Browse our Medical Journals - AKJournals
Among all scientific traditions alive, medical publishing has a good chance to be the oldest. The first fully peer reviewed academic journal, “Medical Essays and Observations” was launched in 1731 by the Royal Society in Edinburgh. Since then, hundreds of medical journals have been published worldwide. Medical publication in Hungary started in 1857 when the famous physician, Markusovszky founded “Orvosi Hetilap”, which has been published since then every week (with short breaks during the world wars). It is now a most prestigious piece in AKJournals’ portfolio, listed in Journal Citation Reports, with a remarkable impact factor.
Medical and Health Sciences
Abstract
Infections caused by colistin resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae are a major global health challenge linked to high mortality rates worldwide. Increased incidence of hypervirulent and drug-resistant Klebsiella causing life-threatening infections in young healthy individuals and asymptomatic carriage in the community has been largely reported in the Asian-Pacific Rim. This study conducted a molecular analysis of two morphologically distinct variants of K. pneumoniae that caused bacteremia and sepsis in a patient. Colony morphology of the isolates was characterized in various growth media, and the morphological variants differed in their mucoviscosity. The isolates were found to be serotype K2 (highly associated with hypervirulent Klebsiella) by molecular serotyping using specific PCR primers. The multidrug-resistant nature of the colony variants was evaluated by antibiotic susceptibility testing and it was found to have a similar antibiogram pattern in in vitro. An increased minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of colistin (>64 μg mL−1) was detected in both isolates using broth microdilution, and they were found to be highly resistant to colistin. Molecular analysis revealed that the isolates possessed a chromosomal mutation in mgrB, which causes colistin resistance. The increased incidence of infection caused by colistin-resistant K. pneumoniae requires continuous monitoring, and appropriate measures are necessary to control its adaptive evolution in healthcare settings.
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the performance of modified rapid antimicrobial susceptibility test (mRAST) with 150 mm Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) plates which was earlier standardized for 90 mm MHA by EUCAST. Blood culture bottles spiked with ATCC quality control strains were prepared. For quality control Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 strains were used. By calculating and proportioning the surface areas of the plates comparing with 90 mm plates, 350 ± 50 µL undiluted blood culture samples were inoculated in 150 mm MHA, and 12 disks were placed. This process was repeated independently for three days and three times on each day for reproducibility. The mRAST test was performed on 50 samples with positive signals and gram-negative bacilli on Gram-stained samples (20 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 15 E. coli, 10 Acinetobacter baumannii, and five P. aeruginosa).
Comparison of 90 mm MHA and 150 mm MHA showed that the categorical agreement of ATCC strains and 50 gram negative isolates was 100% and >95%, respectively, for all antibiotics. For K. pneumoniae, only 0.4 major error (ME) was detected at 4 h. For E. coli, 3.2, 1.6, and 1.5 ME were detected at 4, 8, and 20 h, respectively, whereas 1.6 very major error (VME) was detected at 4 h and 1.0 VME was detected at both 8, and 20 h, respectively. No errors were detected for P. aeruginosa or A. baumannii.
These results indicated that 350 ± 50 µL of undiluted blood culture in 150 mm MHA was suitable for the mRAST test in vitro.
Az anémia és a COVID–19-megbetegedés prevalenciája 2020–2022 között a Pécsi Tudományegyetem Sürgősségi Betegellátó Osztályán
The prevalence of anemia and COVID-19 disease between 2020 and 2022 at the Emergency Department of the University of Pécs
Bevezető
2021-ben az anémia a világ népességének 24,3%-át érintette. Irodalmi adatok szerint az anémia súlyosbíthatja a fertőzések lefolyását, és felvetődik, hogy az anémiás állapot fokozhatja a fertőzésekre való fogékonyságot. A COVID–19-pandémia lehetővé tette ezen hipotézis vizsgálatát.
Célkitűzés
Retrospektív vizsgálatunk célja az anémia és a COVID–19-betegség előfordulásának vizsgálata sürgősségi ellátást igénylő járóbetegek között.
Módszer
2020 és 2022 között a Pécsi Tudományegyetem – Klinikai Központ, Sürgősségi Orvostani Tanszék, Sürgősségi Osztályára felvett járóbetegek demográfiai és vérkép adatait elemeztük. A tanulmányba 62 924 esetet vontunk be. 4367 esetben volt elérhető a korábbi vérkép eredmény is. Az eseteket korcsoportonként, nemenként és diagnóziscsoportonként elemeztük.
Eredmények
A betegek átlag életkora 60,28 ± 20,04 (SD) év volt. 10 552 esetben volt klinikailag igazolható a COVID–19-betegség. 14 129 esetben találtunk anémiát. A klinikailag diagnosztizált COVID–19-betegek között az anémia előfordulása 6,33%-kal magasabb volt. Az anémiás betegek között a COVID–19-megbetegedés előfordulása magasabb volt, mint a nem anémiás betegek csoportjában összességében, minden korcsoportban és minden évben. A felvételkor anémiás betegek között a COVID–19-betegség nagyobb eséllyel fordult elő (odds ratio – OR: 1,409). Jelentősen magasabb esélyt jelentett a COVID–19-betegség szempontjából a korábban igazolható és felvételkor is fennálló anémiás állapot (OR: 2,420), különösen az 50–65 év közötti betegek csoportjában (OR: 4,816).
Következtetések
Az anémiás állapot oki kezelése jelentősen javíthatja a betegek életminőségét, csökkentheti fertőzésekre való fogékonyságot és a fertőző betegségekben szenvedők rosszabb klinikai kimenetelének kockázatát. Az anémia kezelése a betegellátás során a jelenleginél nagyobb figyelmet érdemel.
