Browse Our Latest Psychology and Behavioral Science Journals
Psychological journals are peer-reviewed, interdisciplinary journals that publish original work in some areas of psychology. The most common publications include cognitive, health and clinical psychology, applied, developmental, biological, social, experimental, and educational psychology, and psychoanalysis.
Behavioral Sciences
Evolúciós pszichológia: Miért és hogyan tanítjuk?
Evolutionary Psychology: Why and How Do We Teach It?
Az evolúciós pszichológia (EP) a viselkedéstudományoknak az emberi viselkedés evolúciós gyökereire fókuszáló ága. Képviselői abból indulnak ki, hogy az ember pszichológiai (kognitív, affektív, társas stb.) működése alaposabban megérthető, ha figyelembe vesszük, hogy az egyes pszichológiai vonások milyen szelekciós előnyt jelenthettek az ember evolúciója során. Számos tudományos irányzatot szintetizál, így például felhasználja a kognitív pszichológia, a genetika, az etológia, az antropológia, a viselkedésökológia és a szociobiológia megközelítésmódját és eredményeit. A Pécsi Tudományegyetemen a pszichológusképzés indítása óta, azaz 30 éve oktatunk evolúciós tárgyakat. A bolognai képzési rendszer bevezetése óta mindhárom képzési szinten (BA, MA, PhD) vannak evolúciós kurzusok. Ebben az írásban összefoglaljuk, hogy milyen meggyőződésből és szakmai háttérből kiindulva oktatunk evolúciós kurzusokat Pécsett, és bemutatunk néhány általunk alkalmazott oktatási módszert, amely sikeresnek bizonyult az elmúlt években. Így beszélni fogunk az evolúciós vitafórumokról, a Facebook-profil-gyakorlatról és a filmrészletek elemzéséről. Összegzésként kiemeljük, hogy az evolúciós kurzusok milyen fontos szerepet töltenek be a pszichológusképzésben azáltal, hogy a hallgatók szerteágazó stúdiumainak integrálására alkalmas elméleti keretet nyújtanak.
Abstract
Background and aims
Play-to-earn (P2E) gaming is a newly emerging form of gaming increasingly based on blockchain technology. In this paper, we examine the mechanics and business model of these games and their potential benefits and risks for players.
Methods
The paper draws upon and critically synthesises the developing published literature on predatory monetization in gaming as well as objective market data drawn from credible online sources.
Results
P2E gaming blurs the boundaries between gaming and trading and may not yield many of the benefits promoted to consumers or otherwise conveyed through marketing and social media messaging. Particular risks include the deflationary nature of reward currencies and the asymmetric reward structures that heavily favour early investors and exploit late adopters.
Discussion and conclusions
This paper highlights the need for greater consumer awareness of the mechanics and risks of these new gaming models. It will be important for business models to be more transparent and designed so as to encourage more equitable game outcomes, sustainable returns, a balance between intrinsic and extrinsic rewards, and protection for potentially vulnerable players.
Abstract
Background and aims
This systematic review examines whether sports betting behaviors differ among and between sports bettors in different countries, evaluates psychosocial problems related to sports betting behaviors and how problems may vary by country, and lastly, summarizes the current regulatory guidelines for sports betting.
Methods
We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and included peer-reviewed articles from PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO. Studies on sports betting behavior were included if they were published in English or Chinese between January 1, 2010 and March 28th, 2022. We gathered regulatory information from peer-reviewed articles, legal acts, and relevant websites. Of 2,450 articles screened, 65 were included in the final review.
Results
Marketing and promotion of sports betting were more prominent for sports betting in Australia and the United Kingdom. Interviews with sports bettors demonstrated that sports betting is persuasive and normalized. Psychosocial problems do not appear to differ greatly by country, and sports betting appears to be associated with elevated levels of problem gambling. Responsible gambling approaches have helped address risky sports betting behaviors. China and South Korea have imposed more strict regulations and restrictions on sports betting access in comparison to countries such as Australia or the United States.
Discussion and conclusions
Currently, sports betting is easy to access, normalized, and contains many attractive features for sports bettors. Psychoeducation about potential risks of sports betting and encouragement of responsible gambling strategies could help lessen risky sports-betting behaviors, though cross-cultural adaptations should be explored.
