustrated that BA were characterized as abnormal networks in response to inhibition, salience attribution, self-referential mental process, and reward-driven behaviors. Meanwhile, meta-analysis of structural studies showed decreased gray matter volume in the anterior cingulate cortex, extending to the middle cingulate cortex and the superior frontal gyrus. Importantly, overlapping regions in the cingulate cortex and anterior thalamus projections extending to caudate regions exhibited both dysfunctions in structure and rs-FC.
Conclusions
This study highlighted substantial dysconnectivity in BA, which might result in impaired response to inhibition and salience attribution. Therefore, this study might provide novel insights of neural biomarkers for clinical diagnoses and treatment targets for BA.
Abstract
Background and aims
Concerned significant others (CSOs) can experience gambling-related harm, impacting their health and wellbeing. However, this harm varies depending on the type and closeness of the relationship with the person who gambles. We sought to determine the type and closeness of relationships that are more likely to experience harm from another person's gambling, and examine which aspects of health and wellbeing are related to this harm.
Methods
We examined survey data from 1,131 Australian adults who identified as being close to someone experiencing a gambling problem. The survey included information on relationship closeness, gambling-related harm (GHS-20-AO), and a broad range of health and wellbeing measures; including the Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI), the 12-item Short Form Survey (SF-12), and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule Short Form (PANAS-SF).
Results
CSOs in relationships where finances and responsibilities are shared were more likely to be harmed by another person's gambling problem, particularly partners (current and ex) and family members. This harm was most strongly associated with high levels of distress and negative emotions, impacting the CSO's ability to function properly at work or perform other responsibilities.
Discussion and Conclusions
Support and treatment services for CSOs should consider addressing the psychological distress and negative emotions commonly experienced by CSOs.
Abstract
Implicit cognitions may be involved in the development and maintenance of specific Internet use disorders such as problematic social network use (PSNU). In more detail, implicit attitude, attentional biases, approach and avoidance tendencies as well as semantic memory associations are considered relevant in the context of PSNU. This viewpoint article summarizes the available literature on implicit cognitions in PSNU. We systematically reviewed articles of implicit cognitions in PSNU from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest databases based on a targeted search strategy and assessed using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The present findings suggest that specific implicit cognitions are important in the context of PSNU and therefore show parallels to other addictive behaviors. However, the empirical evidence is limited to a few studies on this topic. Implicit cognitions in PSNU should be explored in more depth and in the context of other affective and cognitive mechanisms in future work.
Abstract
Background and aims
Increasingly, gambling features migrate into non-gambling platforms (e.g., online gaming) making gambling exposure and problems more likely. Therefore, exploring how to best treat gambling disorder (GD) remains important. Our aim was to review systematically and quantitatively synthesize the available evidence on psychological intervention for GD.
Methods
Records were identified through searches for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating psychological intervention for GD via six academic databases without date restrictions until February 3, 2023. Study quality was assessed with the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB2). Primary outcomes were GD symptom severity and remission of GD, summarized as Hedges' g and odds ratios, respectively. The study was preregistered in PROSPERO (#CRD42021284550).
Results
Of 5,541 records, 29 RCTs (3,083 participants analyzed) were included for meta-analysis of the primary outcomes. The efficacy of psychological intervention across modality, format and mode of delivery corresponded to a medium effect on gambling severity (g = −0.71) and a small effect on remission (OR = 0.47). Generally, risk of bias was high, particularly amongst early face-to-face interventions studies.
Discussion and conclusions
The results indicate that psychological intervention is efficacious in treating GD, with face-to-face delivered intervention producing the largest effects and with strongest evidence for cognitive behavioral therapy. Much remains to be known about the long-term effects, and investigating a broader range of treatment modalities and digital interventions is a priority if we are to improve clinical practice for this heterogeneous patient group.
Abstract
Background and aims
Compulsive buying-shopping disorder (CBSD) is mentioned as an example of other specified impulse control disorders in the ICD-11 coding tool, highlighting its clinical relevance and need for treatment. The aim of the present work was to provide a systematic update on treatment studies for CBSD, with a particular focus on online CBSD.
Method
The preregistered systematic review (PROSPERO, CRD42021257379) was performed in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 statement. A literature search was conducted using the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and PsycInfo databases. Original research published between January 2000 and December 2022 was included. Risk of reporting bias was evaluated with the CONSORT guideline for randomized controlled trials. Effect sizes for primary CBSD outcomes were calculated.
Results
Thirteen studies were included (psychotherapy: 2 open, 4 waitlist control design; medication: 2 open, 3 placebo-controlled, 2 open-label phase followed by a double-blind discontinuation phase; participants treatment/control 349/149). None of the studies addressed online CBSD. Psychotherapy studies suggest that group cognitive-behavioral therapy is effective in reducing CBSD symptoms. Pharmacological studies with selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors or topiramate did not indicate superiority over placebo. Predictors of treatment outcome were rarely examined, mechanisms of change were not studied at all. Risk of reporting bias was high in most studies.