Entity and environment relationships in psychedelic experiences resulting from inhalation of N,N-dimethyltryptamine
DMT entities and their environments
Abstract
Aim
Gaining a more detailed understanding of the patterns of relationship of the content of psychedelic experiences can help build a deeper understanding of the nature of consciousness and assist in navigating those extraordinary experiences for therapeutic, spiritual, exploratory and creative purposes. To help achieve this goal, this study examines the patterns of relationship between Entities and Environments found in narratives of complex psychedelic experiences resulting from smoking N,N-dimethyltryptamine.
Methods
The narrative accounts examined in this study were drawn from a variety of online sites and were analyzed in order to examine the patterns of relationships between different types of Entities and Environments encountered during psychedelic experiences resulting from inhalation of N,N-dimethyltryptamine. In this study different types of Entities were identified and charted in relation to the frequency of the different Environments they appeared within.
Results
Some consistency was found in encounters described with Entities and the Environments they appeared within. Various types of Entities were encountered with greater frequency in some Environments and various Environments had unique mixtures of dominant and less common varieties of Entities.
Conclusions
This study helps advance our understanding of the subjective psychedelic experiences resulting from ingestion of DMT. It reveals some of the distinct relationships between Entities and the Environments in which they appeared and provides a framework for developing a predictive model of those relationships and the progression of those psychedelic experiences.
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether the power Doppler ultrasonography can distinguish between singleton and twin pregnancies on day 50 by determining placentome vascularization in Kıvırcık ewes. A total of 67 ewes were enrolled for the study. Pregnancy was confirmed on day 23 at 51 of 67 sheep that were synchronized. The groups were formed based on the presence of single (Group S; n = 25 ewes) or twin (Group T; n = 26 ewes) foetuses. Placentome diameters on day 50 were not different between the groups (P > 0.05). Placentome blood flow area and the mean, minimum and maximum amount of coloured pixels were unrelated to groups. However, the relationship between the parameters that reflect the placentome vascularity in Group S was statistically detectable. The mean amount of coloured pixels in Group S tended to be moderately correlated with the mean amount of coloured pixels in Group T. There was a positive correlation in the mean, maximum, and area of the coloured pixels in twin pregnancies. In conclusion, power flow Doppler ultrasonography can be used to determine placentome blood perfusion but the number of offspring on day 50 could not be determined by placentome vascularity.
Az agyi eredetű látássérülés hazai előfordulása nagy kockázatú látássérült gyermekek körében
Előzetes eredmények
The prevalence of cerebral visual impairment among high-risk visually impaired children in Hungary
Preliminary results
Introduction: In cerebral visual impairment (CVI), the disturbance in visual function is not due to a condition of the eyeball but to a malfunction in the neural processing of visual information. The prevalence of cerebral visual impairment is unknown in Hungary. Still, it is essential to initiate a professional debate, as early-onset visual impairment impairs later mental and physical health and social advancement and creates a burden on society. Objective: A pilot study was carried out to assess the prevalence and incidence of cerebral visual impairment, either concomitant or independent of ocular visual impairment, in a cross-sectional survey of the School for the Visually Impaired in Budapest. Methods: We used special education methods to investigate the characteristics of cerebral visual impairment among low-vision children at high risk for cerebral visual impairment. We compared the gender and age distribution of students with and without cerebral visual impairment symptoms, data on birth conditions, and ophthalmological diagnosis. Results: Between 2021 and 2024, data from 120 students were analyzed, of whom 58 students (48.3%) had a history of increased risk of cerebral visual impairment. In the group at high risk for cerebral visual impairment, 33 (56.9%) pupils were found to have cerebral visual impairment abnormalities detected by teachers of visual impairments, while 4 (6.9%) had cerebral visual impairment in an ophthalmological report. Where teaching of visually impaired children methods confirmed cerebral visual impairment in the presence of high risk of cerebral visual impairment, the proportion of boys was higher compared to the non-cerebral visual impairment subgroup (66.7% vs. 36.0%, p = 0.020). Within the high-risk group, birth weight and gestational age did not differ among the cerebral visual impairment and non-cerebral visual impairment groups. Discussion: In children with a declared visual impairment, the teaching of visually impaired children method is the appropriate method for detecting cerebral visual impairment, while an ophthalmological examination may raise suspicion of cerebral visual impairment. As in other countries, cerebral visual impairment is significantly underdiagnosed in Hungary. Our measurements confirmed that boys were overrepresented in the cerebral visual impairment group, but the main etiological role of prematurity was not confirmed. Conclusion: In the high-risk group, teaching of visually impaired children methods are necessary in addition to ophthalmological examination to prove the presence of cerebral visual impairment. Targeted development as early as possible is a pledge to improve visual function. Further studies are needed to assess the prevalence of the condition in Hungary. Orv Hetil. 2025; 166(11): 421–426.
A gyermekkorban kezdődő gyulladásos bélbetegség sajátosságai 20 éves tapasztalatunk alapján
The characteristics of pediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease based on our 20-year-long study
Among inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), every tenth develops during childhood, which is characterized by a more complex disease course, more extensive spread, and rapid progression. The presenting symptoms of pediatric-onset IBD are often nonspecific, and diagnostic delays increase the risk of intestinal damage, bowel resection, and growth retardation. Adolescents with IBD exhibit the lowest compliance and medication adherence rates, contributing to the frequent occurrence of complications. The most significant extraintestinal complications in pediatric-onset IBD patients include growth retardation, malnutrition, impaired bone metabolism, malignancies, and opportunistic infections. In this patient group, surgical interventions are required earlier and more frequently, and the hospitalization rate is also higher among them. Ensuring optimal disease progression and quality of life is crucial, making it essential for the physicians managing their care to be well aware of the specific characteristics of the pediatric-onset IBD patient group. Orv Hetil. 2025; 166(11): 403–412.
