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- Author or Editor: J. García x
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The best alternative for reducing citrus production costs is mechanization. Machine vision is a reliable technology for the automatic inspection of fresh fruits and vegetables that can be adapted to harvesting machines. In these, fruits can be inspected before sending them to the packinghouse and machine vision provides important information for subsequent processing and avoids spending further resources in non-marketable fruit. The present work describes a computer vision system installed on a harvesting machine developed jointly by IVIA and a Spanish enterprise. In this machine, hand pickers directly drop the fruit as they collect it, which results in an important increase of productivity. The machine vision system is placed over rollers in order to inspect the produce, and separate those that can be directly sent to the fresh market from those that do not meet minimal quality requirements but can be used by the processing industry, based on color, size and the presence of surface damages. The system was tested under field conditions.
Thermal studies on metal complexes of 5-nitrosopyrimidine derivatives IV
Complexes of Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) with 6-amino-5-nitrosouracil
The thermal decomposition processes of the complexes of 6-amino-5-nitrosouracil with Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) have been studied using TG and DSC techniques. Dehydration energies have been calculated from the DSC curves.
The thermal behaviour of some 2-benzylamino-2-deoxyheptonic acids obtained from 2-benzylamino-2-deoxy-D-glycero-L-gluco, 2-benzylamino-2-deoxy-D-glycero-D-ido and 2-benzylamino-2-deoxy-D-glycero-D-taloheptononitriles (reported) previously has been studied in air (static atmosphere) and N2 (dynamic atmosphere, flow rate 200 ml/min).
Abstract
Sol-gel zirconia was characterized using high-resolution thermogravimetry (Hi-Res TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and compared with X-ray diffraction, Raman scattering, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. ZrO2-x(OH)2x·yH2O annealed below 400°C show typical behavior of amorphous material. As the annealing temperature is increased, the tetragonal and monoclinic phases crystallize. Typical Hi-Res TG curve shows that the samples are continuously dehydrated in a long temperature range, between room temperature and 600°C. The total mass loss relative to the initial mass is of about 29%. The DSC analysis coupled with TG and structural information, indicate that the exothermic processes about 355 and 447°C can be related to the nucleation process of the formation of tetragonal zirconia, with bulk crystallization at 447°C.
Abstract
Excess molar enthalpies for the ternary mixture {propyl propanoate + hexane + chlorobenzene} and the binary mixtures {propyl propanoate + chlorobenzene} and {hexane + chlorobenzene} were determined at the temperature 298.15 K and normal atmospheric pressure. The experimental values were measured using a Calvet microcalorimeter. Excess molar enthalpies obtained were also used to test empirical expressions for estimating ternary properties from binary results.
Abstract
Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) polymers are used as precursors for carbon fiber production. This process requires an oxidative stabilization step, which can be studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In this sense, thermal behavior of PAN based terpolymers by different polymerization processes, compositions and itaconic acid concentrations in the reaction media were investigated. The obtained results showed that the addition of itaconic acid and methyl acrylate as comonomers resulted a lower heat flow during the process comparing to the PAN homopolymer. It suggested that these comonomers aid the oxidative stabilization stage for all studied process. The redox system polymerization at 40C resulted in a lower heat flow. Itaconic acid decreases slightly initial and peak temperatures of the terpolymer and heat flow until concentration of 3y. The cyclization temperature decreases when MAis incorporated into the terpolymer compared to the MMA terpolymer and increases when MAA is the acidic monomer. Among terpolymers the AN/MA/AA polymer showed the best thermal behavior for carbon fiber producing.
Abstract
A new type of preparation employing153Sm metallic-hydroxide macroaggregates (153Sm-MHM) for radiation synovectomy was developed. The radiopharmaceutical was prepared by reacting the aqueous solution of153SmCl3 with sodium borohydride solution in 0.5N NaOH. Microscopic analysis showed that153Sm-MHM mean particle size was 4 
m (range 1–15 m) avoiding the formation of fine particles (<1 m) which were153Sm-hydroxide macroaggregates preparations (153Sm-HM). Also, suspension properties as sedimentation rate, were better for153Sm-MHM than for153Sm-hydroxyapatite and153Sm-HM. Biological studies in normal rabbits demonstrated high retention into de Knee joint space even at 48 h after administration of153Sm-MHM (>99%).
Abstract
The activity of 
-emitting radionuclides is usually measured by semiconductor detectors (surface barrier or ion implanted). Overlapping and composite bands are quite common problems depending on energy differences of the radionuclides and counting source preparation. The classical approach to activity quantification is based on peak integration and, when it is used, overlapping may be overcome by a detailed study of each case, whereas composite bands can not be completely resolved. Here, spectra of the -emitting plutonium isotopes, obtained by ion implanted semiconductor detectors, have been used to compare the classical approach with a multivariate calibration method (MVC-PLS). The study is performed at environmental activity levels (0–52 dpm). The relative errors obtained for239+240Pu activity determination, using either the classical or the MVC-PLS approach with replicates, are good enough to quantify isotopes at low level activities. The distribution of relative errors is asymmetric, with a positive component for 0–10.5 dpm subset, in the classical approach whereas it is more symmetric in the MVC-PLS method. The results show that the classical approach depends on peak overlap, whereas the MVC does not. As a whole, MVC is a more robust method than the classical approach. Composite bands were studied using the239Pu–240Pu mixture; the MVC approach did not allow individual quantification due to the lack of signal reproducibility. This instability does not affect the regular integration procedures but it is important in the deconvolution processes. The lack of reproducibility is related to the source preparation process.