Discussion
Poor methodological and low quality of reporting of included studies reduce the reliability of conclusions. There is a lack of studies targeting online CBSD. More high-quality treatment research is needed with more emphasis on the CBSD subtype and mechanisms of change.
Abstract
Background and aims
Hypersexual disorder is characterized by recurrent and intense sexual fantasies, sexual urges, or sexual behaviors that can lead to clinically relevant levels of distress and adverse consequences for affected individuals. Earlier research has established a connection between sexual phenomena, such as compulsive sexual behavior, and personality features. The aim of the present study was to gain further insights into the associations of personality maladjustment and HD.
Methods
The present study applied the dimensional approach of personality maladjustment presented in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) to connect compulsive sexual behavior to personality maladjustment. We investigated 47 men suffering from HD (age: M = 36.51, SD = 11.47) and 38 matched men without HD (age: M = 37.92, SD = 12.33) regarding personality maladjustment using a 100-item version of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5-BF).
Results
The men with HD showed higher levels of personality maladjustment regarding all PID-5-BF domains (negative affect, detachment, psychoticism, antagonism, and disinhibition) and significantly differentiated from men without HD in the level of subordinate facets. However, no domain of personality differentiated significantly between groups using a binary stepwise logistic regression analysis.
Discussion and conclusions
In sum, the findings of the study underline the extent of personality maladjustment in men with HD. Interpersonal difficulties which men with HD frequently experience can contribute to clinically relevant levels of distress and adverse consequences reported by affected individuals.
Abstract
While applying a diagnostic approach (i.e., comparing “clinical” cases with “healthy” controls) is part of our methodological habits as researchers and clinicians, this approach has been particularly criticized in the behavioral addictions research field, in which a lot of studies are conducted on “emerging” conditions. Here we exemplify the pitfalls of using a cut-off-based approach in the context of binge-watching (i.e., watching multiple episodes of series back-to-back) by demonstrating that no reliable cut-off scores could be determined with a widely used assessment instrument measuring binge-watching.
A vizuális tulajdonságok mentén kiugró ingerek hatása az inger- és célvezérelt figyelmi folyamatokra: szisztematikus áttekintés
The effect of visually salient stimuli on stimulus-driven and goal-driven attentional processes: a systematic review
Háttér és célkitűzések
A figyelmi megragadás ingervezérelt és célvezérelt folyamatok által szabályozott működése a mai napig számos kérdést vet fel. A kiugró ingerek szerepe a figyelmi mechanizmusokban egyértelműen fontos, de továbbra is vitatott jelenség, az ingervezérelt és célvezérelt figyelmi mechanizmusok működéséről ellentmondásos elméletek és eredmények születtek az elmúlt évtizedekben. Szisztematikus áttekintő tanulmányunk célja a témában megjelenő kutatási eredmények rendszerezése és áttekintése, illetve az eredmények alapján a figyelmi folyamatokkal kapcsolatos megfelelő következtetések levonása.
Módszer
Kutatásunk során az APA PsycNet keresőprogram segítségével 14 angol nyelvű cikket gyűjtöttünk össze, melyek 33 vizsgálatot tartalmaztak. Az alábbi feltételek számítottak bekerülési kritériumnak: (1) tudományos (lektorált) folyóiratcikk, (2) empirikus tanulmány (nem áttekintés vagy metaanalízis), (3) fiatal felnőtt (18–30 éves) humán minta, (4) átlagos, egészséges minta, (5) a vizsgálatok viselkedéses és/vagy pszichofiziológiás adatokat közöltek a témában.
Eredmények
A szisztematikus áttekintő tanulmányunk eredményei szerint a figyelmi folyamatok alakulásában számos tényező mediálhatja az ingervezérelt és célvezérelt folyamatok interakcióját, mint például a kiugró ingerek színe, a bemutatásuk ideje és helye, a célingerrel egy időben megjelenő zavaró ingerek száma.
Következtetések
A célvezérelt figyelmi kontroll megvalósulása ugyan lehetséges, de számos feltételnek teljesülnie kell hozzá. Ha az egyszerre bemutatott ingerek száma meghaladja a négyet, illetve a célingerrel megegyező színű, vagy ahhoz hasonló zavaró inger is megjelenik a keresési mezőben, az ingervezérelt folyamatok gátlása nem lehetséges.
Abstract
Background and aims
The present study investigated processing bias for game-related cues in problematic mobile gamers (PMGs) under or above the threshold of conscious awareness.
Methods
In Experiment 1, all participants (20 PMGs and 23 casual players (CPs)) finished a masked visual probe task during a brief (17ms) masked exposure condition. In Experiment 2, an unmasked visual probe task was conducted by an additional forty participants (20 PMGs and 20 CPs) at two exposure durations (200 and 500ms).
Results
Results showed that PMGs, but not CPs, had an attentional bias for game-related cues which had been presented with two exposure durations (17 and 200ms).
Discussion and conclusion
In conclusion, the present study provides evidence that bias in PMGs could be observed both preconsciously and consciously. The results are discussed with reference to incentive sensitization theory and automatic action schema theory.
