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- Author or Editor: A. Garg x
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Abstract
Gamma-radiolytic decomposition of zirconium nitrate and its binary mixtures with potassium halides viz. KCl, KBr and KI has been studied at different compositions up to an absorbed dose of 550 kGy. Radiolytic decomposition has been found to decrease with the absorbed dose. It also varies with the concentration of zirconium nitrate in the binary mixtures. G(NO 2 – ) values are enhanced by the addition of halides but only at 75% composition. It is not affected so significantly by KI. A plot of G(NO 2 – ) vs. composition of the binary mixtures of the nitrates shows a somewhat parabolic curve with a minimum at 75% Zr(NO3)4+25% KX composition. A part of the energy absorbed by the system is being taken up by the halides depending upon their nature and concentration. Thermal decomposition shows slow decomposition, finally yielding an oxynitrate of indefinite composition.
Abstract
Double nitrates of Na and K having the composition 2MINO3·LnIII(NO3)3·2H2O(LnIII=Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb and Dy) and of Ni and Cu with the composition 3MII(NO3)2·2LnIII(NO3)3·24H2O (LnIII=La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb and Dy) have been prepared and their 
-radiolytic decomposition studied up to 500 kGy. G(NO
2
–
) values of K double nitrates at 230 kGy follow the order Dy3+>Pr3+=Nd3+=Sm3+>Tb3+>Eu3+> Gd3+·G(NO
2
3+
) for NI double nitrates are higher than those of Cu double nitrates. Variation of G(NO
2
–
) with cationic radii and the number of 
f
electrons in lanthanide ion show a minimum at Eu. Thermal decomposition studies of double nitrates were also carried out.
Abstract
A radiochemical solvent extraction method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of submicrogram amounts of Cd and Hg using115mCd and203Hg tracers respectively and thionalide as a single complexing reagent. Hg was determined by 0.05% thionalide in ethyl methyl ketone (EMK) at pH 8.5, masking Cd with 0.1M KCN. From the aqueous phase Cd was demasked using formal-dehyde-acetic acid, pH adjusted to 9.5 and extracted into 0.05% thionalide in chloroform. The method is simple, fast and yields accurate results.
Abstract
Knowledge of occurrence and concentration of trace elements in dust particulates from and around industrial establishments is essential to know the source of pollutants and atmosphere quality. Dust particulates from two cement factories in the central part of India were analyzed for 5 minor (Cl, Fe, K, Mg, Na) and 23 trace elements (Ag, As, Ba, Br, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Dy, Eu, Ga, Hf, Hg, La, Mn, Sb, Sc, Se, Sm, Sr, Th, W and Zn) by INAA and RNAA techniques. Significant differences have been observed for some toxic trace elements at different locations. Mn content is particularly high in all the dust particulates. Urban particulate (SRM 1648) and Coal fly ash (SRM 1633a) from NIST and Pond sediment (CRM No. 2) from NIES were also analyzed. The data have been analyzed and interpreted in terms of air quality at different locations inside the plant and two factories.
Abstract
There has been an increasing awareness conceming the adequacy of trace elements in diet as their deficiency or excess may cause abnormal changes in the biochemical processes. Typical Indian vegetarian diet and dietary components such as cereals, grains, pulses, vegetables and spices have been analysed for 19 elements (Br, Cl, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Mn, Mo, Na, P, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sr, Th and Zn) by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Several Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) were analysed for quality assurance. Based on the elemental contents, the daily dietary intake has been calculated and the data compared with those from other countries, Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) and permissible body burden. It has been observed that, although vegetarian, the Indian diet has an adequate content of essential trace elements compared to non-vegetarian oriental (Japan and Taiwan) and western (Germany, Denmark and USA) diets.
Abstract
Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis /INAA/ has been employed for the determination of 15 major, minor and trace elements in human and animal blood samples. Dry whole blood samples along with NBS and IAEA standards were irradiated for 5 min, 1 h, 5 h and 10 h with reactor thermal neutrons and counted using high resolution 
-spectrometry at successive intervals. Data for a new IAEA proposed CRM Mixed Human Diet /H-9/ is reported.
Abstract
Gamma-ray induced decomposition of binary mixtures of potassium nitrate with 90, 70, 50, 30 and 10 mol% SiO2, Al2O3, MnO2, V2O5, La2O3, CeO2, Sm2O3, Eu2O3, Gd2O3 and Dy2O3 has been studied at different doses up to 500 kGy. Radiolytic decomposition of the nitrate is affected by the concentration of the oxide in the binary mixture as well as by the absorbed dose. The enhancement is up to 103 times at 90 mol% of the additive.G(NO2 −) values calculated on the basis of electron fraction of the nitrate decrease with the increasing concentration of the nitrate. A comparison ofG(NO2 −) for 90 mol% oxides shows decreasing trend as Gd2O3>Sm2O3≈Dy2O3> Eu2O3>CeO2>Al2O3>V2O5>SiO2>MnO2. ESR and TL measurements suggest the formation of radical species which interact with the radical species of nitrate causing enhanced decomposition by energy transfer mechanism.
Abstract
Gamma — radiolytic decomposition of sodium and potassium nitrates and its admixtures with respective cyanide and borate additives has been studied over a wide absorbed dose range from 675 to 500 kGy. The decomposition of nitrate increases with the nature and concentration of the additive in the admixture. The enhancement is more significant at >80 mol% of the additive.G(NO 2 − ) values, calculated on the basis of electron fraction of the nitrate salt, decrease with increasing concentration of the nitrate. ESR spectral studies suggest the formation of radical species such as BO4 and BO 3 2− etc, in borates whereas in case of cyanide additive FH centres are produced. The radical species and colour centres so produced may then transfer their energy to nitrate and cause enhancement in decomposition. A comparison with other oxyanion additives shows thatG(NO 2 − ) values decrease in the order PO 4 3− >B4O 7 2− >SO 4 2− >CO 3 2− . Similarly, the nature of the cation also affects the decomposition.
Abstract
A series of carboxylatoferrate (III) complexes have been synthesized with monocarboxylic and dicarboxylic acids. Mössbauer spectra of all the complexes exhibit quadrupole doublets with 
EQ=0.36–0.88 mm s–1, suggesting a distorted octahedral geometry. The complexes start decomposing at 
100°C and finally yield a constant weight at <500°C. Mössbauer spectral studies of the intermediates and final products after heating at different temperatures yield a complex pattern, suggesting the formation of one or two magnetic phases. Mössbauer spectra of the final products show two, six or eight lines with a central doublet, all indicating the formation of 
-Fe2O3 of different particle sizes. It is proposed that decarboxylation occurs first, followed by the loss of one or two ligands, depending on the nature of the carboxylate and the heating tempeature. The complex of pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid shows an anomalous behavior.
Abstract
Mössbauer and infrared spectroscopic studies of a series of iron(III) complexes of dicarboxylic acids, maleic, malonic, succinic, glutaric, adipic, pimelic, suberic, azealic and sebacic have been carried out at room temperature. All complexes exhibit a quadrupole doublet with isomer shift (
) values in the range of 0.62 –0.72 mm·s–1 (with respect to SNP) and quadrupole splitting, 
EQ=0.53–0.74 mm· s–1. It is observed that tris complexes are formed up to pimelic acid, while bis complexes are formed those for the other three acids. Isomer shift () values do not vary significantly but EQ values show a somewhat regular trend. Magnetic moment data indicate high spin Fe(III) in octahedral geometry.