Abstract
Background and aims
Little data exist on exploring the subgroups and characteristics of problematic pornography use (PPU) in help-seeking adolescents. The aims of the study were to classify the subgroups among help-seeking male adolescents, explore their similarities and differences, and uncover their core symptoms.
Methods
A total of 3,468 Chinese male adolescents (M age = 16.64 years, SD = 1.24) who were distressed about their pornography use were recruited. The Problematic Pornography Consumption Scale, the Brief Pornography Screen Scale, and Moral Disapproval of Pornography Use were used to classify them. The General Health Questionnaire, the Pornography Craving Questionnaire, and the Sexual Compulsivity Scale were used to investigate participants' negative consequence related to their pornography use; and the Online Sexual Activity Questionnaire (OSAs) and time spent on pornography use every week were considered as quantitative indicators.
Results
Help-seeking male adolescents could be divided into 3 profiles, namely, self-perceived problematic (SP, n = 755), impaired control (IC, n = 1,656), and problematic use groups (PPU, n = 1,057). Frequency of OSAs was important for the identification of SP individuals, while negative consequences were more effective in identifying individuals with objective dysregulated behavior. Salience and mood modification were shared by all groups; however, in addition to this, the SP and PPU groups also showed withdrawal symptoms.
Discussion and conclusion
This study's results provide support for the presence of different profiles of help-seeking individuals and information on potential intervention targets among adolescents which is lacking in the literature.
Abstract
Background and aims
Sex differences in internet gaming disorder (IGD) remain unknown. Investigating sex-specific neural features that underlie the core risk factor (i.e., risk-taking) of IGD would help in understanding sex-specific vulnerabilities to IGD and advance sex-specific treatments and prevention for IGD.
Methods
111 participants (28 IGD males, 27 IGD females, 26 recreational game user (RGU) males, 30 RGU females) completed a probability discounting task during fMRI scanning.
Results
First, among RGUs, males showed a higher risk-taking tendency and greater neural activation associated with risk/value evaluation for reward (the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), left putamen) and smaller activation associated with cognitive control (the inferior frontal gyrus) than females during the contrast of risky-safe choices. Moreover, males showed a greater modulatory effect of risky choices on the connection from the vmPFC/ACC to the left putamen than females. Second, IGD males showed decreased activation in the vmPFC/ACC and left putamen compared to RGU males, whereas this decrease did not exist in IGD females.
Discussion
Males show a higher risk-taking tendency than females. Altered neural substrates associated with risky decision-making exist in IGD males but not in IGD females.
Conclusions
The present findings fill the gap in information on the behavioral and neural substrates underlying IGD among females and demonstrate that a high risk-taking tendency is a risk factor and core symptom only in IGD males but not in IGD females. It is necessary to design and adopt distinct treatments and prevention strategies for IGD in males and females.
Abstract
Background
Ayahuasca's psychological and subjective effects were compared in rituals of two neoshamanic groups in Uruguay.
Aims
Compare, describe and analyze psychological effects and subjective experiences of ayahuasca ceremonies in two different groups: a psychospiritual holistic center, and a center specialized in substance use disorder's treatment.
Methods
A mixed qualitative-quantitative study was conducted, using the Hallucinogen Rating Scale for measuring psychological effects, and in-depth interviews for the description of ayahuasca subjective experiences. Data from both techniques were compared, analyzing convergences and differences.
Results
When comparing the two neoshamanic groups, significant differences with a medium-size effect were found in the psychological variables Affect (r = 0.47), Cognition (r = 0.36) and Perception (r = 0.36). The qualitative descriptions of ayahuasca experiences in the group with higher scores in those variables showed more frequent and complex experiences of emotional, cognitive, and perceptive content. Dissimilar results were found when comparing Intensity and Somaesthetic domains, with no significant results in the quantitative part, while in the qualitative part intensity was reported as “soft” in one group, and corporal experiences (e.g., purging effects) were especially manifested.
Conclusions
Stronger subjective experiences and higher psychological effects may be related to differences in the dosage and the setting of the centers. Emotional, cognitive, and perceptive psychological effects of ayahuasca rituals measured by the Hallucinogen Rating Scale, seem to be associated with more frequent and complex subjective experiences in the mentioned domains. Qualitative group differences in corporal alterations and the overall intensity of the experience differed from non-significant results of the quantitative part of the study.
