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Mathematics and statistics journals publish papers on the theory and application of mathematics, statistics, and probability. Most mathematics journals have a broad scope that encompasses most mathematical fields. These commonly include logic and foundations, algebra and number theory, analysis (including differential equations, functional analysis and operator theory), geometry, topology, combinatorics, probability and statistics, numerical analysis and computation theory, mathematical physics, etc.

Mathematics and Statistics

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In this paper we introduce the concept of the Hamilton triangle of a given triangle in an isotropic plane and investigate a number of important properties of this concept. We prove that the Hamilton triangle is homological with the observed triangle and with its contact and complementary triangles. We also consider some interesting statements about the relationships between the Hamilton triangle and some other significant elements of the triangle, like e.g. the Euler and the Feuerbach line, the Steiner ellipse and the tangential triangle.

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We prove certain Menon-type identities associated with the subsets of the set {1, 2,..., n} and related to the functions f, fk , Ф and Ф k , defined and investigated by Nathanson.

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Generalizing results of Schatte [11] and Atlagh and Weber [2], in this paper we give conditions for a sequence of random variables to satisfy the almost sure central limit theorem along a given sequence of integers.

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In the 1980’s the author proved lower bounds for the mean value of the modulus of the error term of the prime number theorem and other important number theoretic functions whose oscillation is in connection with the zeros of the Riemann zeta function. In the present work a general theorem is shown in a simple way which gives a lower bound for the mentioned mean value as a function of a hypothetical pole of the Mellin transform of the function. The conditions are amply satisfied for the Riemann zeta function. In such a way the results recover the earlier ones (even in a slightly sharper form). The obtained estimates are often optimal apart from a constant factor, at least under reasonable conditions as the Riemann Hypothesis. This is the case, in particular, for the error term of the prime number theorem.

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In this paper we establish some Ostrowski type inequalities for double integral mean of absolutely continuous functions. An application for special means is given as well.

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We prove the weak consistency of the trimmed least square estimator of the covariance parameter of an AR(1) process with stable errors.

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The ultrapower T* of an arbitrary ordered set T is introduced as an infinitesimal extension of T. It is obtained as the set of equivalence classes of the sequences in T, where the corresponding relation is generated by a free ultrafilter on the set of natural numbers. It is established that T* always satisfies Cantor’s property, while one can give the necessary and sufficient conditions for T so that T* would be complete or it would fulfill the open completeness property, respectively. Namely, the density of the original set determines the open completeness of the extension, while independently, the completeness of T* is determined by the cardinality of T.

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We prove a theorem on the preservation of inequalities between functions of a special form after differentiation on an ellipse. In particular, we obtain generalizations of the Duffin–Schaeffer inequality and the Vidensky inequality for the first and second derivatives of algebraic polynomials to an ellipse.

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In this paper we work out a Riemann–von Mangoldt type formula for the summatory function ψ x := g G , g x Λ G g , where G is an arithmetical semigroup (a Beurling generalized system of integers) and Λ G is the corresponding von Mangoldt function attaining l o g p   f o r   g   = p k with a prime element p G and zero otherwise. On the way towards this formula, we prove explicit estimates on the Beurling zeta function ζ G , belonging to G , to the number of zeroes of ζ G in various regions, in particular within the critical strip where the analytic continuation exists, and to the magnitude of the logarithmic derivative of ζ G , under the sole additional assumption that Knopfmacher’s Axiom A is satisfied. We also construct a technically useful broken line contour to which the technic of integral transformation can be well applied. The whole work serves as a first step towards a further study of the distribution of zeros of the Beurling zeta function, providing appropriate zero density and zero clustering estimates, to be presented in the continuation of this paper.

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A congruence is defined for a matroid. This leads to suitable versions of the algebraic isomorphism theorems for matroids. As an application of the congruence theory for matroids, a version of Birkhoff’s Theorem for matroids is given which shows that every nontrivial matroid is a subdirect product of subdirectly irreducible matroids.

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