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Summary
Given
Although the East Old Turkic runiform inscriptions were deciphered already in 1893 by Thomsen (1896), the East European runiform fragments still present a mystery: we do not exactly know whom they belong to, which language(s) they represent, etc. During the last hundred years several attempts have been made to decipher them but nobody could provide a widely acceptable interpretation. This is because of the very nature of the findings: they are few in number and short in length. Accordingly, there is a consensus among the competent scholars that the decipherment raises serious difficulties which cannot be solved for the time being.It is, however, our primary task to document and catalogue every new finding as precisely as possible in the hope that the decipherment will one day be possible.The present article will document and analyse hitherto unknown runiform inscriptions carved into two bone plates for the grip of a bow found in a late Avar cemetery at Kiskundorozsma in South-East Hungary. The article is divided into two parts: first, an archaeological analysis with radiocarbon and thermoluminescence dating, second, a palaeographical analysis with the emphasis on methodology.
This study focuses on the notions of explicitation and implicitation in translation and aims to provide empirical evidence for operational asymmetry (Klaudy 2001). Bi-directional (SL=L1→TL=L2 and SL=L2→TL=L1) comparisons show that when explicitation takes place in the L1→L2 direction, implicitation can be observed in the L2→L1 direction. This phenomenon is referred to as symmetric explicitation. It may also happen, however, that when explicitation is carried out in the L1→L2 direction, no implicitation occurs in the L2→L1 direction. This phenomenon is referred to as asymmetric explicitation. It would be logical to suppose that all cases of language-specific explicitation in the L1→L2 direction are symmetrical (i.e., matched by implicitation in the L2→L1 direction), but this does not seem to be the case. The present paper reports on the findings of an empirical study designed to investigate the validity of the asymmetry hypothesis in the translation of reporting verbs in literary texts translated from English into Hungarian and from Hungarian into English. Using the method of two-way qualitative translation analysis, the study demonstrates that translators tend to prefer the more explicit forms to the more implicit ones in both directions and often fail to perform implicitation. The study may thus provide further evidence for the assumption that semantic explicitation is in fact a universal translation strategy.
The link between gender issues and translation in recent years has developed into an intertwining of theory and practice. For instance, feminist writing has given a deep insight into the questions of how to translate from one culture to another the issues at stake; new attention to traditionally neglected historical subjects has led us to consider the role women played in the past in all the proc-esses involved with translation (a role often hidden behind traditional historical reconstructions) whilst bearing in mind the present; the need to reflect upon specifically feminist translation strategies has increasingly been highlighted; the notion of gender as a cultural construction has started to be seen as a tool of in-vestigation in Translation Studies.
One of the important cemetery and settlement of the Celts lies in a plateau on the southern side of the the Öreg Rába river, in the vicinity of Győr-Ménfőcsanak. The first burials were found in 1967 during a short rescue excavation, however it made Ménfőcsanak a key La Tène site in the Carpathian Basin. Excavations investigated on a larger scale in the area of previously known cemetery in 1993–94. The burial rite of the necropolis was mainly inhumation and only two graves were cremated and two biritual graves. Celtic warriors with swords and richly furnished female with fibulae, coral, amber, and glass beads jewelry were also buried in this part of cemetery. Few graves were limited by rectangular enclosing trenches. According to find analyzing this part of the cemetery dates to the LT B period, and that is why Ménfőcsanak became an important archaeological site in terms of burials in the history of the Celtic “migrations” in the fourth century BC.
Abstract
Frame structures are defined as structures built of straight, less often curved bars, which are dimensioned to carry a planar or spatial load. These frames are generally considered statically indeterminate structures so that several methods can be used to determine their loads, but all of them require some simplification. This paper is not concerned with investigating these theories for determining the stresses but with the optimum design of a frame structure for a given geometry. Several different loads have been considered, where the value of the wind load in the horizontal direction has been considered. The optimization problem is mathematically formulated so that both compressive forces and bending moments acting on the horizontal beam and the vertical column, and their composite loads, are below the limit set by the material properties. The column connections were assumed to be fully rigid, and welded I-section were considered for both columns. For local bending conditions, the Eurocode 3 specification was applied. Several steel grades were tested during the investigations, and fire loading was considered an additional load. In this case, a higher safety factor was assumed to make the times to collapse comparable.
Abstract
Monocomponent and bicomponent iron and/or titanium modified MCM-41 materials prepared by direct synthesis at room temperature were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen physisorption, UV–Vis diffuse reflectance, FT-IR and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Their catalytic behavior was studied in cylohexanol conversion. Materials with high surface area and well-ordered pore structure were obtained. All modified mesoporous silicas possess high activity in cyclohexanol conversion. Bicomponent FeTiMCM-41 catalyst pretreated in hydrogen at 723 K presented the highest activity and selectivity to cyclohexanone.
Abstract
In this note, first, we give a very short new proof of the theorem which yields a lower bound for the surface area of Voronoi cells of unit ball packings in E d and implies Rogers' upper bound for the density of unit ball packings in E d for all d ≥ 2. Second we sharpen locally a classical result of Gauss by finding the locally smallest surface area Voronoi cells of lattice unit ball packings in E 3.