Abstract
Background and aims
Object attachment is the emotional bond or connection that we have with possessions. Although thought to be ubiquitous, when excessive, object attachment is presumed to contribute to compulsive buying and hoarding problems. Unfortunately, our understanding of this relationship has been limited by the constraints of existing object attachment measures. In this paper, we developed and validated a new self-report questionnaire, called the Object Attachment Security Measure (OASM).
Methods
We developed an item pool based on previous measures and consultation with 24 experts in the field. After piloting, we administered this measure to a large sample (Final N = 365), along with self-report measures of hoarding, compulsive buying, and previous object attachment measures.
Results
We found that the OASM distinguished between secure and insecure object attachment. Both subscales showed excellent internal consistency and test-retest reliability over a two-week period. Additionally, they demonstrated excellent convergent and divergent validity, and criterion validity with measures of hoarding and compulsive buying symptoms. We also found that insecure, but not secure object attachment, was uniquely related to hoarding and compulsive buying symptomology.
Discussion and conclusion
Our findings extend theoretical models, highlighting the role of insecure object attachment. Future research in both clinical and consumer behaviour fields should utilise the OASM, as reducing insecure object attachment and potentially encouraging secure object attachment could decrease maladaptive possession use and increase sustainable consumption.
Nemi, demográfiai és nemi egalitarianizmussal kapcsolatos vélekedés szerinti sajátosságok a hosszú távra szóló párválasztással kapcsolatos attitűdökben
Correlates of gender, demographics and gender-egalitarianism in the attitudes towards long-term partner choice
Háttér és célkitűzések
A kutatás céljának azt tűztük ki, hogy rámutasson a nemi, demográfiai és egyenlőségelvűséggel kapcsolatos vélekedés szerinti sajátosságokra a hosszú távra szóló párválasztási preferenciákkal kapcsolatos attitűdökben. Kérdéseinket a hagyományos és modern párválasztási preferenciákat magyarázni képes vonatkozó szociálpszichológiai elméletek alapján fogalmaztuk meg. Általánosságban azt vártuk, hogy a mintában a férfiakkal és nőkkel szembeni preferenciák hordoznak modern, de hordoznak hagyományos tartalmakat is. A nőktől, a fiatalabbaktól, az iskolázottabbaktól és a nemek szerepéről inkább egyenlőségelvűen gondolkozóktól azt vártuk, hogy preferenciáikban erősebben tükröződnek modern, mint hagyományos tartalmak.
Módszer
A mintavétel kényelmi alapon történt. A vizsgálati személyek (N = 534, férfi: 139, nő: 395) online kérdőívet töltöttek ki, amely demográfiai kérdőívből, hosszú távra szóló párkapcsolati választáskor a férfiaktól és nőktől elvárt tulajdonságok értékeléséből és a Beere-féle nemiszerep-egyenlőség kérdőívből állt.
Eredmények
Mindkét nem véleménye szerint és mindkét nemmel kapcsolatban a hosszú távú bizalmi kapcsolatban való jó partnerség szempontjából lényeges társas tulajdonságok, mint a megbízhatóság és az őszinteség a legfontosabbak. A preferenciák függetlenek maradtak a többi vizsgált változótól, és a nagyobb tulajdonságcsoportok fontossági sorrendje állandónak bizonyult (nőknél: jó partner nő, házias nő, emancipált nő; férfiaknál: jó partner férfi, férfias férfi, vonzó férfi, házias férfi).
Következtetések
A férfiak és nők véleménye hasonló azzal kapcsolatban, hogy a jó hosszú távú párkapcsolathoz elsősorban a jó partnerséghez kötődő tulajdonságok a legfontosabbak, függetlenül attól, hogy férfiról vagy nőről van szó. A preferenciák állandónak nevezhetők, az elvárások sorrendjét a kitöltő neme, az életkora, az egyenlőségelvűséggel kapcsolatos vélekedései, az iskolázottság és a vallásosság nem árnyalja, bár finom hangsúlybeli eltérések a nevezett változók tekintetében azonosíthatók.
